Background: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is a risk factor for dementia and ischemic stroke. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a simple and cost-effective marker for the prediction of various vascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between AIP and WMH in adults without cerebrovascular accidents. Methods: We analyzed the data of 281 adults, aged ≥26 years, who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the health promotion center of an education hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Participants were divided into three categories according to tertiles of the AIP scores (T1: <0.20; T2: 0.20–0.48; and T3: >0.48). WMH was defined as a modified Fazekas scale score of 1–3 on brain MRI. A cubic spline curve was used to determine the linearity of the relationship between AIP and WMH. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the AIP and WMH. Results: The prevalence of WMH was 45.7% in T1, 57.0% in T2, and 66.0% in T3 (T3 vs. T1, P for post-hoc analysis=0.005). The increased odds of WMH were associated with increased AIP. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for WMH of T2 and T3 compared with T1 were 1.57 (0.88–2.80) and 2.30 (1.28–4.14), respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, the OR with a 95% CI for WMH in the T2 and T3 groups vs. the referent T1 were 1.55 (0.76–3.13) and 2.27 (1.06–4.84), respectively. Conclusion AIP is independently and positively associated with WMH in a healthy population.

The present study was performed to evaluate histomorphological difference in various surface-treated implants in beagle. Implants(Implantium(R), Dentium Co. Korea) with pure titanium machined surface, acid treated surface, and Al2O3(50~100micrometer)blasted with acid treated surface were used in this study. All mandibular premolars of 1.5~2 year old male beagle dogs were extracted. At 3 months after extraction, the implants(phi 4mm, l6mm) were installed. The beagle were sacrificed at 1, 3 months after installation and then tissues including implants were prepared for non-decalcified specimens. These specimens were analyzed comparatively under light microscope. The results of this study were as follow 1. Higher rate of osseointegration were showed in the Al2O3(50~100micrometer)blasted with acid-treated surface. 2. Increased osseointegration were showed in the Al2O3(50~100micrometer)blasted with acidtreated surface with time. 3. Higher maturation of integration were showed in the Al2O3(50~100micrometer)blasted with acid-treated surface. In conclusion, surface treatment of Al2O3blasted with acid might be considered to shorten healing time and improve success rate as increasing contact of implant and bone.
Animals ; Bicuspid ; Dogs ; Humans ; Male ; Osseointegration* ; Titanium

No abstract available.
Humans ; Microsporum* ; Siblings* ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea*

Ten eels (Anguilla japonica) from a fish farm in Korea were examined and diagnosed with a Heterosporis infection. The gross lesions on the trunk were uneven and the concave parts were pasty. Histopathologically, lyses of the trunk muscles, degenerative muscle fibers and the scattered spores were observed. The sporophorocyst (SPC) contained several spores with a variety of shapes. Some SPC were disrupted and the spores in the SPC were scattered in the muscle tissues. Macrophages existed near the scattered spores. Electron microscopy revealed special structures such as sporophorocyst containing various developmental parasitic stages such as meronts, sporonts, sporophorous vesicles and spores.
*Anguilla ; Animals ; Aquaculture ; Fish Diseases/*parasitology/pathology ; Histocytochemistry/veterinary ; Korea ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission/veterinary ; Microsporidia/*growth & development/ultrastructure ; Microsporidiosis/parasitology/pathology/*veterinary ; Muscular Diseases/parasitology/pathology/*veterinary

PURPOSE: There is no effective treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer having failed to respond to first line chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic activity, and safety, of a FEP regimen in patients with a recurrence of, or metastatic, gastric cancer that had been unresponsive to primary chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Recurred or metastatic gastric cancer patients that did not respond to a 5-fluorouracil based regimen were entered into this trial. The patients were treated with FEP (5-FU, etoposide and cisplatin) as salvage chemotherapy. The treatment regimen was 5-FU (900 mg/m2/day) by continuous infusion for 3 days, etoposide (90 mg/m2/day) on days 1, 2 and 3, and cisplatin (60 mg/m2/day) on day 2. This treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Between December 1997 and October 2001, 28 patients were enrolled to the study. The response rate was 32.1% (95% CI 15.5~57.8%). The median times to progression and survival duration were 23~33 weeks, respectively. Among a total of 187 cycles of chemotherapy, the grade 3 and 4 hematological toxicities were leukopenia (6.4%), thrombocytopenia (1.6%), and grade 3 non-hematological side effects of nausea/vomiting (17.9%). CONCLUSION: FEP combination chemotherapy seems to be an effective treatment regimen for gastric cancer as salvage chemotherapy. To confirm these results, large scale of clinical trials will be required.
Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Etoposide* ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Polytetrafluoroethylene* ; Recurrence ; Salvage Therapy ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Thrombocytopenia

A 67-year-old male patient was admitted with an abrupt sudden cardiac death. He represented with an extreme electrical storm of 30 times of ventricular fibrillation (VF) episodes on one day. External shocks were performed to terminate VF. Transient J-wave in the inferior-lateral leads and Brugada electrocardiography pattern on the right precordial leads appeared during the electrical storm. And J-wave disappeared after the termination of electrical storm. We report a case of the appearance of J-wave during electrical storm in a patient with Brugada syndrome.
Brugada Syndrome ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Male ; Shock ; Ventricular Fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Epidermal cysts are the most common type of epithelial cysts of the skin. There have been a few studies to determine the clinical and histopathological characteristics of epidermal cysts. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of 243 cases of epidermal cysts in the province of Chungcheongnam-do. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and histopathological features of 243 cases of epidermal cysts at Soonchunhyang University Hospital in Cheonan from January 1998 to December 2008. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female patients was 1.7:1. The age distribution of subjects at the first visit ranged from 11 months to 83 years. The most common site of occurrence was the face. The most common histopathological change of the cystic wall was atrophy. Cystic contents such as calcifications, parakeratotic cells, red blood cells as well as keratinous material were observed. We found stromal changes such as foreign body reactions, fibrosis and granulation tissue. Forty-seven cases were clinically misdiagnosed as other diseases, but subsequent histopathological findings demonstrated the presence of epidermal cysts. No particular relationship was found among duration, size, atrophy of the cyst wall and calcification of keratin material. CONCLUSION: We reaffirmed contiguity with previous reports. In addition, we found some cases could have been clinically misdiagnosed as other diseases. In addition, there was a poor relationship between the duration of the lesion and other variables such as the size of the lesion, the degree of atrophy of the cyst wall and calcification of keratin material.
Age Distribution ; Atrophy ; Epidermal Cyst ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Foreign Bodies ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Keratins ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin

Background: Although many studies have been conducted on the association between the intercondylar notch size and the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, few studies have examined its relationship with the condition after surgical treatment.Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the surgical outcomes of anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction according to intercondylar notch volumes. Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction using a tibialis anterior allograft between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. For each sex, eligible patients were classified into two groups based on their percentile of intercondylar notch volumes, which were measured using postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography images (group S, ≤ 50th percentile of included patients; group L, > 50th percentile of included patients). Additional grouping was performed based on the group’s percentiles of normalized values of intercondylar notch volumes to body heights.Between-group comparative analyses were performed on the perioperative data and surgical outcomes in both objective and subjective aspects. Results: One hundred patients were included in the study. For male patients, there were no differences in the overall surgical outcomes between groups, whereas group L showed a significantly greater knee anteroposterior (AP) laxity than group S at the final follow-up (p = 0.042 for the side-to-side differences [SSD] at the maximum manual force). Similarly, there were no differences in the female patients in the overall surgical results between the groups, whereas group L showed a significantly greater knee AP laxity at the final follow-up (p = 0.020 for the SSD at 134 N; p = 0.011 for the SSD at the maximum manual force). Additional analyses based on the normalized values of the intercondylar notch volume showed consistent results for male patients, and additional grouping for female patients was identical to the existing grouping. Conclusions The surgical outcomes of anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction in patients with relatively small intercondylar notch volumes were comparable to those with large notch volumes, but rather showed favorable outcomes in postoperative knee AP laxity.

Colonoscopy is frequently used for lower GI tract screening tests. Although rare, splenic injury may develop in the high-risk patients on anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents. A 78-year-old female visited our hospital complaining of chest pain. She had taken antihyperlipidemic and antiplatelet agent with hyperlipidemia and 20%-stenosis in the left anterior descending artery. She was taken polypectomy after colonoscopy 4 years ago. The next day, after a follow-up colonoscopy for polypectomy, she complained epigastric and left upper abdominal discomfort. Pain intensity was not high, but next day, epigastric pain was increased, so coronary angiography was performed 2 days later using anticoagulants. Coronary angiography showed 40~50%-stenosis in the left anterior descending artery. Another antiplatelet agent was added. After 72 hours on colonoscopy, her pain was localized upper left abdominal area. Abdominal CT showed intracapsular bleeding in the spleen with a small amount of hemoperitoneum in the pelvis. Since her vital signs were stable, she was treated with conservative management. Her pain improved and discharged. One month later, she was taken Abdominal CT. CT showed the size of intracapsular fluid collection in the spleen was increased, but the whole fluid collection was liquidized. 2 weeks later, follow-up sonography showed the size of fluid collection conspicuously was reduced. The case reported herein is a splenic Injury after Colonoscopy in patient on antiplatelet agents.
Aged ; Anticoagulants ; Arteries ; Chest Pain ; Colonoscopy* ; Coronary Angiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoperitoneum ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ; Mass Screening ; Pelvis ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Spleen ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: Acute abdominal pain can be the result of many different pathophysiological processes. Among the many possible causes, acute mesenteric ischemia is a life threatening condition if the diagnosis is delayed. Generally, the mortality rate for other disease has gradually decreased; however, the mortality rate for acute mesenteric ischemia has not changed significantly and it continues to be 75% to 80% for acute mesenteric arterial embolism or thrombosis and 44% for acute mesenteric venous thrombosis. The aim of this study was to conduct an analysis of the clinical characteristics and mortality of the patients with acute mesenteric ischemia according to the etiology. METHOD: From 1989 to 2004, 43 patients were treated for acute mesenteric ischemia. Their mean age was 59 years, ranging from 24 to 81, and the male to female gender ratio was 24:19. We retrospectively analyzed their initial symptoms, the age and gender distribution, the treatment modalities and the mortality rates. RESULT: The causes of acute mesenteric ischemia were arterial embolism in 27 cases, arterial thrombosis including arterial dissection in 7 cases and venous thrombosis in 9 cases. Almost all of the patients complained of acute abdominal pain and abdominal tenderness. The overall mortality rate was 30.2% and the rates were 37.0% for mesenteric artery embolism, 42.9% for mesenteric artery thrombosis and 0% for mesenteric venous thrombosis. CONCLUSION: In this study, the causes of acute mesenteric ischemia were mesenteric artery embolism and thrombosis, including dissection and mesenteric venous thrombosis. The factors influencing the mortality were the cause of the acute mesenteric ischemia, the extent of involvement of the mesenteric vessels and the extent of bowel necrosis. Thus the most important things for the treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia are early diagnosis and proper treatment.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Embolism ; Embolism and Thrombosis ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia* ; Male ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Mortality ; Necrosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis