PURPOSE: Trampoline-related injuries are steadily increasing. To our knowledge, there have been very few studies on trampoline injuries in Asia. The purpose of this study is to report the characteristics of pediatric trampoline injuries in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from prospective nationwide databases (Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance databases of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for patients who visited emergency departments (EDs) after injuries during 2011–2016. RESULTS: Of 263712 patients between 0 and 17 years of age, 2799 patients with trampoline injuries visited EDs. The median age of the patients was 5 years (interquartile range, 3–8 years), and 63% of the patients were under 6 years old. Of the patients, 1526 (54.2%) were male. Seventy-six percent of injuries occurred at trampoline parks. Trampoline injuries and trampoline park injuries have increased steadily, while ages at injury have gradually decreased year by year (p < 0.001). Injury locations included the lower extremity (47%), head and face (24%), and upper extremity (24%). A fracture was sustained by 886 (31.7%) patients. The distal humerus and proximal tibia were the most common fracture sites (34% and 23%, respectively). Fractures occurred more commonly in trampoline parks than in homes (33.7% vs. 21.1%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In Korea, pediatric trampoline injuries and trampoline park injuries have tended to increase, while ages at injury have tended to decrease. Policies to prevent trampoline injuries are needed.
Asia ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cohort Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Fractures, Bone ; Head ; Humans ; Humerus ; Korea* ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia ; Upper Extremity ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Leukemia* ; Sweet Syndrome*

Objective: When bike riding under the influence of alcohol, incidence of injury increases, although reports of highly severe injuries is rare. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how drinking alcohol affects bicycle injuries. Methods: This study included patients who visited the emergency departments at 23 hospitals. Participants were enrolled in the emergency department-based injury in-depth surveillance program of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, were over 15-years-old, and were injured while riding a bike either with or without alcohol intake.Patients with important data missing or insufficient data such as Excess Mortality Ratio-adjusted Injury Severity Score (EMR-ISS) were excluded from the analysis. Results: A total of 28,094 patients were analyzed. The alcohol-intake group numbered 1,946 (6.9%) while the non-alcohol-intake group numbered 26,148 (93.1%). The incidence of severe injury (EMR-ISS≥25) in the alcohol-intake group was 451 (23.2%), whereas that in the non-alcohol-intake group was 2,881 (11.0%), which was statistically different between the two groups (P<0.001). According to multivariate logistic regression, the odds ratio of severe injuries in the alcohol-intake group was 2.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.80-2.30) compared to the non-alcohol-intake group after adjusting for age, alcohol use, type of road, sex, injury time, and transportation. Conclusion Alcohol is associated with an increase in the incidence of severe injuries. Therefore, as part of preventive measures, it will be necessary to tighten regulations on post-drinking bike riding and improve awareness through public relations.

Objective: When mass casualty incidents occur in Korea, disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs) and public health disaster response teams (PHDRTs) treat casualties at the scene. However, the appropriateness of their on-site responses has not been assessed so far. In this study, we evaluated their response and the variations in their response according to the accessibility of medical care. Methods: We analyzed mass casualty incidents that were reported to the Disaster Emergency Medical Service Situation Room of the National Emergency Medical Center from July 2014 to December 2018. We divided the accident locations into medically underserved areas (MUAs) and adequately served areas (ASAs) and compared the responses of the two teams in each area. Results: Of the 61 incidents, 20 occurred in MUAs, and 41 occurred in ASAs. In MUAs compared to ASAs, time from DMATs' dispatch to arrival was longer (48 [40-58.5] vs. 23 [18-32], P<0.001) but the time taken by the PHDRTs did not vary between two areas (19 [14-35] vs. 15.5 [9-24.5], P=0.263). In MUAs, the time elapsed from the PHDRTs' dispatch to arrival was less than that of the DMATs (48 [40-58.5] vs. 20 [15-35], P<0.001). In MUAs, the distance of the PHDRTs from the scene was lower (31.4 [25-50.95] vs. 13.6 [5.3-19.7], P=0.001) and more members were dispatched to the scene than the DMAT (5 [4-6] vs. 9 [5-10.5], P=0.013). Conclusion Because of the low accessibility to the scene in MUAs, DMATs took a long time to initiate medical support . To provide adequate disaster medical support, the PHDRTs must be specialized and trained.

Objective: When mass casualty incidents occur in Korea, disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs) and public health disaster response teams (PHDRTs) treat casualties at the scene. However, the appropriateness of their on-site responses has not been assessed so far. In this study, we evaluated their response and the variations in their response according to the accessibility of medical care. Methods: We analyzed mass casualty incidents that were reported to the Disaster Emergency Medical Service Situation Room of the National Emergency Medical Center from July 2014 to December 2018. We divided the accident locations into medically underserved areas (MUAs) and adequately served areas (ASAs) and compared the responses of the two teams in each area. Results: Of the 61 incidents, 20 occurred in MUAs, and 41 occurred in ASAs. In MUAs compared to ASAs, time from DMATs' dispatch to arrival was longer (48 [40-58.5] vs. 23 [18-32], P<0.001) but the time taken by the PHDRTs did not vary between two areas (19 [14-35] vs. 15.5 [9-24.5], P=0.263). In MUAs, the time elapsed from the PHDRTs' dispatch to arrival was less than that of the DMATs (48 [40-58.5] vs. 20 [15-35], P<0.001). In MUAs, the distance of the PHDRTs from the scene was lower (31.4 [25-50.95] vs. 13.6 [5.3-19.7], P=0.001) and more members were dispatched to the scene than the DMAT (5 [4-6] vs. 9 [5-10.5], P=0.013). Conclusion Because of the low accessibility to the scene in MUAs, DMATs took a long time to initiate medical support . To provide adequate disaster medical support, the PHDRTs must be specialized and trained.

Background: The prognostic consequences of transient hemodynamic deterioration due to cardiac displacement, which is most severe during left circumflex artery (LCX) grafting in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) < 60% during LCX grafting and the occurrence of composite of morbidity endpoints. Methods: Data of patients who underwent elective OPCAB between January 2010 and December 2019 were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to detect risk factors for the composite of morbidity endpoints, defined as 30-day or in-hospital mortality, postoperative myocardial infarction, prolonged mechanical ventilation > 24 h, cerebrovascular accident, and acute kidney injury. Results: Among 1,071 patients, the composite of morbidity endpoints occurred in 303 (28%) patients. SvO2 < 60% during LCX grafting was significantly associated with the composite of morbidity (OR: 2.72, 95% CI [1.60, 4.61], P < 0.001) along with advanced age, chronic kidney disease, ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity, and EuroSCORE II. Other major hemodynamic variables including the cardiac index were not associated with the outcome. Additional regression analysis revealed pre-operative anemia as a predictor of SvO2 < 60% during LCX grafting (OR: 2.09, 95% CI [1.33, 3.29], P = 0.001). Conclusions A decrease in SvO2 < 60%, albeit confined to the period of cardiac displacement, was associated with a 2.7-fold increased risk of detrimental outcomes after OPCAB, implying the prognostic importance of this transient deterioration in oxygen supply-demand balance.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Barrett's esophagus is confirmed by performing a biopsy when the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and Z-line do not coincide. In Japan, the GEJ is at the distal end of the palisading vessel while Western countries define it as the proximal tip of the gastric fold. However, there is little data on the prevalence of an endoscopic Barrett's esophagus and the inter-observer variation. METHODS: Four experienced endoscopists reviewed the endoscopic still images of 111 consecutive patients. The level of inter-observer agreement was expressed as a kappa value. RESULTS: The average percentage of patients with an endoscopically confirmed esophagus was 34.2%. The level of inter-observer agreement was substantial (kappa=0.698). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of an endoscopic confirmed Barrett's esophagus was high, and the inter-observer variation was substantial when the GEJ was defined as the distal end of the palisading vessel. Considering the low incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma and the risk of hemorrhage from a biopsy, a more specific marker is needed in this high-risk group.
Adenocarcinoma ; Barrett Esophagus* ; Biopsy ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Esophagus ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Japan ; Observer Variation* ; Prevalence*

Objective: Personal mobility vehicles (PMV) have been used widely as a means of replacing bicycles in recent yearsbecause of their convenience and high economic efficiency. On the other hand, accidents related to PMV are alsoincreasing, but there have been few studies in this area. This study examined the factors that increase the severity ofdamage and determine the characteristics of the PMV compared to the accidents on a bicycle. Methods: Retrospective observational studies were performed. The variables related to the accident were collected andanalyzed for patients who visited the emergency room due to a PMV and bicycle accident. Multivariate logistic regressionanalysis was used to determine the factors affecting the severity of the patients. The odds ratios were calculated andcompared between injuries related to PMV and bicycles. Results: A total of 1,124 patients (bicycles 1,017, PMV 107) were enrolled in this study. In multivariate regression analysis,the severity of PMV was higher (odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.83) than that of a bicycle.The factors affecting the severity of the patients were age (OR, 1.02, 95% CI, 1.01-1.03), alcohol use (OR, 1,70; 95% CI,1.04-2.70), ambulance transport (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.78-3.40), and wearing a helmet (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.36-3.13). Conclusion PMV showed higher severity of damage than a bicycle. The PMV, which is a new transportation means, isinsufficient for the prevention of safety compared to bicycles where driving regulations and wearing protective equipmentare common. Additional studies on the precise mechanisms of injury and damage are expected to prevent accidents andreduce their severity.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility, safety, advantages and limitations of laparoscopic management of adnexal masses in pregnancy by comparing with laparotomy. METHODS: Between Jan 2001 to Jan 2003, 36 laparoscopic procedures and 15 laparotomy procedures were performed in 51 patients with adnexal masses in pregnancy. Operation time, hospital stay, pathologic findings, complications and pregnancy outcome were analyzed in these patients. RESULTS: Most common pathologic finding was mature cystic teratoma (45%) and malignancy of adnexal tumors were 3 cases (5.9%). There were no differences in size of adnexal tumor, operation time, hemoglobin level change after operation, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar score, preterm delivery and fetal anomaly between the two groups. Hospital stays was shorter and gestational age at operation was earlier in laparoscopy than explolaparotomy. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic management of adnexal masses in pregnancy is safe and effective procedure.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Laparoscopy* ; Laparotomy* ; Length of Stay ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Teratoma

In control group, fetal and adult fibroblasts were cultured under normoxic condition. The experimental groups were allocated into four different groups. The differences in TGF-beta, VEGF under 24, 48, 72 hours were statistically investigated. Compared to adult fibroblast group, there was a statistically significant increase (p<0.01) in the rates of protein synthesis in TGF-beta and VEGF of fetal fibroblast. In this study, these results may reflect the possibility that fetal fibroblast are more susceptible to change in oxygen and has a superior rate of angiogenesis through increased VEGF expression. The possible superiority of angiogenesis in fetal fibroblast may play an important role in scarless wound healing.
Adult ; Anoxia* ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Oxygen ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Wound Healing