PURPOSE: We assessed the accuracy of a portable ultrasound device (BladderScan(TM) BVI 3000) used to measure the postvoid residual urine volume (PVR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively measured the volume of residual urine in 160 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms between August 2000 and April 2001. After voiding, PVR measurements were performed immediately using ultrasound bladder scanning, followed by Nelaton catheterization, with the patient was in the supine position, and compared the results of the two techniques. RESULTS: The ultrasound bladder scanning correlated well with the catheterization for measuring the PVR (r=0.946). The ultrasound bladder scanning had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.4 and 100%, respectively, in detecting a PVR>or=100ml, and 83.4 and 91.5%, respectively, in cases where the PVR was less than 50ml. A multiple regression analysis, and a two sample t-test, showed that the difference was not related to: age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) or related diseases (p>0.05). Age, weight, height, BMI were not significant variables when comparing the sexes (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in patient's satisfaction and the required time of the procedure between bladder scanning and catheterization (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Portable ultrasound bladder scanning is quick, easy to use, non-invasive, readily repeatable, and specific for determining the PVR. Therefore, portable ultrasound bladder scanning can be used as an alternative to catheterization in the determination of residual urine volume.
Body Height ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Supine Position ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: Although it is well known that surgical treatment has been gold standard in most cases of ureteral stricture, but its effect was not satisfactory. The development of balloon catheters and advances in endourology offer attractive alternative management compared to surgery in the treatment of urethral strictures. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of balloon dilatation as an alternative treatment in the management of benign ureteral stricture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 32 patients, treated during the last 5 years for benign ureteral stricture disease. Balloon dilatation of benign ureteral strictures were performed in a percutaneous antegrade(10 patients) or retrograde(22 patients) fashion followed by placement of a 6 Fr. stent for 6-8 weeks. The underlying diseases or conditions of the benign ureteral stricture were tuberculous ureteritis in 15, surgery to ureter in 8, iatrogenic cause in 5, and primary cause in 4. RESULTS: The over-all rate of succesful management of benign ureteral stricture diseases using endoscopic techniques was 75 percent. The significant complications were not observed in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the result of our experiences, we suggest the use of balloon dilatation as the initial treatment method in benign urethral stricture.
Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Dilatation* ; Humans ; Stents ; Ureter* ; Urethral Stricture

Purpose: To evaluate the effects and limitations of lacrimal endoscopy without silicone tube intubation in patients with epiphora. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 64 eyes in 49 patients who underwent lacrimal endoscopy between May 2021 and May 2022. The clinical characteristics, irrigation test results, lacrimal endoscopic findings, and type of surgery were analyzed. Results: The mean duration of symptoms was 31.2 months, and was significantly longer in the failure group than in the success group (p = 0.043). Irrigation tests showed passage, partial obstruction, and complete obstruction in 20 (31.3%), 16 (25.0%), and 28 (43.7%) eyes, respectively. Lacrimal endoscopy showed narrowing, mucus, fibrosis, granulation, and stones in 41 (64.0%), 12 (18.8%), 6 (9.3%), 3 (4.7%), and 2 (3.1%) eyes, respectively. Following lacrimal endoscopy, 32 (50.0%) eyes each were included in the success and failure groups. Preoperative irrigation test results did not affect the success rate (p = 0.203). Silicone tube intubation and dacryocystorhinostomy were performed in 5 (7.8%) and 8 (12.5%) eyes, respectively, because the symptoms did not improve after lacrimal endoscopy. Conclusions Lacrimal endoscopy, performed without silicone tube intubation, was effective in improving symptoms and may guide the choice of surgical technique, if required.

OBJECTIVE: Recently some behavioral features and affective traits are considered important for the phenotype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The purpose of this study was to assess some specific behavioral, temperamental, emotional features of OCD patients and to investigate if there is any change in patterns of temperament-character after 4-month pharmacotherapy. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with OCD and 70 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Four self-report questionnaires were employed to assess temperamental characteristics and affective traits: The behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system scale, the Baratt impulsiveness scale, state-trait anger expression inventory, emotional intelligence inventory. Among 56 OCD patients, 21 subjects started pharmacotherapy and 4 months later, they repeated 4 self-report tests as the same above and Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale (Y-BOCS). And then we investigated the changes from initial results. RESULTS: Patients with OCD showed significantly greater expression of behavioral inhibition system (p<0.0001), more cognitive impulsiveness (p<0.0001), motor impulsiveness (p=0.0067) and increased level of state anger (p<0.0001), trait anger (p<0.0001) than healthy controls. Compared to the controls, the OCD patients also expressed significantly lower level of emotional intelligence for using to facilitate thinking (p<0.0001) and managing emotions (p<0.0001). After 4-month pharmacotherapy for 21 OCD patients, Y-BOCS scores significantly decreased while self-report tests showed no meaningful differences from baseline assessments. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that patients with OCD may have some differences in behavioral and affective tendencies including behavioral inhibition, impulsiveness, anger experiences, and emotional patterns. And short term pharmacotherapy during 4 months improved the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms but didn't influence these traits. These results provide some perspectives about possible vulnerability or trait markers of OCD. Further research is needed to examine the effects of long term treatment and other investigation might be helpful to assess the relationships between these behavioral and affective aspects and clinical phenotypes of OCD.
Anger ; Emotional Intelligence ; Humans ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Phenotype ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Temperament ; Thinking

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Extracellular Fluid* ; Female ; Humans

We report an unusual case of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma combined with sinusitis in an AIDS patient. A 39-year-old male presented with sinusitis as initial manifestation. A nasal endoscopy revealed nasal polyposis with mucopurulent discharge in both middle meatus and paranasal sinus (PNS) CT scans demonstrated pansinusitis without lamina papyracea or skull base defect. He received antiretroviral and antibiotics therapy due to low CD4 count representing immunocompromised state. The patient was not followed up for observation and he returned with reduced right visual acuity and diplopia, and proptosis after 6 months. A PNS CT scan showed bilateral sinonasal polyposis with pansinusitis and soft tissue density in the right orbit and frontal lobe through bone defect of lamina papyracea and skull base. Endoscopic sinus surgery for orbital decompression and biopsy of intraorbital mass was performed under general anesthesia. The mass was infiltrated into orbital contents and was confirmed as an diffused large B-cell lymphoma with anaplastic variant. The patient received radiotherapy because his general condition was poor. Proptosis and ocular pain were decreased; however, he complained of a persistent headache. Brain CT and MRI showed diffused parenchymal edema around brain abscess in the right frontal lobe. Stereotactic evacuation of the right brain abscess was performed. He has no specific complaints for the last 14 months and antiretroviral therapy is concluded at the present.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Brain Abscess ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Decompression ; Diplopia ; Edema ; Endoscopy ; Exophthalmos ; Frontal Lobe ; Headache ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Orbit ; Radiotherapy ; Sinusitis* ; Skull Base ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Visual Acuity

Mazabraud syndrome (MS) is a rare and sporadic disorder. It is mainly characterized by fibrous dysplasia (FD) of single or multiple bones and intramuscular myxomas (IM). Data on the prevalence since it was first reported, clinical features, and prognosis are extremely scarce. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with IM and polyostotic FD. She also had multiple cafe’-au-lait spots suggestive of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS). On magnetic resonance imaging, there are masses with well-defined heterogeneous enhancement, accompanied by an inner cyst in the vastus lateralis muscle and femur. These radiological results are identical to those of FD. After surgical intervention with excision of intramuscular soft-tissue mass, a diagnosis of IM of MS was confirmed. Given that cafe’-au-lait spots also appeared, the patient was diagnosed with a variant of MS with some of the clinical characteristics of MAS.

Sedation, defined as the depressed level of consciousness, induced by drug administration, is widely used for gastrointestinal endoscopy to relieve a patient’s anxiety and discomfort. In addition, successful procedure is anticipated with control of unintended movements. Endoscopic sedation, however, cannot be free from the risk of serious adverse events, e.g., cardiopulmonary compromise. Therefore, principles on personnel, facility and equipment, as well as performance itself, should be followed to prevent unfavorable incidents. In this article, sedation guidelines for the Accreditation of Qualified Endoscopy Units, issued by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, are presented.
Accreditation ; Anxiety ; Consciousness Disorders ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Oximetry

Background and objectives: To compare the safety and efficacy of a new everolimus-eluting stent with an abluminal-coated biodegradable polymer (Osstem Cardiotec Centum) with those of the Xience Alpine stent (Xience). Methods: This randomized, prospective, multicenter, parallel-designed, single-blind trial was conducted among patients with myocardial ischemia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 21st September 2018 until 3rd July 2020. The primary efficacy endpoint was in-segment late lumen loss (LLL) at 270 days after the procedure and the primary safety endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACE), composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. Results: We enrolled 121 patients and analyzed 113 patients who finished 270 days of followup for the primary efficacy endpoint. The mean age of the participants was 66.8 years. As for the primary efficacy endpoint, LLL of the Osstem Cardiotec Centum group was 0.09±0.13 mm and that of the Xience group was 0.12±0.14 mm (upper limit of 1-sided 95% confidence interval, 0.02; p for non-inferiority, 0.0084). This result demonstrates the non-inferiority of the Osstem Cardiotec Centum. As for the primary safety endpoint, MACE occurred in one patient (1.59% of the Xience group). Meanwhile, no MACE occurred in the Osstem Cardiotec Centum group. Conclusions The Osstem Cardiotec Centum is non-inferior to the Xience Alpine ® stent and is confirmed to be safe. It could be safely and effectively applied to patients with coronary artery disease undergoing PCI.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Insertion of self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) has become an established option for the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). However, stent occlusion by tumor ingrowth is still an unsolved problem. To overcome this problem, membrane-covered SEMSs have been developed. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of membrane-covered SEMS versus plastic stent in the treatment of MBO. METHODS: Between Jan 2001 and Jul 2002, 57 patients with unresectable MBO who initially had plastic stents inserted were randomized to receive either plastic stent and membrane-covered SEMSs after initial plastic stent failure. RESULTS: Placement of either plastic stents or membrane-covered SEMs was successful in all patients. Mean patency duration of stents were significantly longer in membrane-covered SEMS group (189 days) than in plastic stent group (82 days) (p=0.01). The causes of stent failure were occlusion in 10 cases and migration in 1 case in membrane-covered SEMS group. Of these occluded 10 cases, tumor ingrowth was noted in 7, tumor overgrowth in 2, and biliary incrustation in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Membrane-covered SEMS has a longer patency than plastic stent. However, new membrane covering material is needed to prevent tumor ingrowth more effectively.
Humans ; Membranes ; Plastics* ; Stents*