PURPOSE: Choledochal cyst is a rare malformation of the pancreatobiliary ductal system, manifested by dilatation of biliary tree with or without anomalous insertion of the common bile duct into pancreatic duct. The purpose of this study is to review the incidence of anomalous pancreatobiliary union(PBU) and the shape of common bile duct based on the angle of pancreatic duct and common bile duct union. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed cholangiopancreatographic findings of 21 patients with choledochal cyst, emphasizing PBU. The PBU was classified into acute-angled PBU, right-angled PBU, normal PBU, and unknown PBU on the basis of common bile duct insertion to pancreatic duct. The shape of common bile duct dilatation was evaluated with regard to angle of PBU. RESULTS: Fourteen of 21 patients had anomalous PBU with slender or ectatic form of common channels. Three patients had normal opening of common bile duct and pancreatic duct, and in remaining 4 patients the PBU was not visualized. Among 14 patients with PBU, 5 patients had right-angled PBU and 9 patients had acute-angled PBU. Cystic form of common bile duct dilatation was seen in 13 patients and cylindrical form was in 8 patients. Cystic dilatation of common bile duct was seen in 4 patients out of 5 right-angled PBU. CONCLUSION: Patients with choledochal cyst had high incidence of anomalous PBU with common channel (67%). The shape of common bile duct dilatation was cystic in 62% of patients, and the right-angled PBU was prone to be cystic dilatation (80%).
Biliary Tract ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Common Bile Duct ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pancreatic Ducts

No abstract available.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome*

Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the esophagus is a rare condition and usually extends from the mid-esophagus to the proximal third of the stomach. Macroscopically, there is a marked diffuse thickening of the esophageal wall, with or without nodularity, predominantly affecting the circular muscle coat. Microscopically, the disorder is characterized by the loss of the normal orientation of the smooth muscle fibers of all three layers. We report a case in a 37-year-old woman which was incidentally discovered at exploratory thoracotomy.
Female ; Humans

A statistical analysis of the diagnostic value for 244 aspiration biopsy cytology(ABC) among a total 1,043 cases from various sites was performed. ABC, using diagnostic terminology similar to that of a surgical pathology reports, was compared to the final tissue diagnosis. For the entire series, a sensitivity of 91.8%, a specificity of 99.3%, a positive predictive value of 98.9%, a negative predictive value of 94.8%, and an efficacy of the test of 96.3% were shown. There were 8 false negative and 1 false positive diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.8%. Those results indicate that the ABC is a considerably highly accurate procedure that should be routinely employed.
Biopsy, Needle ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies ; Meningioma ; Pathology, Surgical ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: Congenital limb anomalies are manifested in various degree of severity and complexity bearing confusion for description and nomenclature of each anomaly. We retrospectively analyzed the roentgenograms of congenital limb anomalies for the purpose of further understanding of radiologic manifestations based on the embryonal defect and also to find the incidence of each anomaly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total number of the patients was 89 with 137 anomalies. Recently the uniform system of classification for congenital anomalies of the upper limb was adopted by International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), which were categorized as 7 classifications. We used the IFSSH classification with some modification as 5 classifications;failure of formation of parts, failure of differentiation of parts, duplications, overgrowth, and undergrowth. RESULTS: The patients with upper limb anomalies were 65 out of 89(73%), lower limb were 21(24%), and both upper and lower limb anomalies were 3(4%). Failure of formation was seen in 18%, failure of differentiation 39%, duplications 39%, overgrowth 8%, and undergrowth in 12%. Thirty-five patients had more than one anomaly, and 14 patients had intergroup anomalies. CONCLUSION: The upper limb anomalies were more common than lower limb. Among the anomalies, failure of differentiation and duplications were the most common types of congenital limb anomalies. Patients with failure of formation, failure of differentiation, and undergrowth had intergroup association of anomalies, but duplication and overgrowth tended to be isolated anomalies.
Classification ; Extremities* ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Retrospective Studies ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the characteristic CT and MR findings in persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV) and to compare the detectability of those findings in each modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated CT and MR findings in 32 patients with PHPV. Twenty-five patients had CT, 13 patients had MR, and 6 patients had both CT and MR. RESULTS: Major findings of PHPV in 32 patients on both imaging modalities were lens deformity(78%), shallow anterior chamber(72%), heterogeneous vitreous opacity(72%), enhancing hyaloid artery or remnant of fibrotic hand(69%), and microophthalmos(67%). Minor findings were retinal detachment(22%), and vitreous hemorrhage(6%). In MRI, lens deformity(92%) and shallow anterior chamber(85%) were detected most commonly whereas in CT, opaque vitreous(80%) was the most common finding. Findings of enhancing hyaloid vessel or remnant of fibrotic band, considered characteristic of PHPV, were more commonly detectable in MR (85%) than CT(52%). CONCLUSION: Characteristic MR and CT findings of PHPV were lena deformity, shallow anterior chanber, heterogeneons vitreons opacity, enhanciny hgalind artery or remnant fibrotic band, and microphthalmos. MR seemed to be more useful than CT in detecting Globe pathology.
Arteries ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microphthalmos ; Pathology ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: As information technology evolves rapidly computer-based surveillance systems for nosocomial infection have been developed. Well designed computerized system could provide an opportunity for improving, enlarging, and conducting hospital-wide surveillance more efficiently in the situation with limited resources. Recently, we launched a new computerized monitoring system in a hospital where digital medical information system has been operated without paper chart. METHODS: We developed a new surveillance program based on the total Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. Numerous critical medical information can be easily accessible through this system without further work. This includes major demographic data, essential information from the inpatient medical record, the laboratory information system, and the pharmacy information, Comprehensive Clinical Data Repository (CDR) system was also developed. CDR is potentially very useful to conduct a hospital-wide surveillance by integrating all the available information. RESULTS: This system consists of several programs in the EMR and the CDR environment. In the EMR system, inquiry for patients with fever, case ascertainment and registration of nosocomial infections, inquiry for patients with indwelling devices, microbiological reports, and data on antibiotic prescriptions were included. The CDR has integrated comprehensive inquiries for frequency of major pathogens in clinical isolates and their trends of antibiotic resistance, nosocomial infection rates based on the duration of the devices or hospitalization, and the history of antimicrobial usage based on defined daily dosage. Data obtained from the EMR and the CDR systems could be easily accessed by infectious diseases specialists and healthcare workers of infection control services at any place within the hospital. A new reporting system has been built up to facilitate identification of notifiable diseases among the list of diagnoses on the EMR. In addition, the "Alert" notice was designed to highlight isolation precautions for indicated cases. CONCLUSION: This new computerized surveillance program might be a valuable model to which other hospitals can refer to develop newer version of programs in the future.
Clinical Laboratory Information Systems ; Communicable Diseases ; Cross Infection ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Electronic Health Records* ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Information Systems ; Inpatients ; Medical Records ; Pharmacy ; Prescriptions ; Specialization

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Humans ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases*

Management of hyperglycemia limits progression of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). According to large-scale randomized control studies to demonstrate the cardiovascular safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors showed not only cardiovascular safety, but also cardiovascular benefits. Heart failure is adequately prevented by SGLT2 inhibitors regardless of history of heart failure. Additionally, SGLT inhibitors also showed renal protective benefits in slowing the decline of glomerular filtration rate and reducing proteinuria. SGLT2 inhibitors are beneficial to T2DM patients with established cardiovascular disease, high risk of heart failure, and renal impairment. As oral hypoglycemic agents, SGLT2 inhibitors not only control the serum glucose level, but also reduce the macrovascular complications of T2DM.
Blood Glucose ; Canagliflozin ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Proteinuria