Recently, the bcl-2 and p53 protein have been recognized as important factors that is contributed to programmed cell death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of bcl-2 and p53 protein expression in uterine cervical carcinoma. The expression of bcl-2 and p53 in 59 cases of uterine cervical carcinoma (stage IB to IIB) were surgically treated from January 1993 to June 1994. The expression of bcl-2 and p53 was examined by immunohistochemical method using formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens. The 48 cases were squamous cell carcinoma and 11 cases were adenocarcinoma. The results were as follows: 1. The expression rate of bcl-2 protein was 28.8%(17/59) and there was no significant correlaltion between the expression of bcl-2 protein and the clinicopathologic parameters (histologic type, grade, FIGO stage, cervical invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, parametrial invasion, tumor size, neoadjuvant chemotherapy response, recurrence, survival). 2. The expression rate of p53 protein was 32.2%(19/59) and there was no significant correlation between expression of p53 protein and the clinicopathologic parameters. 3. There was significant correlation between and expression of bcl-2 and p53 protein (P 0.05). In conclusion, bcl-2 and p53 protein are thought to be possible factors in the carcinogenesis of uterine cervical carcinoma and correlate with progression of it. But further study will be required to clarify the role of bcl-2 and p53 in carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Death ; Cervix Uteri ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Recurrence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cytosine Deaminase* ; Cytosine* ; Genetic Therapy* ; Osteocalcin* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

Cranial mononeuropathies, manifesting particulary as opthalmoplegia or facial palsy, are common entities in the dia-betic population. However, sequential multiple cranial neuropathies due to diabetes are much less common. It is often associated with other conditions such as a brain tumor or head trauma. A 61-year-old diabetic man presented with ptosis, opthalmoplegia, and facial palsy which were manifestations of multiple cranial neuropathies involving the left 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 7th cranial nerves throughout five weeks. The pupils were not involved. The neurologic evaluation included a CSF study and a brain MRI with MRA. None of them produced any significant results. Blink reflexes revealed evidence of a left facial nerve lesion. The blood glucose was strictly controlled and steroid therapy was administered. The ptosis of the patientanjx left eyelid improved during treatment and he was discharged after 13 days. In a follow-up examination 3 months after onset, focal neurological deficits including opthalmoplegia and facial palsy on the left side were greatly improved and barely noticeable.
Blinking ; Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cranial Nerve Diseases* ; Cranial Nerves ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Eyelids ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Paralysis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Mononeuropathies ; Pupil

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the clinicopathologic features, recurrent rate, survival rate and controversable issues in the treatment of the ovarian malignant germ cell tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From August, 1991 to November, 1998 thirty-one patients with malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary treated in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Kosin University Medical college, were eligible and assessable. Demographic characteristics, symptoms, signs, stage, tumor grade, mode of therapy and results of follow up were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The patients with malignant germ cell tumor constituted 6.37% of all ovarian malignancies during this period. Histologic subtypes were 8 dysgerminoma(25.8%), 7 endodermal sinus tumor(22.6%), 10 immature teratoma(32.3%), 3 mixed germ cell tumor(9.7%), 3 choriocarcinoma(9.7%). The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 40 years (mean +/-S.D.; 24.26 +/- 7.51). The most common symptom was abdominal pain(38.7%). Most had stageI(18 cases, 58.0%) or stageIII(5 cases, 16.2%) diseases. All patients underwent surgery as the initial treatment, and nine patients received more than one operation. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens were VAC, VBP, EP, BEP, EMA, and EMA CO. The mean follow up duration was 26.0(+/- S.D.; +/- 20.3) months. The 2-year and 5-year survival rate were 91.97%(+/- S.E.; +/- 0.05) and 86.86%(+/- S.E.; +/- 0.07).
Endoderm ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germ Cells* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Obstetrics ; Ovary ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Patients who have repaired cleft lip and palate generally undergo restriction of maxillary growth. Concave facial profile is often exhibited with relatively normalized mandible. Horizontal and sagittal deficiency of the maxilla could cause anterior and posterior crossbites. In growing patients, orthodontic and orthopedic treatment is acceptable with maxillary expansion and protraction. However, surgical approach has to be accompanied with orthodontic treatment in skeletally matured patients. We used SARPE and BSSRO to expand the constricted maxilla and retract the mandible in a patient who had cleft palate repaired in infancy. Through SARPE, orthodontic treatment and BSSRO, we sufficiently expanded the maxillla and improved facial profile.
Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthopedics ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; Palate

Patients who have repaired cleft lip and palate generally undergo restriction of maxillary growth. Concave facial profile is often exhibited with relatively normalized mandible. Horizontal and sagittal deficiency of the maxilla could cause anterior and posterior crossbites. In growing patients, orthodontic and orthopedic treatment is acceptable with maxillary expansion and protraction. However, surgical approach has to be accompanied with orthodontic treatment in skeletally matured patients. We used SARPE and BSSRO to expand the constricted maxilla and retract the mandible in a patient who had cleft palate repaired in infancy. Through SARPE, orthodontic treatment and BSSRO, we sufficiently expanded the maxillla and improved facial profile.
Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthopedics ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; Palate

Nucleolar organizer regions(NORs) contain coding genes for ribosomal RNA and contribute the regulation of cellular protein synthesis. AgNORs numbers correlate with growth fraction and have been reported the AgNORs counts may have a diagnostic and prognostic utility in other human tumors. We investigated the diagnostic usefulness of AgNORs staining technique as a discriminant for malignancy and assessed the value as a potential method for the estimation of cell kinetics. In addition. we compared the AgNOR counts with flow cytometric analysis of ploidy, S-phase fraction, proliferation index, and PCNA expression rate. There was a statistically significant difference of AgNORs counts between superficial bladder tumor and invasive bladder tumor. But there was no relationship between the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus and histological grade. DNA aneuploid group was associated with higher AgNORs counts than diploid group, but the difference was statistically insignificant. The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus had significant relationship to SPF(r=0.43, p<0.05) and PI(r=0.41, p<0.05.) We concluded that this method alone does not offer a reliable histological discriminant for malignancy. Further studies are needed to confirm that AgNORs counting is a useful method for evaluating the proliferative activity and this technique may serve as a prognostic factor additional to the current histopathological grading criteria of the bladder cancer.
Aneuploidy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Clinical Coding ; Diploidy ; DNA ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Ploidies ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; RNA, Ribosomal ; Silver* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was assessed immunohistochemically in 47 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 3 cases of normal bladder with anti- PCNA/cyclin monoclonal antibody, using routinely processed tissue sections without interferring with histopathological diagnosis. The PCNA expression rates were compared with Ash histologic grade and clinical stage. In bladder cancer, the PCNA expression rate ranged from 3.8% to 32.7 % (mean value 11.2 %). Bladder cancer with Ash grade IV showed the highest PCNA expression rate (mean value 15.8 % ) and cancer with Ash grade I showed the lowest PCNA expression rate (mean value 8.3%). There were statistically significant differences of PCNA expression rates according to Ash grades (P=0.02. Kruskal-Wellis test). When clinical stage was analyzed to assess the relationship to PCNA expression rate invasive bladder cancers were associated ith higher PCNA expression rate then superficial bladder cancer (mean value of stage A; 8.7 %, stage B and C; 16.5 %). and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.003. Kruskal-Wallis test). Also, there was positive linear relationship between PCNA expression rate and Ash grade with regression analysis (r=0.573, P<0.0001, Y=4.41X +0.79). These results suggest that PCNA is useful as a unclear antigenic marker of cellular proliferation and offers an opportunity for analyzing cell kinetics successfully in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embeded tissue sections of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. It will be merited as a simple and powerful method to detect transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with high potential of invasion, metastasis and clinical progression.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cell Proliferation ; Diagnosis ; Kinetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

To evaluate the process of tumor progression in chemical carcinogenesis of the bladder cancer. 0.05% BBN was administered to female Wistar rats for 12 weeks. The rats were divided into six groups and sacrificed every or every two weeks from the 12th to the 20th weeks. Cellular touch imprints of urinary bladder for DNA content analysis by image analyzer and mean AgNORs count per nucleus were performed immediately after sacrifice. Thereafter, the urinary bladder was embedded in paraffin for histopathological examination.On histopathological findings, simple hyperplasia was found in all cases after 12 weeks therapy of BBN. Atypical hyperplasia of the bladder, indicative of a precancerous state, was found in 88.9% of the 12 weeks group, 83.3% of the 13 weeks and in all cases after 14 weeks therapy of the BBN. Bladder cancer was found in 33.3% of the 13 weeks, 55.6% of the 14 weeks, and 100% of the above 16 weeks therapy group. The nuclear DNA content of 21 cases of atypical hyperplasia was diploid in 19 cases(91.5%) and aneuploid in 2 cases(9.5%). DNA aneuploidy was found in 18 cases(66.7%) among the 27 cases of the cancer group. Mean AgNORs count per nucleus and proliferation index by flowcytometry were higher in atypical hyperplasia and cancer group than these of simple hyperplasia and control group, but those differences according to histologic type were not statistically significant. And there was statistically significant correlation between proliferation index and mean AgNORs count per nucleus(r=0.57, p<0.05). These data suggest that the change of nuclear DNA content might occur during the early phase of the carcinogenesis in BBN-induced bladder cancer of rats.
Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Diploidy ; DNA* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Paraffin ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*