OBJECTIVES: Physical exercise has become popular in recent years. It has been known that exercise is related to the development of heartburn, belching, regurgitation and chest pain. However there are few data concerning the effect of exercise on esophageal motor function and gastroesophageal reflux. We evaluated the effect of exercise intensity on esophageal motor activity and gastroesophageal reflux. METHODS: We studied healthy volunteers (15 males, age: 28+/-5 years, BW: 68+/-10kg) using a 24 hours ambulatory esophageal pressure, pH catheter and portable digital data recorder (Microdigitrapper 4Mb, Synetics Medical, Sweden). Subjects exercised on a treadmill (Marquette Case 15 Electronic INC) at 50% and 70% maximal heart rate for 30 min. Subjects rested 2 hours before exercise (base line) and for 30 min between exercise sessions. RESULTS: 1) Exercise of 50% maximal heart rate reduced total contraction, contraction duration, percentage of simultaneous contraction and repetitive contraction, (P<0.05) but increased percentage of contractions above 20mmHg amplitude (P<0.05). 2) Exercise of 70% maximal heart rate decreased total contraction, esophageal amplitude, contraction duration and percentage of peristaltic contraction, (P<0.05) but increased percentage of simultaneous contraction (P<0.05). 3) Gastroesophageal reflux was not change on both 50% maximal heart rate and 70% maximal heart rate exercise. CONCLUSION: More propulsive esophageal motility are induced following exercise of 50% maximal heart rate, but not 70% maximal heart rate.
Catheters ; Chest Pain ; Eructation ; Exercise ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate ; Heartburn ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Running*

Purpose: This study examined the changes in the body mass index (BMI) and the effects of BMI on the knee function and risk factors for an increase in BMI after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Asians. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 cases of TKA performed by one surgeon. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 . The BMI and Knee Society Score, consisting of the Knee Score and Function Score, were measured on the day before surgery and one year after surgery. Results: The BMI decreased or was maintained in 34 cases (34%) and increased in 66 cases (66%) one year after surgery. An increase in BMI of 5% or more was considered a clinically significant increase in BMI and occurred in 28 cases (28%). The patients with an increased BMI by more than 5% showed a significantly lower knee function score. The age and preoperative function score were significantly associated with an increased BMI by more than 5%. As the age increased by one year, the odds ratio at which the BMI would increase by more than 5% one year after surgery was 0.905. Moreover, as the preoperative function score increased by one point, the odds ratio that the BMI would increase by 5% one year after surgery was 0.902. In other words, a younger preoperative age and a lower preoperative function score mean a higher risk of a more than 5% postoperative increase in BMI. Conclusion The BMI increased by more than 5% one year after surgery in 28% of the TKA patients examined. They had a lower functional score. The risk factors for a more than 5% increase in BMI after TKA were young age and a low preoperative function score. Therefore, surgeons should educate patients, particularly those who are young or have a low preoperative function score, so that the patient’s BMI would not increase after surgery.

Retear patterns after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair are classified into two patterns according to retear location. Type 1 is when the retear pattern occurs directly on the tendon at the bone repair site using the suture anchor repair method. Type 2 is when the retear pattern occurs at the musculocutaneous junction with a healed footprint in patients who undergo the suture bridge method. Here, the authors report another retear pattern, which was identified as a type 2 retear on magnetic resonance imaging in patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair by the suture-bridge technique. This pattern was different from the type 2 retear and occurred at the portion of the cuff away from the healed rotator cuff under the view of the arthroscope.
Arthroscopes ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Rotator Cuff* ; Suture Anchors ; Sutures ; Tendons

No abstract available.
Infusions, Intraosseous* ; Resuscitation* ; Shock, Hemorrhagic*

No abstract available.
Resuscitation* ; Shock, Hemorrhagic*

To cover soft tissue defect, various types of flaps have been used. Although lateral supramalleolar flap has been used as rotation flaps or reversed island flaps to cover defects around the foot and ankle, there has been no report about its application as a free flap. The lateral supramalleolar island flap has proves to be supplied constantly by the terminal branch of the peroneal arterys perforating branch. The free lateral supramalleolar flap has the same skin territory. Its vascular pedicle can be extended to the main peroneal artery and vena comitans, which can be obtained by dissecting the peroneal vessels between the distal tibia and fibula through the interosseous membrane. We have successfully transferred this free flap in eight patients from April 1994 to February 1995. All of the patients had full thickness skin defects which were caused by contact thermal burn, electrical burn, flame burn or traffic accident. There were no complications. From our experience, we feel that this new free flap have some advantages, induding vascular anatomy and long pedicle with large diameter and a relatively thin flap with minimal morbidity of donor site.
Accidents, Traffic ; Ankle ; Arteries ; Burns ; Fibula ; Foot ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Humans ; Membranes ; Skin ; Surgical Flaps ; Tibia ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Corpus Striatum* ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptides* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Cholesterol* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do* ; Triglycerides*

Clinical observarions were done on 616 cases of cerebrovasculae accidents treated as inpatients at the Sung-Sim hospital, Chung-Ang university over a period of 8 years, from January, 1981 to Agust, 1988. The results were as follows; 1) Of 616 cases of cerebrovascular accidents, cerebral hemorrhage was presented in 56.82%, cerebral thrombosis in 28.57%, subarachnoid hemorrhage in 12.66%, cerebral embolism in 1.95%. 2) The ratio of male to female was 1.01:1. 3) The cerebrovascular accidents were most common in the sixth decade and followed by the fifth and fourth in turn. 4) The seasonal incidence was in order of frequency of Spring, Winter, Autumn and Summer. 5) Among disease preceding the onset of cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension was noted at 75% in cases of cerebral hemorrhge, 61% in cerebral thrombosis and 73% in subarachnoid hemorrhge. 6) The mean duration of underlying hypertension was 13.7 years in cerebral emorrhge, 15.3 years in cerebral thrombosis, 12.2 years in subarachnoid hemorrhage and 14.8 years in cerebral embolism. 7) Major precipitating factor in cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage was thought to be physical activity, whereas cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism frequently occured during sleeping or resting state. 8) The mean cholesterol level were 204.1mg% in cerebral hemorrhage, 214.9mg% in cerebral thrombosis, 211.7mg% in subaraachnoid hemorrhage and 217.0mg% in cerebral embolism. 9) The mortality rate was 12.2% in total, 16.6% in cerebral hemorrhage 2.3% in cerebral thrombosis, 15.45 in subarachnoid hemorrhage and 25% in cerebral embolism.
Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Intracranial Embolism ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Male ; Mortality ; Motor Activity ; Precipitating Factors ; Seasons ; Stroke* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the extent of involvement in the results of cementless THA in patients with idiopathic AVN of the femoral head. We reviewed 70 hips (52 patients) who had undergone cementless THA for idiopathic AVN of the femoral head. Anatomic femoral components were used in 43 hips and Harris Galante porous prosthesis were employed in 27 cases. The hips were classified according to International Classification (Association Research Circulation Osseous). The length of the follow-up period ranged from 3 to 5 years (average 53.5 months). Preoperative and postoperative clinical documentation and radiographs were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed on the results of three analysis groups (Group A, comparison of results among Stage IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, and IV; Group B, between stage III and IV; Group C, between IIIA+IIIB and IIIC + IV). Of the 70 hips in the present study, there were 47 hips in stage III (IIIA, 15; IIIB, 19; IIIC, 13) and 23 hips in stage IV. The average postoperative Harris hip score at the time of study was 91.5 (Analysis Group C, p=.009). Femoral subsidence of more than 5 mm occurred in 5 hips (7.1%). Two hips were in Stage IIIC and three hips were in Stage IV (Group C, p=.024). The hips lower than -10 on Engh's index were present in one hip in Stage IIIC and three hips in Stage IV (Group C, p=.011). This study demonstrated that the clinical and radiological results of cementless THA were poor when the extent of involvement was greater or in the case of late stage subjects, particularly those above IIIC (p<05), with avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head* ; Hip ; Humans ; Necrosis* ; Prostheses and Implants