BACKGROUND: If two or more doctors prescribe for one patient, each doctor must be careful to minimize the number of drugs and the frequency of admistration, and also be careful to avoid duplicating drugs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness of prescription for the patient who visits two or more doctors. METHODS: In a tertiary hospital, outpatients who received prescriptions simultaneously from two or more doctors were selected, and the number of drugs, the frequency of admistration and duplication of drugs were evaluated. RESULTS: The number of eligible patients was 887. The number of drugs was 5.2 for patients who visited 2 doctors, and 8.1 for patients who visited 3 doctors. 13% of patients who visited 2 doctors received more than 8 drugs, and 32.6% of patients who visited 3 doctors received more than 10 drugs. The frequency of administration per day was 3.7 for patients who visited 2 doctors, and 5.0 for patients who visited 3 doctors. 12% of patients who visited 2 doctors had to take drug more than 6 times a day and 9.3% of patients who visited 3 doctors had to take drug more than 8 times a day. 9.2% of total patients received duplicated drugs. The duplication of drugs was more frequent among patients who visited 2 doctors than who visited 3 doctors. CONCLUSIONS: For the patients who visited two or more doctors, the number of drugs and frequency of admistration was inappropriate and duplication of drugs was found, therefore the doctors should make more efforts to avoid inappropriate prescription.
Drug Prescriptions* ; Humans ; Inappropriate Prescribing ; Outpatients ; Prescriptions ; Tertiary Care Centers

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Swine*

No abstract available.
Catheters*

Fracture of the shaft of the humerus had been treated by many different way, such as hanging cast, shoulder spica cast, abduction splint, and Velpeau bandage, etc, The authors have employed the new trianglar splint designed by ourselves for the 54 cases of fracture of the humeral shaft from Jan., 1965 to Oct., 1976 in the department of Orthopedic surgery of Han-il Hospital. In our experience, the triangular splint method is useful for not only fracture between the head of the humerus and supracondylar region, but also shoulder joint injuries and diseases which need firm immobilization. The triangular splint method has merits, such as spontaneous reduction by the fractured arm weight with gravity, the stability during care, relatively comfort during procedure. Satisfactory results had been obtained by the triangular splint method.
Arm ; Bandages ; Gravitation ; Head ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint ; Splints

Numerous drugs are known to cause seizures with therapeutic use or overdose. However, the relative frequency of such complications has rarely been studied, and little is known about the relationship of drug-induced seizures to eventual medical outcome. This study was performed to determine the causes and consequences of seizure associated with poisoning and drug intoxication. We analyzed about 786 cases of drug intoxication visited to Chung-Ang Gil hospital during recent 4 years from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1996. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The total number of cases of drug intoxication was 786 and the most common drug of intoxication was antihistamines(291 cases, 36.3%); insecticides(113 cases, 14.7%); caustics(90 cases, 11.8%); herbicides(47 cases, 6.1%); NSAID(38 cases, 4.9%); rodenticides(36 cases, 4.6%); acetaminophens(34 cases, 4.4%); anticonvulsants(18 cses, 2.3%); neuroleptics(13 cases, 1.6%); hydrocarbons(9 cases, 1.2%); sympathomimetics(8 cases, 1.0%). 2. The leading causes of seizures were antihistamines(12 cases, 42.8%); insecticides(7 cases, 25.0%); sympathomimetics(3cases, 10.7%); neuroleptics(2 cases, 7.2%); others(4 cases, 14.3%). 3. Seizures associated with antihistamines were generally brief(11 cases, 92.0%) and uncomplicated(3 cases, 25.0%). 4. Seizures incidence by drug intoxication was relatively high in sympathomimetics(3 cases, 35.7%); and neuroleptics(2 cases, 15.4%). 5. Poisoning associated with seizure had relatively high risk compared with non seizure poisoning for medical complication.
Drug Overdose* ; Histamine Antagonists ; Incidence ; Poisoning* ; Seizures*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural model on the Nursing Task Performance of Hospital Nurses. METHODS: Data collection was done by the 200 hospital nurses from May 1st to May 20th, 2013 in Seoul city. The sample variance-covariance matrix was analyzed using AMOS 19.0 and the maximum likelihood minimization function. The goodness of fit was evaluated using the SRMR, RMSEA and its 90% confidence interval, CFI, and TLI. RESULTS: First, hospital nurses' organizational justice and empowerment was not found to have a significant direct effect on nursing task performance. Second, organizational justice and empowerment had a direct effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Third, organizational commitment was found to have a significant direct effect on nursing task performance. Forth, hospital nurses' empowerment was found to have a significant direct effect on nursing task performance. CONCLUSION: Nurses' nursing task performance was influenced by organizational justice, empowerment, and organizational commitment. In order to increase the degree of nursing task performance in hospital nurse, it is necessary to develop the nursing program and its application considering hospital nurses' organizational justice and empowerment and organizational commitment.
Data Collection ; Job Satisfaction* ; Models, Structural ; Negotiating* ; Nursing* ; Power (Psychology)* ; Seoul ; Social Justice* ; Task Performance and Analysis*

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are uncommon and a relatively small subset of GISTs whose optimal surgical procedure has not been well defined. Because submucosal spread and local lymph node involvement is infrequent in GISTs, wide margins with routine lymph node dissection may not be required. Various techniques of limited resection for duodenal GISTs have been described depending on the site and the size of the tumors. In this study, we report two cases of GIST involving the third and fourth portion of the duodenum successfully treated by segmental duodenectomy with end-to-end duodenojejunostomy. This technique should be considered as a treatment option for GIST located at the third and fourth portion of the duodenum.
Duodenum ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes

BACKGROUND: Cosmetics are one of the common causes of contact dermatitis and many new cosmetic products are being introduced rapidly into our market. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the as is patch test result by several factors including age, cosmetic product and atopic diseases, and to compare as is patch result with those of standard and cosmetic patch tests. METHODS: The records of 240 patients were reviewed who had been patch tested with their own cosmetics and toiletries with a clinical impression of cosmetic contact dermatitis at the patch clinic of Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital in the period of 1991-1995. RESULTS: Of the 95 patients who were tested with European standard series 54 (56.8%) showed a positive reaction and nickel sulfate was the most common allergen. Eighteen (38.3%) of the 47 patients tested with a cosmetic series revealed a positive reaction and imidazolidinyl urea and dodecyl gallate were the most common allergens. In as is patch test, 99 (41.3%) of the 240 patients showed a positive reaction to 248 (7.3%) of the 3403 cosmetics. Common cosmetic products showing positive reactions were skin care products (26.2%), face make-ups (19.8%), and hair preparations (16.9%). There was no statistically significant difference in the positive reaction rate between atopy and non-atopy patients. The positive correlation rate of as is test with standard and cosmetic series was relatively low. CONCLUSION: Commercial standard patch test series including cosmetic series are not enough to detect causative allergen in cosmetic contact dermatitis. As is patch test should be encouraged to detect new allergens, because many cosmetic ingredients are developed and introduced in market.
Allergens ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Hair Preparations ; Humans ; Nickel ; Patch Tests* ; Skin Care ; Urea

The superior volume maintenance of membranous over endochondral bone grafts, which was shown in several studies has provided the basis for its preferred clinical use as an onlay grafting material on the craniofacial skeleton. The scientific rationale for this seeming embryological advantage, however, has never been proven, Since the cortical component of membranous bone is proportionally greater than that of endochondral bone, it follows that membranous grafts would show greater volume maintenance over time. Our hypothesis is that the pattern of onlay bone graft resorption is primarily determined by a graft's micro-architecture (relative cortical and cancellous composition) rather than its embryololgical origin(membranous versus endochondral). Fourty adult New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. There were 8 animals in each of 4 groups. The rabbits of each group were sacrificed at 3, 8, and 16 weeks. Four types of grafts were placed subperosteally, onto each rabbit's cranium: a hydroxyapatite, a cortical bone graft of membranous origin, a cortical bone graft of endochondral origin and a cancellous bone graft of endochondral origin. Membranous bone grafts were obtained from the lateral mandible and endochondral bone grafts were obtained from the ileum. In order to determine post-sacrifice volume and density of the bone grafts, a caliper technique and bone densitometry(bone densitometer: LUNAR, DPX-L, U.S.A.) were performed on all of the bone grafts. Bone graft specimens were histologically examined at 3, 8, and 16 weeks.The measurement of volume and density show that there is a statistically greater resumption in the cancellous endochondral bone grafts for all parameter, compared to either the endochondral or membranous cortical bone grafts or hydroxyapatite at all time points(p< 0.05). In addition, there is no significant difference in the resorption rates between the endochondral and membranous cortical bone grafts for all parameters at all time points. By placing cortical bone grafts and cancellous bone grafts on the recipient sites separately, we have shown that the former grafts maintain their volumes, widths and projections significantly better than the latter grafts. Futhermore, we found no statistical difference in resorption rates between the two cortical bone grafts of different embryologic origins, a finding which has never been previously shown. Bone volume fraction, measured with bone densitometry, was shown to be higher in cortical bone than in cancellous bone at all time points, further illustrating the differences between cortical and cancellous bone.From our results, we believe cortical bone to be a superior onlay-graftiong material, independent of its embryololgic origin.
Adult ; Animals ; Biological Factors* ; Densitometry ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Ileum ; Inlays* ; Mandible ; Rabbits ; Skeleton* ; Skull ; Transplants*