OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of different ignition locations of moxa stick on temperature of needle body and surrounding environment during warm needling, so as to provide experimental references for clinical manipulation.

METHODSA high-accuracy infrared temperature measuring instrument was applied during warm needling to measure the temperature of needle body and surrounding environment at different ignition locations. The ignition method was divided into 2 ignition types with 4 measuring locations. The first method was to ignite moxa stick from upper-end to measure the temperature of needle body and surrounding environment 2 cm and 3 cm away from bottom-end of moxa stick; the second one was to ignite moxa stick from bottom-end to measure the temperature of needle body and surrounding environment 2 cm and 3 cm away bottom-end of moxa stick. Each ignition method was repeatedly measured for 5 times. The averaging values of measurement results which were processed with superposition method at identical time point were used to draw a temperature curve.

RESULTSWith any identical ignition method, the maintenance time of moxibustion temperature 2 cm away from bottom-end of moxa stick was longer by 3 min compared with that from 3 cm, for bottom-end ignition and upper-end ignition, in the case of 30 degrees C to 35 degrees, more ignition time could be kept from bottom-end ignition; in the case of more than 35 degrees C, the maximum temperature of needle body by upper-end ignition was higher by 5 degrees C than that by bottom-end ignition. The bottom-end ignition could achieve earlier effective initial time of moxibustion temperature. From the curves, bottom-end ignition was characterized by left-shift peak while upper-end ignition was characterized by right-shift peak.

CONCLUSIONThe ignition location of warming needling seems to be reasonable if moxa stick is ignited from bottom end which is 2 to 3 cm away from skin.

Extramedullary infiltration is one of the reasons of relapse and death for leukemia patients.Reaearches increasingly show that extramedullary microenvironment plays a pivotal role on progress and relapse of leukemia.Extramedullary infiltration of leukemia is the result of interactions among many factors and many steps,involving liver,spleen,central nervous system,thymus and other tissues and organs.

Radiation retinopathy is a kind of retinopathy after expose to radiation sources or radiotherapy.In China,it occurs mostly after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.With the development of radiation equipment and radiotherapy technique,the target of treatment is improved and side effects decreased.However,better curative effect may bring longer surviving time and higher incidence of radiation retinopathy eventually.Radiation retinopathy is easily ignored or misdiagnosed as its fundus change is similar to that of some common retinal vascular diseases.Besides,there is no unified and standard treatment for radiation retinopathy.Thus,radiation retinopathy usually leads to incurable vision loss.Oculist and oncologist should pay close attention to this disease.This review focuses on the pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,assistant examination,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and therapeutic method for radiation retinopathy,especially the latest treatment advances in order to achieve early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Objective To observe and evaluate the clinical effects of thymosin ?1 on gastrointestinal carcinoma in elderly patients.Methods Ninety-six aged patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma in the General Hospital of PLA,who had received chemotherapy,were randomly divided into two groups(n=48 for each group): control group and treatment group.Patients in the treatment group received thymosin ?1 by subcutaneous injection in a dose of 1.6mg,the treatment was given once every other day and the whole course lasted for 8 weeks;while patients in the control group received physiological saline solution in the same amount only instead of thymosin.For the patients in both groups,the activities of peripheral blood T cell subsets,such as CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ and natural killer(NK),were measured by flow cytometry before the treatment and in the 2nd,4th,8th week of chemotherapy.The life quality of every patient was evaluated by Karnofsky scores at the same time.Results After the treatment,the Karnofsky scores in the treatment group were much higher than that in the control group(P

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of endoscopic sinus surgery on olfactory disorder caused by chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps, by testing the olfactory function of seventy-four patients before and after endoscopic sinus surgery,and evaluate the outcomes of olfactory dysfunction after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with choinc rhinosinusitis and the related factors. METHOD: The olfactory function of the seventy-four patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps were tested by the T&T olfactory testing method at pre-operation and four weeks,twelve weeks, twenty-four weeks of post-operation. Patients were divided into two groups, according to whether combined with allergic rhinitis. Data were achieved by the scores of endoscopic appearances of Kennedy, and CT staging system of Lund-Mackey. Parallel processing standard endoscopic operation and processing specification during peri operation period. Analysing the degree of olfactory rehabilitation in chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps with allergic rhinitis. RESULT: (1) Compared with the level of olfactory function, significant improvement was found at first month;however, the olfactory function level 4 weeks after operations was significantly statistically different with that 12 weeks and 24 weeks after operations; (2) Lund-Mackey sinus CT higher score is related to the worse degree of postoperative nasal olfactory rehabilitation (P < 0.05). (3) The higher scores of endoscopic appearances of Kennedy is related to the worse degree of postoperative nasal olfactory rehabilitation (P < 0.05). (4) Allergic rhinitis is one of the factors of olfactory rehabilitation in chronic rhinosinusitis with olfactory dysfunction olfactory rehabilitation, the olfactory rehabilitation of patients with allergic rhinitis is worse than that in the patients with no allergic rhinitis. (5) Course of disease is one of the factors of chronic rhinosinusitis with olfactory dysfunction olfactory rehabilitation. Longer the course of disease, worse the olfactory rehabilitation. (6) E osinophil count was related to olfactory rehabilitation in chronic rhinosinusitis with olfactory dysfunction olfactory rehabilitation. Higher Eosinophil count, worse the olfactory rehabilitation. CONCLUSION FESS plays a positive role in the improvement of olfactory impairment in patients with CRS. It is important to protect the olfactory mucous during surgical removal of sinonasal lesions. The standard intraoperative procedure, treatment on allergic rhinitis and regular follow-up after operation are also very important.
Chronic Disease ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nasal Polyps ; complications ; surgery ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Olfaction Disorders ; rehabilitation ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; complications ; Sinusitis ; complications ; surgery ; Smell

Blood Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemoid Reaction ; diagnosis

Objective To evaluate the value of mediastinoscopy in the diagnosis of undifferentiated mediastinal diseases. Methods A total of 35 mediastinoscopies were performed for patients with undifferentiated mediastinal disease from November 1999 to February 2002 and suspicious tissues at peritracheal,retrosternal,subcarinal,or bilateral hilar areas were obtaiued for pathological examination. Results Thirty four of 35 patients with undetermined mediastinal diseases had definite pathologic diagnosis.The diagnosis accuracy was 97%(34/35).Of the 34 patients,18 were diagnosed as malignant accounting for 52.9%.Sixteen of the 34 were diagnosed as benign,accounting for 47.1%.The diagnostic consistency of preoperation and postoperation was 47.1%(16/34).The misdiagnosis of preoperation was 52.9%(18/34).In this series,the benigns were apt to lead to misdiagnosis.10 of 16 patients with benign disease were diagnoscd as initially malignancies,representing 62.5%.In the entire group one patient had complications (2.9%).Yet no perioperative death occurred. Conclusions Mediastinoscopy is a valuable procedure which helps mede a correct diagnosis of mediastinal diseases.Given its safety and usefulness It is suggested that mediastinoscopy should be used routinely in the diagnosis of undifferentiated mediastinal diseases.

1.0 cm) by radiographic examinations, video-mediastinoscopy showed positive results in 30 cases, and negative in 14 cases, in which the surgical exploration found no evidence of metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes. No postoperative complications and mortality were observed. Conclusions Video-mediastinoscopy offers clear operation field, high resolution, convenient application, safety and reliability. We suggest that it be adopted as a routine method in the diagnosis of mediastinal tumor and the staging of lung cancer.

Objective: To compare the clinical value of video-mediastinoscopy (VM) and standard mediastinoscopy(SM) in diagnosis of thoracic diseases. Methods: The clinical data of 100 patients with mediastinoscopy were studied retrospectively. Of them, 54 patients underwent VM, and 46 patients underwent SM. The operative parameters including operating time, complications and post-operative hospital stay, the diagnosis accuracy of undifferentiated mediastinal diseases and the accuracy of perioperative staging of lung cancer were compared. Results: The average operating time in VM group was (53.9?17.2) mins, which was less than that in SM group (69.4?24.7)mins (t=2.05,P

Objective To evaluate the role of mediastinoscopy with biopsy on right trachea-bronchial lymph node (R4) in the diagnosis and pathologic staging of lung cancer. Methods From November 1999 to May 2004, sixty-six patients with lung cancer (47 right and 19 left) received mediastinoscopic biopsy on R4 lymph node. 17 patients were preoperative diagnosed and 49 suspected have lung cancer. The approach included cervical mediastinoscopy in 62 cases, parasternal mediastinoscopy in 1 and cervical combined with parasternal mediastinoscopy in 3. Results In total 66 patients, R4 lymph node positive was found in 49 cases, including 38 patients with right lung cancer and 11 with left lung cancer. The metastasis rate in small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were 100%, 82.2% and 52%, respectively. For 49 preoperatively suspected lung cancer patients, malignant tumor was confirmed by mediastinoscopy with biopsy in 40 and open thoracic surgery in 9. All the operations were successful and the patients recovered smoothly without severe postoperative complications. Conclusion R4 lymph node is one of the most common and important site for the tumor metastasis in lung cancer. Mediastinoscopy with biopsy on R4 lymph node has incomparable advantages in diagnosis and staging lung cancer over other examinations and biopsy on other sites of lymph nodes.