No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

The authors reviewed retrospectively retinal detachment(RD)s following posterior chamber intraocular lens(PC-IOL) implantation by transscleral suture fixation. One hundred twenty-two transscleral fixations of PC-IOL were performed from January, 1990 to December, 1992. The follow-up periods for this series ranged from 12 to 42 months. Six retinal detachments developed in this series. and the incidence of RD was 4.9%. There was no statistical difference between the primary operation group(unplanned posterior capsule rupture during extracapsular cataract extraction, lens dislocation/subluxation) and the secondary operation group(already aphakia after previous cataract surgery). The predisposing factors to RD were myopic eye(p=0.03), postoperative vitreous hemorrhage(p=0.001). In cases with RD, the locations of transscleral fixation sutures almost coincided with the meridians of the retinal breaks. The contributing factors to increased incidence of RD were thought to be vitreous loss during operations, vitreous traction by suturing needle or haptics of IOL, proliferative change by vitreous hemorrhage.
Aphakia ; Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Causality ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Meridians ; Needles ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Sutures ; Traction ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

We analyzed retrospectively 39 cases of 39 patients who had undergone surgery for penetrating ocular injury involving posterior segment to investigate the effect of pars plana vitrectomy on visual outcome and anatomical success. Patients who received surgery between January, 1990 to October, 1994 were included. The patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy were classified to 'vitrectomy group', and those who had not undergone vitrectomy were classified to 'primary repair group'. There were no significant differences in severity of ocular injury between the two groups. The vitrectomy group had significantly better result in functional success(visual result) and the anatomical success. Success rates of the two groups were compared in the presence of poor prognostic factors, including initial visual acuity worse than hand motion, hyphema more than 50%, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, laceration longer than 7mm, located more than 6mm posterior to the limbus. Vitrectomy group showed better results in the presence of each factor.
Hand ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Lacerations ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: In the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells do not undergo apoptosis after separation from the basement membrane. In order to investigate the mechanism by which RPE cells resist apoptosis in PVR, the expression of focal adhesion kinase after cryotherapy was studied. METHODS: After lensectomy and vitrectomy was performed on rabbit eyes, a retinal tear was created. Cryotherapy was applied to the tear site one week after the tear creation. Rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 4 and 7 days after the tear formation and 30 minutes, 1, 4, 7, 9, 21 days after cryotherapy. Eyes were stained with anti-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) antibody. RESULTS: Expression of FAK increased after the tear formation and remained increased until 21days after cryotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that creation of a retinal tear and cryotherapy increases FAK expression and may contribute to resistance to apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Basement Membrane ; Cryotherapy* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases* ; Focal Adhesions* ; Phosphotransferases ; Rabbits ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

The effect of topical steroid application on clinical results of 215 eyes(126 patients) performed with excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) from July 1993 to July 1994 was evaluated, postopertively. The range of myopia was between -2.5 and -11.5 diopter and followed for 9 months after PRK with Summit Omnimed(TM). Topical corticosteroid or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) was not applied for one month after operation in all cases. After one month, in cases of 115 eyes showing myopic regression of more than -1 diopter or stromal haziness of more than grade 1(delayed steroid group; DSG), 0.1% fluorometholone was applied 4 times daily for 4 weeks, then tapered according to the planned schedule. 46.5% (100 eyes, non-steroid group;NSG) did not show the myopic regression nor stromal haziness without treatment of fluorometholone throughout the follow-up period. Uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent and corneal haziness were evaluated 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 week after operation. 73%(73 eyes) of NSG and 27%(30 eyes) of DSG showed a myopia less than 6.0 diopters preoperatively. The proportion of male was 36% in NSG and 50.4% in DSG. 88.1% of male high myopia(>6.0 diopters) needed 0.1% fluorometholone, while 17.6% of female moderate and mild myopia( Appointments and Schedules ; Female ; Fluorometholone ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Male ; Myopia ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Visual Acuity

The C57BL/6J-fe/fe mouse is a coat color mutant. The coat color of the homozygote mouse becomes progressively lighter with advancing age. The faded gene (fe) of C57BL/6J-fe/fe was mapped in a 2.0 cM distal to D10mit191 by our group. To make a high-resolution map, we used the Korean wild mouse (KWHM) for a backcross panel, which was captured in 1995 and has been maintained as an inbred line by our laboratory. In the inter-specific backcross panel (N=400), the fe gene was mapped to 1.0 cM distal to D10mit156. The gene order was defined: centromere -D10mit3/85 (1.3+/-0.6 cM)-D10mit155 (1.3+/-0.6 cM)-D10mit191 (2.0+/-0.7 cM)-D10mit156 (1.0+/-0.5 cM)-fe-D10mit193 (1.3+/-0.6 cM)-D10mit54 (1.0+/-0.5 cM)-D10mit44 (8.5+/-1.4 cM)-D10mit42 (10.0+/-1.5 cM). The measured distance between D10mit191 and D10mit 44 differed in both inter-specific (DBA/2) and intra-specific (KWHM) backcross panels (14.2 vs 13.8 cM). Taken together, our high-resolution linkage map of the fe locus from an intra-specific backcross panel will provide a good entry point to isolate the fe gene.
Animals ; Centromere ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 ; Gene Order ; Hair Color ; Homozygote ; Mice

PURPOSE: To determine the benefit of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of vitreomacular traction syndrome and evaluate the vitreoretinal interface before and after vitreous surgery. METHODS: Medical records of five patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome who had undergone vitrectomy were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and preoperative and postoperative OCT were reviewed. In all patients OCT demonstrated posterior vitreous detachment and a focal adhesion of hyaloid membrane to macula with traction on the foveal retinal tissue. All of them underwent pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of poterior hyaloid face. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved in 4 eyes after the first vitrectomy. One eye developed postoperatively a macular hole, which was treated with the second vitrectomy and intravitreal gas tamponade with subsequent improvement in vision. In 4 eyes, OCT showed elimination of vitreous strand, relief of vitreous traction and restoration of normal foveal contour after vitrectomy. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography is a useful tool in the diagnosis of vitreomacular traction syndrome and in the evaluation of status of vitreoretinal interface before and after vitrectomy. Following pars plana vitrectomy, vision improved and normal foveal contour was restored.
Diagnosis* ; Focal Adhesions ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Membranes ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence* ; Traction* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Detachment

PURPOSE: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is an intractable epilepsy which is comprised of several types of etiology and generalized seizures. It also combines with mental retardation. The present study was made to ascertain the clinical study on Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in Korea. METHODS: From January, 1985 to December, 1995, 31 children, diagnosed with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome at Kyung Hee University Hospital, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The ratio of male to female was 2.4:1. With regard to etiology, idiopathic form was found in 7 cases (22.6%) and symptomatic form in 24 cases (77.4%). Transition from West syndrome to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome was observed in 14 cases (45.2%). The most common type of seizure was tonic seizure which was seen in 19 cases (61.3%) and atypical absence, myoclonic seizure and atonic seizure were also observed. The most common clinical signs and symptoms were mental retardation, but others such as progressive loss of psychomotor function and attention deficit were also frequently associated with this syndrome. The EEG usually had abnormal background activity, slow spike and wave complexes and often showed multifocal abnormalities. In spite of intractable epilepsy, 18 cases (58.1%) were controlled with complex anticonvulsant therapy. CONCLUSION: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome manifested itself in children aged 1-6 years and had polyetiology. Most tonic seizures and mental retardation were observed. After complex anticonvulsant therapy with vigabatrin, complete remission was induced in many cases.
Child ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Spasms, Infantile ; Vigabatrin

The traditional light microscopy has limitations for precise growth assays of malaria parasites in culture or for assessment of new compounds for antimalarial activity; the speed and high reproducibility of flow cytometry can overcome these limitations. A flow cytometric method using PicoGreen, a DNA-binding fluorochrome, was developed with optimal precision suitable for performing growth assays of low-parasitemia field isolates. In addition, intra- and inter-person reproducibility of the flow cytometric and the microscopic method were compared in order to quantitatively demonstrate the improved precision. RNase treatment contributed to the precision of the flow cytometric measurements by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratios. Coefficients of variation of the method were smaller than 10% for 0.1% or higher parasitemia samples. The intra- and inter-person coefficients of variation of the flow cytometric method were three to six times smaller than those of the microscopic method. The flow cytometric method developed in this study yielded substantially more precise results than the microscopic method, allowing determination of parasitemia levels of 0.1% or higher, with coefficients of variation smaller than 10%. Thus, the PicoGreen method could be a reliable high sensitivity assay for analysis of low parasitemia samples and might be applied to a high throughput system testing antimalarial drug activity.
*Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry ; Humans ; *Microscopy ; Organic Chemicals/chemistry ; Parasitemia/*diagnosis ; Plasmodium falciparum/*isolation & purification ; Reproducibility of Results ; Ribonucleases/metabolism ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio

Various remedies have been developed for broad damage to soft tissue in limbs by traffic accidents and mechanical mishaps that have greatly increased in modern society. If the damaged part is trivial, it may be generally treated with local flap or skin graft. However, this has been limited by the ability to choose the flap available depending on the condition of the wounded part, so that, if it is rather large or severly inflamed, or if it occurred with a bone-fracture, it is inevitable to practice the free flap. In the past, the focus was on whether the free flap would survive or not. However, the function of donor the and recipient, as well as the problem of aesthetic appearance, gas become a matter of increqsing interest and concern as the survival rate of the flap has greatly improved due to the development of precise operations. In thes study, therefore, some complications were analyzed which may develop in a donor by a variety of free flaps. Preoperative plans, as well as intraoperative and postoperati-ve treatment were also studied to minimize the cause of complications. To investigate these questions, we undertook a clinical analysis of 91 followed patients from 1990 to 1997. There were 68 male and 23 female patients ranging in age from 6 to 67 years, with an average of 34.7 years. The length of follow-up ranged from 8 months to 6 years. The results of this study were as follows: Sufficient plans must be made on the donor before operation, single textures like muscle or fascia should be used if possible, and incision should be arranged along Langer`s line. Some measures to reduce wound tension should be pursued, and plans must be made to immobilize the site for an ample period after the operation. Some precautious should also be considered during the operation, such as avoiding traction surrounding nerves and vessels, preserving paratenon, practicing osteotomy with great care and properly stopping any bleeding. In addition, formation of a hematoma or seroma should be preventcd and the donor must be sutur-ed as soon as possible to reduce infection. With the application of the basic operational principles on the treatment of donors, the complications which might be caused by each free flap can be reduced, and furthermore, be protected against.
Accidents, Traffic ; Extremities ; Fascia ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Seroma ; Skin ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors* ; Traction ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries