Interferon regulatory factors(IRF)are key factors in interferon induction. IRF4, a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, is expressed in cells of the immune system where it transducers signals from various receptors to activate or repress gene expression. IRF4 expression is a key regulator for the development T helper cell subsets and B lymphocyte differentiation. A series of recent studies have further demonstrated critical functions for IRF4. This review focuses on the recent advances on roles of IRF4, including infection, autoimmune disease and immune malignancy. A better understanding of IRF4 will hopefully provide new biomark and potentially guide the design of novel therapeutic approaches.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression.The miRNAs regulate gene expression by controlling the translation of a specific type of messenger RNA.miRNAs are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression,and miRNAs have been recently identified as key regulatory RNAs with immense significance in numerous biological processes.They actively participate in the modulation of important cell physiological processes and are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.MiRNAs have been implicated to have a fundamental role in acute and chronic asthma and in airway remodeling by the regulation of multiple signal transduction pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.A better understanding of the role that miRNAs play in the diseases could lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.This review highlights the current understanding of the role and regulation of miRNA in asthma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of nadroparin in the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and its action mechanism.

METHODThe MTT test was adopted to observe the effect of different concentrations of naringenin on the growth capacity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Wound healing and transwell experiment analysis were conducted to detect the effect of naringenin on the migration of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Western blotting was adopted to investigate the effect of naringenin on protein expressions of MDA-MB-231 cell Integrin β3, β1 and matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9. The computer virtual docking technique was used to evaluate the combining capacity of naringenin and Integrin β3 in vitro.

RESULTNaringenin inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In wound healing and transwell experiments, with the increase in the concentration of naringenin, the number of migrant MDA-MB-231 cells and the invasion capacity of breast cancer cells decreased. Naringenin could inhibit the protein expression of Integrin β3 in a dose-dependent manner, but with unobvious effect on expression of Integrin β1. Besides, naringenin could significantly inhibit the protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The results of the computer virtual docking showed a negative value in the combining capacity between naringenin and Integrin β3, indicating the high affinity between them.

CONCLUSIONNaringenin can inhibit the growth capacity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and block the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Its mechanism is to down-regulate MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions after combining with Integrin β3.

Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Integrins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

The ever increasing use of the Single-use medical devices(SUD) in clinic has brought safety and convenience to people, while the management of SUD waste also put pressure on the environment. Reprocess and reuse of SUD has become the issue of social concerns. This paper will describe the management manner of FDA for reprocess and reuse of SUD, and then give some suggestion on China's management combining the national conditions of our country.

Objective:To investigate the value and effectiveness of the case-based learning assisted by several internet platforms for medical interns in interactive teaching for undergraduate students in the clerkship of cardiovascular surgery.Methods:Ninety-six undergraduates were randomly divided into control group ( n = 48) and experiment group ( n = 48). The control group received traditional teaching, and the experiment group received case-based learning with the aid of WeChat and Sojump questionnaires. The theoretical and clinic operating scores, classroom atmosphere, learning interest, learning efficiency, learning ability improvement, theoretical knowledge mastery and clinical skills improvement were were compared between the two groups. SPSS 19.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The clinic operating scores, classroom atmosphere, learning interest, learning efficiency, learning ability improvement, theoretical knowledge mastery and clinical skills improvement were statistically higher in experiment group than in control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The application of case-based learning combined with internet platforms has achieved a good teaching effect in interactive teaching for undergraduate students in the clerkship of cardiovascular surgery and is worthy of popularizing.

Objective To investigate an effective method of autologous arteriovenous fistula formation for the elderly uremic patients with diabetic nephropathy.Methods The nest in the elbow above the median cubital vein at the curved incision 1-2 cm,inline high Fistula,namely arm cephalic vein and brachial artery bifurcation of the upper portion of the distal radioulnar side anastomosis in 20 cases over 75 years elderly uremic patients with diabetic nephropathy.And compared the effect of 16 cases of patients with similar conventional fistula.Results Twenty cases over 75 years elderly uremic patients with diabetic nephropathy were successful in all high dynamic fistula intravenous,blood flow was (1 007±131) ml/m,the immediate opening rate of 16 patients similar to conventional instant fistula was 12.5％,and a year after the opening rate was 6.25％ Conclusion High fistula are more easy to shape conventional,easy mature,full blood flow characteristics comparing with commom fistula,so elderly uremic patients with diabetic nephropathy fistula making difficult situation has been effectively improved.

Background:Some functional dyspepsia(FD)patients are accompanied by sleep disorder,which severely affects the quality of life. Aims:To explore psychological factors and quality of life of FD patients with sleep disorder. Methods:A total of 240 FD patients from Jan. 2013 to Jan. 2014 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University were enrolled,and were divided into sleep disorder group and non-sleep disorder group according to Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Zung’s self rating anxiety scale,Zung’s self rating depression scale and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire were performed in all the patients. Results:Compared with non-sleep disorder group, the incidence of anxiety(72. 5% vs. 40. 8% )and incidence of depression(65. 0% vs. 37. 5% )were significantly higher in sleep disorder group(P < 0. 05). Score of physical function(86. 65 ± 3. 84 vs. 88. 88 ± 4. 56),vitality(44. 79 ± 18. 13 vs. 54. 63 ± 9. 63),mental health(46. 90 ± 11. 47 vs. 63. 42 ± 17. 60),general health(42. 79 ± 11. 07 vs. 58. 29 ± 14. 99)in sleep disorder group were significantly lower than those in non-sleep disorder group,and no significant differences in physical role function,emotional role function,social role function,and body pain were found between the two groups(P > 0. 05). In patients with sleep disorder,the incidence of mental disorder was significantly different among young age group,middle age group and old age group(50. 0% ,55. 0% ,80. 0% ,respectively)(χ2 = 8. 10,P < 0. 05), and the incidence of mental disorder in male patients was significantly lower than that in female patients(32. 6% vs. 79. 2% ;χ2 = 25. 62,P < 0. 05). Conclusions:FD patients with sleep disorder has its own clinical characteristics. Study on the clinical characteristics of FD patients with sleep disorder could facilitate the effectiveness therapy,and has important significance in improving the quality of life.

Recently,considerable progress has been made in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),especially in the clinical use of new immunosuppressive agents,which leads to improved remission rate and life quality.However,plasmapheresis still shows to be necessary in severe lupus with serious complications.With the development of plasmapheresis technology,the efficiency and specificity of antibody adsorption being improved significantly,it played an important role in the treatment of acute stage life-threaten lupus.Here we intend to make a review on the relative improvement of plasmapheresis technology and its clinical use.

MAPKKK (MEKK1 or ASK1)/MAPKK (SEK1 or MKK7)/JNK signal cascade is an important pathway which mediates apoptosis. MAPK phosphotase can deactivate JNK by dephosphorylation of JNK.The interaction between JNK and c-Jun can also be negatively regulated by NO through S-nitrosylation. SGK1 or Akt can result in deactivation of SEK1 through its phosphorylation at the Ser78 site.The c-FLIPL can block this cascade through binding with MKK7.GST Mu1-1 interferes and suppresses MEKK1-mediated apoptosis. GST Pi 1-1 and TRX have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ASK1 through forming protein complex. The deactivation of JNK can enhance drug resistance of tumor cells and counteract the injury from a wide variety of stimulus. Here,how these proteins induce deactivation of the pathway and mediate anti-apoptosis has been discussed.