Purpose: This study examined the changes in the body mass index (BMI) and the effects of BMI on the knee function and risk factors for an increase in BMI after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Asians. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 cases of TKA performed by one surgeon. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 . The BMI and Knee Society Score, consisting of the Knee Score and Function Score, were measured on the day before surgery and one year after surgery. Results: The BMI decreased or was maintained in 34 cases (34%) and increased in 66 cases (66%) one year after surgery. An increase in BMI of 5% or more was considered a clinically significant increase in BMI and occurred in 28 cases (28%). The patients with an increased BMI by more than 5% showed a significantly lower knee function score. The age and preoperative function score were significantly associated with an increased BMI by more than 5%. As the age increased by one year, the odds ratio at which the BMI would increase by more than 5% one year after surgery was 0.905. Moreover, as the preoperative function score increased by one point, the odds ratio that the BMI would increase by 5% one year after surgery was 0.902. In other words, a younger preoperative age and a lower preoperative function score mean a higher risk of a more than 5% postoperative increase in BMI. Conclusion The BMI increased by more than 5% one year after surgery in 28% of the TKA patients examined. They had a lower functional score. The risk factors for a more than 5% increase in BMI after TKA were young age and a low preoperative function score. Therefore, surgeons should educate patients, particularly those who are young or have a low preoperative function score, so that the patient’s BMI would not increase after surgery.

No abstract available.
Humans

It is well known that the endothelium plays an important role in the circulation by modulating contractile responses of vascular smooth muscle. This study was designed to investigate the alterations and the mechanisms of endothelial modulation in chronic 2-kidney, 1 clip(2K1C) hypertensive rats. 2K1C hypertension was made by clipping the left renal artery and age-matched control rats received a sham treatment. Aortic rings were mounted in tissue baths for measurement of isometric tension. In rings with endothelium, norepinephrine evoked concentration-dependent contraction. Endothelium removal markedly enhanced the contraction, and the responses were less pronounced in 2K1C rats than control rats. Similar fashion of the contractions by endothelium removal was observed with norepinephrine and the alpha1 drenoceptor agonist phenylephrine in control rats, while phenylephrine did not alter the contraction by endothelium removal in 2K1C rats. The alpha2 drenoceptor agonist clonidine also greatly enhanced the contraction after endothelium removal, however the endothelial inhibition was still shown in 2K1C rats. In contrast to norepinephrine-induced contractions, the enhancement of serotonin-or prostaglandin F2alpha - induced contractions after endothelium removal was small and similar in 2K1C and control rats. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester enhanced the contraction induced by agonists in aortic rings with endothelium, which was similar to the response in rings without endothelium. The relaxation response to acetylcholine was attenuated in 2K1C rats, while the response to sodium nitroprusside remained unaltered. These results indicate the endothelium plays an inhibitory role against contractions in rat aorta by releasing nitric oxide, but the characteristics of the endothelial inhibition are not identical against various agonists. The negative endothelial modulation is more pronounced during alpha1 and alpha2 renoceptor- mediated contractions than during contractions mediated by other receptors. In addition, the inhibitory role of the endothelium against alpha1 drenoceptor agonist-induced contraction is impaired in 2K1C renal hypertension.
Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Aorta ; Baths ; Clonidine ; Dinoprost ; Endothelium ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Renal ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitroprusside ; Norepinephrine ; Phenylephrine ; Placebos ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Renal Artery ; Vasoconstriction*

PURPOSE: We compared c-erbB-2 oncogene amplification and oncoprotein expression, trying to identify the biologic and prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 in adendegrees Carcinoma of the stomach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 43 cases of gastric cancer were analyzed for amplification of c-erbB-2 by differential polymerase chain reaction and for overexpression of gene product by immunohistdegrees Chemistry. RESULTS: The amplification was detected in 13 cases (30%). Enhanced c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity was observed in 30% (13/43) of tumors. Tumors with gene amplification generally stained strongly (p=0.003). Although the frequency of amplification and overexpression of c-erbB-2 was increased with advanced gastric cancer and with lymph node metastasis, this difference was not statistically significant. c-erbB-2 gene amplification or protein overexpression showed a trend toward a better five year survival rate, but this did not reach a statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Amplification and/or overexpression of the c-erbB-2 may be of value in clarifying the biologic characteristics of the human gastric cancer. However, more sensitive and more speci fic methods of identifying gene amplification are needed and the standardization of the staining method as well as guidelines for interpreting the staining result are mandatory for this purpose.
Chemistry ; Gene Amplification ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogenes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population Characteristics ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: The relationship between infection of microorganism and atherosclerosis has been studied because the pathophysiology after infection is similar to those of cell injury and/or lipid theory. Although there are many reports which described the relationships between the infection of chalamydia pneumoniae and the atherosclerosis. In Korea, even the prevalence of chlamydia infection has not been studied yet. This study was purposed on the prevalence of chlamydia infection and it's correlation to atherosclerosis. METHODS: 235 subjects were enrolled and age and sex adjusted subjects were divided into two groups, normal controls (n=43), atherosclerosis (AS, n=90) group:coronary artery disease (CAD, n=61) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD, n=29). Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated. Serum IgG chlamydia antibody were measured by ELISA method. RESULTS: TG was significantly higher in AS (162.51+/-100.04 mg/dL vs 122.91+/-63.31 mg/dL, mean+/-SD, p=0.019), and HDL-C was significantly higher in controls (47.30+/-9.88 mg/dL vs 39.38+/-8.29 mg/dL, p<0A65A>0.01). Levels of LDL-C and TC were not statistical significant. Serum IgG chlamydia antibody was positive in 29.8% (70/235), 30% (27/90) in AS group and 28% in controls and there was no statistical significance between groups (p=0.804). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there was no significant differences in positivity of IgG chlamydia antibody in AS compared with that of controls. Overall positivity of chlamydia antibody was lower in Korea than in other country. It is still controversial whether Chlamydia pneumoniae is a primary etiologic agent of atherosclerosis or not. This study could not demonstrate the relationship between chlamydia infection and atherosclerosis in Korea. The effectiveness and indications of antichlamydial antibiotics for prevention of cardiovascular complications in atherosclerosis and overall chlamydia infection in general population will be needed in large scale trials.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis* ; Chlamydia Infections ; Chlamydia* ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae* ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoglobulin G ; Korea ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Triglycerides

The caudal block has been used as an alternative to general anesthesia in specific circumstances such as anal surgery, perineal surgery or surgery of lower extremity etc. It has been also used as an adjunct to general anesthesia, administered at the completion of surgery to provide postoperative analgesia especially in children. But, it has variable complications such as generalized intoxication, pain on the injection site, infection or urinary retention etc. We report an unusual case of metastatic sacrococcygeal tumor from adenocarcinoma of lung presenting as severe anal pain and sciatica which was aggravated after the trial of caudal anesthesia.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Caudal* ; Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Lung* ; Sciatica ; Urinary Retention

The comprehensive aortic root and valve reconstruction (CARVAR) technique comprises two main procedures, which are aortic root reduction using prosthetic rings and neo-leaflet reconstruction using a pericardial patch. Although concerns about durability of the pericardial neo-leaflet have been raised in the CARVAR technique, complications related to leaflet reconstruction have not been reported to date. The present report describes two cases of complications associated with leaflet reconstruction. After resecting the reconstructed leaflets, aortic valve replacement was performed in the patients. Careful and close follow-up is required for patients who had undergone CARVAR surgery, and aortic valve surgery should be performed in a timely manner if needed.
Aortic Valve ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pericardium ; Reoperation

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that can only be diagnosed by histological examination, and is often associated with renal calculi, obstruction and urinary tract infection. We report a case of bilateral xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child with end stage renal disease, which was misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma preoperatively.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Child* ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous* ; Urinary Tract Infections

The authors reviewed angiographic findings of 96 cases of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms that were operated at the Department of Neurosurgery of Hanyang University Hospital from Jan. 1986 to June 1990. The results were summarized as follows ; 1) Asymmetricity of caliber of A1 was observed in 71.9%(69/96) and which was 3 times more frequent than that of reported incidence of control group(2~23%). 2) The incidence of predominance of left A1 was 54.2%(53/96) and that of right A1 was 17.7%(17/96). Among them, predominant A1 was operated as afferent artery of aneurysm in 94.2%(65/69). 3) Of 69 cases in which a unilateral A1 showed predominance, the direction of aneurysm was opposite to the side of predominant A1 in 66.7%(46/69) and ipsilateral to the predominant A1 in only 2.9%(2/69). 4) Above findings suggest that it is desirable to approach the anterior communicating artery aneurysm via the side of predominant A1 when the direction of aneurysm is uncertain on cerebral angiogram.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Cerebral Angiography ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Neurosurgery

Left ventricular thrombus is mainly caused by anterior myocardial infarction or severe cardiac wall dysfunction of the apex, and is rarely caused by a complication of acute myocarditis. A 12-year-old female who developed symptoms of motor dysphasia and incomplete hemiparesis of the right side was admitted to the hospital. The brain MRI taken on the day of her admission showed acute cerebral infarction in the left basal ganglia and the frontoparietal lobe. The echocardiogram showed a movable thrombus, which was 19x28 mm sized and located in the apex of the left ventricle. So in order to prevent further thromboembolic event we performed open cardiac surgery via the atrium and removed the thrombus of the left ventricle. After the removal of the thrombus her symptoms improved and she was discharged from the hospital. Thrombus formation in acute viral myocarditis are considered to be related with endocardial injury and blood flow stasis. Treatment with anticoagulants in left ventricular thrombosis may not be effective and may even cause a major thromboembolism. When the thrombus is laminar and fixed, one should consider anticoagulant therapy. But if the thrombus is pedunculated and movable, which means that there are higher possibilities of major embolism or there may be already one, one should consider surgical removal. We report a 12-year-old girl who required surgical removal of a left ventricular thrombus caused by acute viral myocarditis.
Anticoagulants ; Aphasia ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction ; Child ; Embolism ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocarditis* ; Paresis ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thromboembolism ; Thrombosis*