Objective To investigate the state of endemic fluorosis, running status of water improvement project to reduce fluoride in Jiangsu province, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of endemic fluorosis. Methods In 2008, in the ten key counties of endemic fluorosis (zone), in Xuzhou,Lianyungang and Suqian, a stratified sampling method was employed to select 40 diseased villages according to their past water fluoride survey data. All children aged 8 to 12 were examined dental fluorosis, and all adults over 16 years were examined clinical skeletal fluorosis. Thirty per cent of the 40 diseased villages were selected, and 20 adults over the age of 16 in each selected village were examined by X-ray, respectively;50% of the 40 diseased villages were selected, and 30 any time urine samples of children aged 8 to 12 in each diseased village were tested urine fluoride. In each city, select a county, the status of water improvement project to reduce fluoride, water supply capacity and coverage in the county were investigated. Results A total of 3560 children aged 8 to 12 were examined, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 38.51% (1371/3560), tooth defect rate was 5.34% (190/3560), and dental fluorosis index was 0.8. Seven hundred and eight urine samples were tested, the median urinary fluoride was 1.47 mg/L and the range was 0.08 ~ 10.08 mg/L. Clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 21.3% among adults over the age of 16, and X-ray detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 39.2% (123/314).Investigated a total of 248 facilities of centralized water improvement projects, no funds to run or damaged 49, the water fluoride > 1.0 mg/L was 18. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis in Northern Jiangsu province has not been controlled completely, but has a rising trend, we should further strengthen the supervision of water fluoride reduction.

To explore the epidemiological character of Methicillin-resistant Stapkylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the phenotyping and genotyping motheds and to investgate the source, transmission, and the spread of nosocomial MRSA infection, consequently, reducing the nosocomial infection of MRSA. In this study, 19 MRSA strains were isolated from patients and environment in a hospital in two months. Patterns of resistantce against 16 antimicrobial agents and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) of these strains were analyzed to find the relationship among those isolates Clustering analysis was made from the patterns. Some isolates with high homology was found in 19 MRSA, 11 of them belong to type A, and 8 of them belong to the same subtype A1. They were endemic in burn ward, oncological ward and ICU. In addition, 4 isolates were clustered into group B, all found in the same ward of burn unit Thus, our results indicated a outbreak of MRSA ( A type) in this hospital and the potential prevalence of MRSA (B type) , which might be mediated by health care stuff. It is essential to enhance the infection control implementation and to utilize the PFGE genotyping system for the real-time surveillance of MRSA.

Objective To study the dynamic changes of the intestinal function of neurogenic bowel dysfunction rats caused by spi-nal cord injury using X-ray radiography. Methods Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group (n=12) and spinal cord injury group (n=12). The T10spinal cord injury model was established using aneurysm clip (70 grams calibration force) for 60 seconds. The control group exposed the dura only. X-ray Barium was used to observe the dynamic changes of in-testinal function, and HE staining was used to observe the pathology of the colon before and four weeks after modeling. Results Compared with the control group, gastric emptying and intestinal transit function significantly reduced in the spinal cord injury group (P<0.05). Conclusion The spinal cord injury model can be successfully duplicated with aneurysm clip in rats; neurogenic bowel dysfunction occurs after spinal cord injury, gastric emptying and intestinal transit function are weakened.

OBJECTIVETo study the significance of HSP47 gene in the development of pathological scar.

METHODSThe nude mice were used to reconstruct animal model of pathological scar. 16 days later, the mixture of recombinant HSP47siRNA and liposome was injected into the pathological scar in experimental group. In the control group, 0.25 ml PBS was injected intraperitoneally. 7 days after injection, the specimens were collected for detection of mRNA of HSP47, the collagen and for immunohistochemical study.

RESULTSIn the control and experimental group, the collagen content was (91.71 +/- 1.24)% and (82.12 +/- 4.79)%, respectively; the expression of HSP47mRNA was 1 042 862.01 +/- 604 194.36 and 306 123.68 +/- 105 857.08, respectively; the expression of collagen I mRNA was 10 228 614.70 +/- 2 532 879.04 and 6 011 841.97 +/- 2 886 897.17, respectively;the scar volume was (255.60 +/- 21.34) mm3 and (132.99 +/- 24.06) mm3, respectively. All the above results showed significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe collagen production can be reduced through suppression of the expression of HSP47 gene. It indicates that HSP47 gene enhance the development of keloid and could be used as the target of treatment.

Animals ; Cicatrix ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Liposomes ; therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; therapeutic use

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Electroporation ; methods ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; immunology ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:To research the association between exposure to solid fuels for heating and its duration and the risk of respiratory diseases morbidity.Methods:Data from the China Kadoorie Biobank project sited in Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the association between exposure to solid fuels for heating and its duration and the risk of total respiratory diseases and the association between exposure to solid fuels for heating and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia among respiratory diseases.Results:A total of 46 082 participants aged 30-79 years were enrolled, with 11 634 (25.25%) heating during the winter, of whom 8 885 (19.28%) used clean fuels and 2 749 (5.97%) used solid fuels, of whom 34 448 (74.75%) did not heat. After controlling for multiple confounding factors, Cox proportional hazard regression model was used, which revealed that compared with clean fuels, unheating could reduce the risk of total respiratory disease ( HR=0.81,95% CI:0.77-0.86), COPD ( HR=0.86,95% CI:0.78-0.95) and pneumonia ( HR=0.80,95% CI:0.74-0.86), respectively. Exposure to solid fuels increased the risk of total respiratory disease ( HR=1.10, 95% CI:1.01-1.20) and were not associated with COPD and pneumonia. Compared with no solid fuel exposure, the risk of total respiratory disease (1-19 years: HR=1.23, 95% CI:1.10-1.37; 20-39 years: HR=1.25, 95% CI:1.16-1.35; ≥40 years: HR=1.26, 95% CI:1.15-1.39) and COPD (1-19 years: HR=1.21, 95% CI:1.03-1.42; 20-39 years: HR=1.30, 95% CI:1.16-1.46; ≥40 years: HR=1.35, 95% CI:1.18-1.54) increased with the length of exposure of solid fuels (trend test P<0.001). Solid fuels exposure for 1-19 years and 20-39 years increased the risk of COPD by 23% ( HR=1.23,95% CI:1.02-1.49) and 16% ( HR=1.16, 95% CI:1.00-1.35). Conclusion:Heating solid fuels exposure increases the risk of total respiratory disease, COPD, and pneumonia.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment of carotid body tumour.

METHODSThirty-eight cases (41 carotid body tumours) admitted from 1983 to 2002 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAll patients were examined by ultrasound and angiography routinely before operation. The diagnostic coincidence rates of ultrasound and angiography are 95% and 98% respectively. Thirty-eight tumours were resected successfully. Twelve patients underwent external carotid artery severed, internal carotid artery repaired and tumour resected operation. Eleven patients underwent external carotid artery severed and tumour resection. Eight patients underwent tumour simple resected operation. Six patients underwent external carotid artery severed and internal carotid artery reconstruction. One patient underwent tumour resection, while common, external, and internal carotid artery were partially resected.

CONCLUSIONSFor suspected carotid body tumour patients, ultrasound and angiography reconstruction of carotid artery should be applied routinely before operation. The early stage and one stage tumour resected operation as well as internal carotid artery reconstruction are the key factors of decreasing operative complication rate.

Adult ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Carotid Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Carotid Body Tumor ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; methods

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical effect and safety of the Chinese medicine Longbishu Capsule combined with mesylate doxazosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) of the kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type.

METHODSThis was a randomized, double-blind, double-simulation control study. We equally assigned 60 men diagnosed with BPH of the kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type to an experimental and a control group, the former treated with mesylate doxazosin plus Longbishu Capsule and the latter with mesylate doxazosin plus placebo. We compared the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), Chinese symptom score (CSS), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), and prostate volume between the two groups of patients before and after 6 months of medication.

RESULTSAfter treatment, there were 5 cured cases, 13 markedly effective cases, 9 effective cases, 1 ineffective case, and 2 eliminated cases in the experimental group, as compared with 2 cured cases, 8 markedly effective cases, 10 effective cases, 7 ineffective cases, and 3 eliminated cases in the control group. The total effectiveness rate was obviously higher in the former (96.4%) than in the latter (74.1%). IPSS, Qmax, and CSS were improved in both of the groups after medication, even more significantly in the experimental than in the control group (IPSS: 15.22 ± 2.98 vs 18.15 ± 5.88, P <0.05; Qmax: [13.56 ± 2.26] ml/s vs [11.78 ± 2.97] ml/s, P <0.05; CSS: 6.18 ± 2.13 vs 9.52 ± 3.15, P <0.05). Because of the difference in the QOL score between the two groups at the baseline (P = 0.038 <0.05), no more comparison was made in this aspect after treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of Longbishu Capsule with mesylate doxazosin is safe and effective for the treatment of BPH.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Capsules ; Double-Blind Method ; Doxazosin ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome ; Urination

OBJECTIVETo analyze the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tuberculosis.

METHODSRetrospectively reviewed and summarized 13 pancreatic tuberculosis patients' clinical information, presentation, diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, and prognosis from 1958 to 2004 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

RESULTSAll cases presented a wide series of symptoms, including fever in 6 cases, upper abdominal tenderness in 13, epigastric mass in 4, obstructive jaundice in 3, night sweat in 4, weight loss in 7, hypersplenotrophy and hypersplenism in 1, and being complicated with tuberculosis of other organs in 3. One case was diagnosed by clinical symptoms and biopsy of lymph node, and only received anti-tubercular treatment Others were diagnosed by intra-operative biopsy and anti-tubercular treatment, and got well without recurrent tuberculosis in pancreas and other organs during 6 months to 2 years of follow-up. The non-operative case presented extrahepatic portal hypertension.

CONCLUSIONSPancreatic tuberculosis may be considered in the patients with fever, abdominal tenderness, weight loss, and imaging evidence of regional pancreatic lesion. Efficacy of anti-tubercular agents and laparotomy for pancreatic tuberculosis is evident.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis ; diagnosis ; therapy

The FTIR method was used to investigate the correlation of bacteria in the contaminated drug and the environmental microbes in the clean room for pharmaceutical microbial test. The similarity of bacteria in the contaminated drug and environmental microbes was compared by critical hit value method and cluster analysis method. This constructed the FTIR spectra library of clean room environmental microbe, and determined the criterion to promptly judge if the bacteria isolated from pharmaceuticals were contaminated by environment or not, hence the exactness of "one-off report" of sterile test result can be guaranteed, and can be used for the dynamic monitoring of environmental bacteria of clean room. The method is proven to be simple, accurate and rapid, and can be easily spread to the pharmaceutical microbial control.
Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Cluster Analysis ; Drug Contamination ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; Environment, Controlled ; Environmental Microbiology ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; methods