Objective: To investigate the effects of surface sealing on the shear bond strength(SBS) of the brackets. Methods: Twenty extracted premolars for orthodontics were cut into the buccofacial teeth pieces and etched by Transbond~TM Plus self-etching primers for 30 seconds firstly, then divided into two groups with 10 teeth pieces in each group randomly. ① experiment group, the buccal surface of the enamel was sealed with Filtek Flow 1400A3 flowable composite resin before bracket bonding;②control group, the bracket was bonded to the buccal surface of the enamel directly. All specimens were stored in deionized water at 37 ℃ for 48 h, thermocycled for 1 000 times at 30-second intervals between 5 ℃ and 55 ℃ water baths, and debonded with a universal testing machine. The amounts of resin remaining on the teeth pieces after debonding by using the resin remnant index (RRI), which were examined under 10×magnification stereo-microscope. Results: The SBS(MPa) between experiment group and control group was 8.08±1.38, 8.34±1.37 respectively, whereas the RRI was 2.80±1.03, 3.20±1.03 respectively. The SBS, RRI between experimental group and control group revealed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Surface sealing shows adequate bond strength, which is considered a clinically acceptable bond strength. The debonding of bracket is not affected by the surface sealing.

Objective To investigate the application of white light emitting diode (LED) in magnetic resonance room, in order to resolve the damageable problem of incandescent lights under the high magnetic field. Methods The white LEDs and the incandescent lights were installed in MR room, the number of damaged lights was compared after 300 hours. Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis. And the illuminance and 50 000 hours electricity consumption between LED and incandescent lights were calculated. Results The number of damaged LED and incandescent lights was 2 and 32, respectively and there was a significant difference (χ~2 =48.813 ,P =0.000). The illuminance of the LED and incandescent lights was 155 lx and 100 lX at the 0.75 m horizontal level and the 50 000 hours electricity consumption was 200 kW and 5000 kW, respectively. Conclusion It is feasible and a great advantage to use the white LEDs in MR room lighting.

The diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) have make remarkable progress, which were reviewed in the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting. In this annual meeting, the effects of advanced proteasome inhibitor (PI), antibody, checkpoint blockade, immunomodulatory agent (IMiD), histone deacetylase (HDACI) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T), and new diagnostic technologies were reported. The real point is to apply the best available diagnosis and therapy at this meeting. At present, regardless of advances, all of randomized clinical trials push to combined agents, and combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, efficacy will be improved in further. So some professors also refered to 2015 year as 'the advance year of MM'.

3D visualized reconstruction of human hollow structures from noninvasive medical imaging data is very important to medical diagnosis of the inner surface of hollow structures,medical education and surgical planning.However,due to the particular structures and characteristics of hollows,how to exactly and intuitively visualize the 3D structure and shape of the inner surface of a hollow structure is still a difficult issue in the field of medical visualization.A review of recent development of visualization techniques for human hollow structures is given in this article.Techniques including virtual endoscopy,virtual flattening,virtual cutting and color mapping ale described and compared.The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are pointed out.The future development of visualization techniques for hollow structures is also discussed.

Chinese scientist Tu You?you won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015,due to her outstanding contri?bution to the discovery of antimalarial drug artemisinin. The discovery of artemisinin is a great breakthrough using modern phar?maceutical technology to excavate ancient Chinese traditional medicine resources,based on government’s coordination mecha?nisms. This article analyzes the research and development status of the current global antiparasitic products,as well as China’s needs and strengths in related areas. The authors propose that China should take the advantage of government financing and re?search capacity to strengthen the research and development of antiparasitic products,so as to contribute more to improving glob?al health equity.

Precision medicine significantly promotes the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases,which also induces the revolution of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines,as well as multimodality therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).In the application of the concept of precision medicine and evidence-based medicine,surgeons will concretize the precise surgery,establish an improved multimodality therapy for HCC,and ultimately achieve the goal of overall benefit.This is also a new task of surgeons in the precision medicine era.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is used for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who cannot tolerate major hepatectomy due to an insufficient future liver remnant,but the morbidity and mortality rate in the perioperative period are still high.Available studies indicate that damage control surgery variations such as laparoscopic procedure and associating radiofrequency/microwave ablation/liver tourniquet and portal vein ligation could improve the morbidity and mortality associated with ALPPS,as could portal vein embolization.However,randomized controlled trials are needed to determine benefits in technical variations.

Objective:To study the mesiodistal teeth size and the relationship between upper and lower teeth dimension of normal occlusion from Han Chinese in Xi'an. Methods: 52 males and 55 females with normal occlusion were selected. The mesiodistal width of each tooth was measured using a vernier gauge caliper. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: For the 107 cases with normal occlusion, the mean and standard deviation of the teeth size were calculated. There were significant differences between males and females in maxillary incisors, canines, first molar and mandibular canines, premolars. The normal range was obtained for the anterior and overall tooth size ratio(anterior ratio:78.32?3.01 overall ratio:91.10?2.27); and the regression equation that was used to quantify the tooth size discrepancies was expressed according to the significant correlation between the upper and lower tooth (r anterior=0.754, rtotal=0.851). Conclusion: There is a relationship between upper and lower teeth dimension. Sex difference should be considered when tooth size was used in clinic.

Objective:To compare the difference between the measurement methods of wire and divider applied in the measurement of arch length at orthodontic dental model analysis.Methods:80 pairs of dental models were selected,including 40 normal occlusion models and 40 crowded models.The arch length of every model was measured by the wire and divider methods respectively,and the casual error and paired t test was subsequently employed to compare the difference between the measurements data.Results:The variance coefficients of the dental lengths measured by the divider method was larger than those measured by the wire method in both crowding and normal occlusion(P

This review summarized the current progress in the pathogenesis of leptin-mediated liver disease including fatty liver, hepatitis,fibrosis or cirrhosis. Analysis of leptin effect on activation of hepatic Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells was made and molecular mechanism and signal pathways were also discussed.