No abstract available.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We sought to increase our understanding of the rhinitis-asthma relationship and improve strategies for the treatment of patients with these diseases. The aim of this study was to identify a connection between upper airway inflammation and lower airway responsiveness. METHODS: We counted eosinophils on nasal smears, and performed spirometry, allergic skin tests, and methacholine challenge tests in 308 schoolchildren plus a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. The methacholine concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (PC20 < 25 mg/mL) was used as the threshold of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). RESULTS: In total, 26% of subjects had positive nasal eosinophils on a smear, and 46.2% of subjects had BHR at < 25 mg/mL methacholine PC20. Nasal symptoms were higher in subjects with than without nasal eosinophils (p = 0.012). Asthma symptoms did not differ between subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. Nasal eosinophils were higher in subjects with atopy than those without (p = 0.006), and there was no difference in PC20 methacholine according to atopy (15.5 +/- 1.07 vs. 17.5 +/- 0.62; p > 0.05). No difference in BHR was detected when comparing subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. There were significant differences in the PC20 between subjects with greater than 50% nasal eosinophils and without nasal eosinophils (11.01 +/- 2.92 mg/mL vs. 17.38 +/- 0.61 mg/mL; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that nasal eosinophilic inflammation might contribute to lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren, based on an epidemiological survey.
Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Asthma/diagnosis/*epidemiology/physiopathology ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity/diagnosis/*enzymology/physiopathology ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Child ; Eosinophilia/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Intradermal Tests ; Leukocyte Count ; Lung/*physiopathology ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa/*immunology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Rhinitis/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology ; Spirometry ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In 40 patients with aortic regurgitation(AR), the incidence of reverse doming of anterior mitral leaflet was studied by 2-D echocardiography. Reverse doming could be indentified in 17 of 18 patients(94.4%)with severe AR, in 6 of 15 patients(14.3%)with mild AR. And in relation to the direction of regurgitant jet, reverse doming was noticed in 9 of 11 patients(82%) toward the center of left ventricular cavity. In conclusion, the appearance of reverse doming of anterior mitral leaflet is thought to be related to the degree of AR and the direction of regurgitant jet. And reverse doming by 2-D echocardiography is a helpful parameter for the diagnosis of moderate to severe AR.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency* ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence

Testicular teratoma contains more than one germ cell layer in various stages of maturation and differentiation. The teratoma occurs at all ages but is most common in the 25-30 year age group. It is relatively infrequently seen in childhood and infancy. In these age group, teratoma is a benign tumor. Recently, we experienced one case of incidental testicular teratoma during hydrocelectomy in 22 month-old child, The hydrocele is frequently associated with teratoma under age 4 years and is the most common misdiagnosis. So we report this one case of testicular teratoma with review of related literatures.
Child ; Diagnostic Errors ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Infant ; Teratoma* ; Testis

BACKGROUND: We examined the usefulness of urine osmolality, as a predictive factor in the treatment of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NE) with combination therapy of imipramine and desmopressin. METHODS: From May 2014 to April 2015, 59 monosymptomatic NE patients participated in this study. Early morning urine osmolality was measured at 1 week and 1 day before combination therapy of imipramine and desmopressin, and at 1 week and 2 weeks after therapy. The response to combination therapy was evaluated at 3 months after treatment. The mean period of combination therapy was 6.4+/-4.2 weeks. Therapeutic response was classified as complete (0-1 wet night/week), partial (over 50% reduction of night) and non-responders (less than 50% reduction of night). RESULTS: The cumulative rate of the complete and partial responders was 76.3%. Among the 3 groups, the statistically lowest value of pre-treatment urine osmolality was observed in the complete responder group (p<0.001). Urine osmolality increased in all groups after treatment, however, statistically the greatest difference between pre and post-treatment urine osmolality was observed in the complete responder group (p=0.024). No serious side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Early morning urine osmolality and change of urine osmolality between pre and post-treatment have predictive values in the response to combined imipramine and desmopressin for treatment of monosymptomatic NE.
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin* ; Enuresis ; Humans ; Imipramine* ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Osmolar Concentration*

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) worldwide varies considerably. In spite of many reports about the incidence of SAH, there has been no report about the incidence of SAH on the basis of the Korean population. The purpose of this hospital-based study was to assess the actual incidence rates of aneurysmal SAH in Gwangju city and Jeollanamdo province. METHODS: All cases of SAH confirmed by computerized tomography (CT) between January 2007 and December 2007 were selected for analysis. For the data collection, three major training hospital and ten general hospitals working the CT in Gwangju city and four major general hospitals in Jeollanamdo province participate in this study. RESULTS: According to the official census of Korea, the population was 1,413,444 in Gwangju city and 1,929,836 in Jeollanamdo province in 2007. There were 163 patients in Gwangju city and 266 patients in Jeollanamdo province confirmed SAH by CT in 2007. The crude and the age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence rates per 100,000 population for all ages in Gwangju city were 11.5 and 12.4 for aneurysmal SAH and in Jeollanamdo province were 13.8 and 10.8. The incidence was higher in women and increased with age. The gender distribution varied with age. At young ages, the incidence was higher in men while after the age of 40 years, the incidence was higher in women. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence rates is 11.8 in Gwangju city and Jeollanamdo province. The incidence was higher in women and increased with age.
Aneurysm ; Censuses ; Data Collection ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Extra-adrenal paragangliomas are rare tumors of neural crest origin, usually arising from the carotid bodies, the glomus jugulare, or the retroperitoneum. And, though ten percents of cases are presented with malignancy, it`s prognosis is relatively good. In genitourinary area, there are a few reported cases of extra-adrenal paragangliomas of the urinary bladder and the spermatic cord. Herein, we report a case of paraganglioma arising in the scrotum, which is an extremely rare location.
Carotid Body ; Glomus Jugulare ; Neural Crest ; Paraganglioma ; Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal* ; Prognosis ; Scrotum* ; Spermatic Cord ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency*

Permanent electrostimulation is the therapy of choice for syncope due to bradycardic rhythm disturbance. In maintaining optimal hemodynamic function, the role of atrial systole has been well recorgnized and the time relationship between atrial and ventricular systole have great relation with cardiac output. Assessment of optimal mode of cardiac pacing by nonivasive method is very important for the best hemodynamic effect. To evaluate the usefulness of systolic time interval for optimal pacing mode, we calculated systolic time interval by using ventricular pacing spike on electrocardiogram to aortic opening time/left ventricular ejection time by aortic pressure curve (invasive PEP/LVET) in various modes of cardiac pacing and measured cardiac output by thermodilution method simultaneously in 9 mongrel dogs. Basal pacing cycle length were 300 msec, and the atrioventricular (AV) and ventriculoatrial (VA) interval during AB & VA sequential pacing were set at 30 msec, 60 msec and 90 msec. The result were as follows: 1) The cardiac output at AV interval of 90 msec (1.65+/-0.23 L/min) is significantly higher than 30 msec (1.38+/-0.19 L/min) in AV sequential pacing. 2) The cardiac output in ventricular pacing is higher than VA sequential pacing, but no significant changes noted among VA interval 90 msec, 60 msec and 30 msec. 3) The invasive PEP/LVET at VA interval of 90 msec (0.85+/-0.17) is significantly lower than 60 msec (0.97+/-0.16) and 30 msec (1.01+/-0.16) in AV sequential pacing. 4) The invasive PEP/LVET among VA sequential pacing with 90 msec, 60 msec, 30 msec interval and ventricular pacing did not show any significant difference. 5) When AV interval changes from 90 msec to 30 msec during AV sequential pacing, cardiac output decreased and invasive PEP/LVET increased. 6) In VA sequential pacing, there were no changes of cardiac output and invasive PEP/LVET when VA interval changes from 90 msec to 30 msec. In conclusion, systolic time interval can be used for estimation of hemodynamic changes during AV sequential pacing considering our results and other authors' results of high correlation between invasive & noninvasive PEP/LVET.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Dogs ; Electrocardiography ; Hemodynamics ; Syncope ; Systole* ; Thermodilution

A case of one of the largest stone in a giant penile urethral diverticulum which disturbed voiding and ejaculation was responded with review of some literatures.
Diverticulum* ; Ejaculation ; Male ; Urethra