The prevalence of invasive pulmonary fungal infections (IPFIs) has increased in children,which becomes a clinical concern in recent years.With the availabilities of new diagnostic tools for fungi and more antifungal agents,children with IPFIs may achieve a much earlier diagnosis and treatment.This article reviewed the development of laboratory tests,diagnostic criteria,treatment strategies and commonly used antifungal agents for IPFIs.

Objective To investigate difference of clinical curative effect between laparoscope combined with choledochoscope and traditional laparotomy in treatment of cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis.Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis were retrospectively analyzed,among whom 48 patients were given laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) ± laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) (observation group),and 32 patients were given traditional laparotomy (control group).The curative effect was compared between 2 groups.Results There were no statistical differences in operating time,calculi clearance rate and cost of hospitalization between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The intraoperative bleeding,postoperative length of hospital stay,and rate of postoperative complication in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group:(28 ± 5) ml vs.(32 ± 11) ml,(6.0 ± 1.1) d vs.(7.0 ± 1.2) d,4.17％ (2/48) vs.18.75％ (6/32),and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscope combined with choledochoscope is an effective treatment method of cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis.

Objective To investigate the genotoxicity of heavy rare-earth holmium to bone-marrow cells of mice.Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups and were given holmium-trioxide-HCl by gavage at several doses of 0,10,20,40,80 and 160 mg/kg bw respectively one time a day for two days;other Kunming mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and holmium nitrate was given i.p.at doses of 10,40 and 80 mg/kg bw respectively one time a day for two days.24 hours after the last treatment,the bone-marrow cells of thighbone were collected for micronuclei analysis and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).Results Frequencies of micronuclei were increased by the 2 kinds of holmium solutions at the dosage from 10 to 80 mg/kg bw with a dose-effect relationship,but at the dose of 160 mg/kg bw,it was lower than the negative control.In SCGE,the average tail length increased significantly (P

Aspirin ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Coronary Aneurysm ; drug therapy ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; therapeutic use ; Immunologic Factors ; therapeutic use ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate the possible role of chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inhibitory protein-1 (MIP-1α) in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum expression of MCP-1 and MIP-1α in 17 patients with early active RA, 18 with advanced active RA, and 15 healthy controls (all aged 18-79 years). Clinical activity indices such as the strength of grip, joint pain index, and joint swelling index were assessed in all subjects; and the serological indices such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and rheumatoid factors were also determined. The relationships between serum levels of MCP-1, MIP-1α with the clinical activity indices and serological indices were analyzed. Results: The serum levels of MCP-1 in patients with early and advanced RA were higher than that in the controls (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between the 2 RA groups. The serum level of MIP-1α in patients with early RA was significant higher than in those with advanced RA and healthy controls (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between the latter 2 groups. It was found that the serum levels of MCP-1 and MIP-1α in RA patients had no correlations with clinical activity indeices and serological indices. Conclusion: It is confirmed that MCP-1 and MIP-1α participate in the pathogenesis of RA. MIP-1α may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of synovitis during early stage of RA. It has not been indicated that MCP-1 and MIP-1α participate in inflammations.

Administration, Inhalation ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Nitroglycerin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Nitroprusside ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Adult ; Aged ; Benzidines ; toxicity ; Coloring Agents ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; epidemiology

Child ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Syncope ; diagnosis

Adolescent ; Child ; Dyslipidemias ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans