Objective To study the protective effect of recombination human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on the apoptosis of retinal neurons induced by glutamate.Methods The primary retinal neurons of postnatal SD rats were cultured in vitro for 7 days and divided into 3 groups :control group ,glutamate group and rhEPO pretreatment group.The neurons in the rhEPO pre-treatment group were afterwards allocated to three subgroups in terms of different rhEPO treatments (0.15 ,0.30 or 0.50 U/mL rhEPO for 12 h).Those in glutamate group and rhEPO pretreatment group were treated with glutamate at the concentration of 20μmol/L for 30 min for establishment of the apoptosis model.Twenty-four h later ,the apoptosis index (AI) was assayed by TUNEL and the expressions of BCL-xL mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry respective-ly.Results The AI was significantly higher in the glutamate group than in the control group (P<0.01).The AI was signifi-cantly reduced ,and the expression level of BCL-xL mRNA and protein was markedly dose-dependently increased in the rhEPO pretreatment groups compared with the glutamate group (P<0.01).Conclusion The rhEPO pretreatment can inhibit the glu-tamate-induced apoptosis of retinal neurons by up-regulating the expression of BCL-xL .

The influence of anisodamine on the cerebral blood flow in the uncompletely ischemic brains was studied with radioactive biomicrosphere assay. After the bilateral carotid arteries were occluded the cerebral blood flow drawmatically decreased and middle part of the hemisphere had the most severe reduction. Anisodamine 10mg ? kg-1 iv selectively increased the cerebral blood flow in this area and 20mg ? kg-1 increased that in the whole hemisphere. When it was used in the dose of 40mg ? kg-, the increasing effect on the cerebral blood flow became weaker. While the cerebral blood flow decreased, the myocardial blood flow increased significantly after bilateral carotid artery occlusion. Anisodamine 20mg ? kg-1 iv made it further increase and 40mg ? kg-1 iv made it decrease. The cardiac index was not influenced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion and anisodamine 10~20mg ? kg-1 iv, but was significanntly increased by anisodamine 40mg ? kg-1 iv. These results suggested that anisodamine may be used in the treatment of ischemic cerebral diseases and should be used in different doses according to different purposes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of Sanjin tablets in the treatment of urinary tract infection. METHODS: Retrieved from electronic databases and references literatures by on-line or manual way, RCTs about Sanjin tablets in the treatment of urinary tract infection were collected. Related data were obtained and analyzed with evidence-based medical software statistically. RESULTS: 1 046 patients in 13 studies with were included. Two studies showed that Sanjin tablets had better effect than amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and norfloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infections. One study showed there was no significant difference in efficacy of Sanjin tablets and Modified juling tang. Other trials showed that there was no difference in efficacy between Sanjin tablets and Chinese herbal medicine, antibiotics. Three trials showed Sanjin tablets combined with Chinese herbal medicine or antibiotics had the same effect with antibiotics alone in the treatment of urinary tract infection. No severe ADR induced by Sanjin tablets was found in included studies. Funnel plot which assumed asymmetry indicated the existence of publication bias and unsatisfactory methodological quality. CONCLUSION: Few trials show efficacy of Sanjin tablets are better than antibiotics. Most of studies show that there is no significant difference between Sanjin tablets and antibiotics. At present no evidence indicate that efficacy of Sanjin tablet is superior to other drugs. The methodological quality of clinical trials of Sanjin tablets for urinary tract infections should be improved.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome

China ; Complementary Therapies ; organization & administration ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research ; organization & administration ; United States

Acupuncture Therapy ; Deglutition Disorders ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Stroke ; complications

Objective To explore the clinical significance of APACHE Ⅱ score on risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods One hundred and forty-two patients with acute myocardial infarction were included in the study who were admitted to hospital consecutively from Jan.2011 to Dec.2012.High risk group and low risk group were divided by the APACHE Ⅱ score.Some clinical variables at the first 24 h after admitted to hospital and occurring during the following 1 year were recorded Results The age in high risk group was 78.9 ±8.1,significantly higher than that in low risk group (65.8 ± 10.2;t =6.835,P ＜ 0.001).The cases with Killip Ⅲ and Ⅳ in high risk group were 10(29.4％) and 2(1.8％),lower than in low risk group (6 (1.8％) and 0 (0％) ; x2 =21.950,15.777 ; P ＜ 0.005).The level of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin Ⅰ in high risk group were (147.7 ±21.5) U/L and (105.5 ± 17.6) U/L,higher than in low risk group((105.5 ± 17.6) U/L,(42.9 ± 6.3) U/L; t =11.541,5.785 ; P ＜ 0.001).The incidence of severe cardiac events(malignant arrhythmia,heart failure,non fatal myocardial infarction and death from any cause in high risk group were 58.8％ (20/34),47.0％ (16/34),17.6％ (6/34) and 17.6％ (6/34),higher than in low risk group (29.6％ (32/108),3.7％ (4/108),6.4％ (7/108) and 6.4％ (7/108) ; x2 =8.274,36.665,3.876 and 3.876 ; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion APACHE Ⅱ score is likely to be a simple and practical tool for risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop following a traumatic event.Neuro-imaging techniques offer a noninvasive means to elucidate the brain circuit underlying PTSD, and may help to find effective biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment evaluation of this disorder.In this article, we review recent brain structural MRI studies in PTSD.Problems of the current research and possible directions for future research are also presented.

BACKGROUND: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation influences the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of cells. However, there are no reports about the role of FAK phosphorylation in migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells during the process of vascular restenosis.OBJECTIVE : To analyze the correlation between FAK phosphorylation and vascular remodeling after balloon endothelial denudation in rats.DESIGN: Random controlled experiments in animals.SETTING: Cardiology Institute of Xianning College; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control;Department of Cardiology at the Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERrALS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Cardiology at the Affiliated Tongji Hospital from March to May in 2005. Forty male Wistar rats were used in the study, and they were managed according to the ethical standard of animals.METHODS: ①Forty rats were randomized into five groups (n =8): non-balloon endothelial denudation control group, and 4-day, 8-day, 16-day and 24-day model groups after balloon endothelial denudation. ②The rat models of restenosis following balloon endothelial denudation were built. At days 4, 8, 16 and 24 postoperatively, the denudated vessels were harvested for the detection of the morphological changes, which were taken as the judgment of successful models;Western blot method was used to detect the expression and activity of FAK. Abdominal aorta of left common carotid in rats was served as controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of FAK and phosphorylation FAK in rat artery.RESULTS: Totally 40 rats were all involved in the result analysis.①A small quantity of FAK without phosphorylation could be detected in the controlled rats. Compared with the control group, the expression and activity of FAK in the model group rapidly increased at 4 days after balloon injury (P ＜ 0.05), and they changed in a similar manner with the increase of injury duration. The expression of FAK reached a peak at 8 days and began to descend at 16 days. The expression of phosphorylation FAK reached a peak at 16 days and then rapidly descended. ②Focal hyperplasia of intima was found at 8 days after balloon endothelial denudation, and diffuse hyperplasia of intima was found at 16-24 days after denudation.CONCLUSION: FAK can take part in vascular remodeling after balloon endothelial denudation in rats. The level of intimal hyperplasia is closely associated with the level of FAK and FAK phosphorylation.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods Forty-six patients with CHF were randomly divided into carvedilol group (n=26) and control group (n=20) on the basis of standard therapy including digitalis, diuretics and ACEI. Before and after treatment, NYHA class, echocardiography and adverse reaction were observed. Results The mean dose of carvedilol was titrated to 25.14?3.05mg/day. After treatment, NYHA class was improved in both groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) measured by echocardiography reduced [(58.79?8.99)mm vs (64.68?10.12) mm,P