PURPOSE: We previously reported that insulin resistance, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and glycaemic exposure Index are independently associated with peripheral neuropathy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We followed the patients who participated in that study in 2006 for another 6 years to determine the relationship between insulin resistance and neuropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 48 of the original 86 Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were referred to the Neurology clinic for the assessment of diabetic neuropathy from January 2006 to December 2006. These 48 patients received management for glycaemic control and prevention of diabetic complications in the outpatient clinic up to 2012. We reviewed blood test results and the nerve conduction study findings of these patients, taken over a 6-year period. RESULTS: Low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides significantly influenced the development of diabetic neuropathy. Kitt value (1/insulin resistance) in the previous study affected the occurrence of neuropathy, despite adequate glycaemic control with HbA1c <7%. Insulin resistance affected the development of diabetic neuropathy after 6 years: insulin resistance in 2006 showed a positive correlation with a change in sural sensory nerve action potential in 2012. CONCLUSION: Diabetic neuropathy can be affected by previous insulin resistance despite regular glycaemic control. Dyslipidaemia should be controlled in patients who show high insulin resistance because HDL cholesterol and triglycerides are strongly correlated with later development of diabetic neuropathy.
Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism/*physiopathology ; Diabetic Neuropathies/*metabolism/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance/*physiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged

No abstract available.
Epidural Abscess* ; Meningitis, Bacterial*

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by optic neuritis and longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis. The clinical course can be either polyphasic (relapsing-remitting) or monophasic. The relapsing-remitting course is observed in more than 80% of NMO cases, and relapse generally occurs within 1 year in 60% of patients, and within 3 years in 90%. We report a rare case of long spontaneous remission in untreated NMO.
Central Nervous System ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Humans ; Myelitis, Transverse ; Neuromyelitis Optica ; Optic Neuritis ; Recurrence ; Remission, Spontaneous

PURPOSE: To compare duloxetine with placebo for the treatment of Korean women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a phase 3, double-blind, stratified, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled, multi-center study investigating efficacy and safety of a of duloxetine compared with placebo in the treatment of SUI. After a 2-week no-drug screening period, women ages 29-69 were randomly assigned to placebo (n=60) or duloxetine (n=61) as 40mg twice daily for 8 weeks followed by a 2 week no-drug period. Women were seen at 4-week intervals. The primary efficacy variable was percent change in incontinence episodes frequency (IEF)/week. Secondary variables included percent change in, changes in Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QoL) total and 3 sub-scale scores, and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) ratings. Safety was evaluated by treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE), discontinuations due to adverse events, vital signs measurements, and clinical laboratory tests. RESULTS: There were statistically significant improvements with duloxetine compared with placebo in IEF (duloxetine baseline 16.4IEF/wk, endpoint 7.7IEF/wk, median percent reduction=50.0% vs placebo baseline 13.3IEF/ wk, endpoint 8.8IEF/wk, median percent reduction=37.1%, p=0.033), and avoidance and limiting behavior subscale (p=0.006) in I-QoL. TEAEs were reported significantly more often in the duloxetine group compared with the placebo group (82.0% vs 31.7%; p<0.001); common AEs (>or=5% in duloxetine-treated subjects and p<0.05) were nausea, dizziness, anorexia, fatigue, lethargy, abdominal discomfort, and constipation. Discontinuation rates because of AEs were 34.4% for duloxetine and 8.3% for placebo. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence for the safety and efficacy of duloxetine for the treatment for Korean women with SUI.
Anorexia ; Constipation ; Dizziness ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Lethargy ; Mass Screening ; Nausea ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Vital Signs ; Duloxetine Hydrochloride

No abstract available.
Aneurysm, False ; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies ; Vertebral Artery ; Vertebral Artery Dissection