Objective To analyze macular region changes before and after retinal detachment surgery using optical co-herence tomography and their relationship with the vision. Methods Sixty-three patients with uncomplicated rheg-matogenous retinal detachment involved in macula undergoing retinal reattachment surgery were collected. Detection best corrected visual acuity and epiretinal implant by OCT at 1 week,1 month,3 months and 12 months, and were ana-lyzed by statisti cal analysis. Results One week compared with the preoperative, postoperative visual acuity improve-ment difference was statistically significant(χ2=10.864, P<0.01). 11.1% of patients with macular subretinal fluid com-pletely absorbed, was statistically difference(t=5.103, P<0.01); Compared with postoperative 1 week, 1 month after vision was no statistically significant difference(χ2=2.741,P>2.741), after 1 month,12.8%of patients with macular sub-retinal fluid completely absorbed, was statistically difference(t=4.893, P<0.01); After three months compared with 1 month following surgery, vision improvement difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.962,P<0.05). 17.5% of pa-tients in the macular area after 3 month subretinal fluid absorption,statistically significant(t=5.174,P<0.05);After 12 months compared with the postoperative 3 months, eyesight situation difference was statistically significant(χ2=7.146,P<0.05). 93.7% of patients in the macular area in December after the subretinal fluid absorption, was statistically difference (t=2.946,P<0.05). Conclusion OCT can objectively reflect the retinal detachment of postoperative changes in the macular area form,and provide help for condition evaluation.