Objective To evaluate the efficacy of surgical retrieval of testicular spermatozoa,and to present the preliminary results of the retrieved testicular spermatozoa used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for treatment of non obstructive azoospermic infertility. Methods Forty nine cases of non obstructive azoospermia underwent open testicular biopsy and diagnostic testicular sperm extraction (TESE).Those who had sperms in diagnostic TESE underwent ICSI at least 3 months later. Results Sperms were detected in diagnostic TESE in 12 cases (24.9%). The testicular volume,FSH level and testicular pathology did not accurately predict the presence or absence of sperm in testes.Seven (87.5%) of 8 cases had sperm in re TESE, which were used in their ICSI cycles,resulting in 3 clinical pregnancies. Conclusions The diagnostic TESE should be performed to determine the presence or absence of testicular spermatozoa in testicular failure before ICSI,and the surgically retrieved testicular spermatozoa can be adopted in ICSI for treatment of non obstructive azoospermic infertility.

A hybridoma cell line(B10)was established by fusing spleen cells of BALB/c mou- se immunized with human thyroglobulin(HTG) with SP2/0 myeloma cells. An averagefusing rate of 6.3% and antibody-secreting positive well rate of 58.3% were obtained.During the first two months, the supernatant of B10 culture had a titer of 1/128 to1/2048 measured by hemagglutination method, and the ascites was positive at 1/64000-128000 and 1/320000 respectively as measured by hemagglutination and radioimmunoass-ay.The B10 cell line is very stable and has very high activity to produce anti-HTGmonoclonal antibodies. After several times of preservation in liquid nitrogen andpassage in culture for one year,a recent determination shows that cell culture super-natant and ascites still have very high titer,being 1/4096 and 1/1048576 respectively asmeasured by hemagglutination method. The chromosome number of the B10 hybridomacell is 99.5?7.4.The success of the establishment of this cell line is briefly discussed.Attempt to establish diagnostic kit with this monoclonal antibody is being undertaken.

Objective To investigate ATM deletion [del (ATM)] in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and study its correlation with the clinical stage. Methods Spectrum Orange~(TM) labeled sequence specific DNA probe for ATM locus on 11q22.3 and fluorescence in Situ hybridization (FISH) was used to examine del (ATM) in 28 newly diagnose patients with CLL. FISH analysis were performed on bone marrow smears. Clinical staging was done according to Binet Method.Fisher exact propability was used to study the relations between del (ATM) and clinical feature. Results 4 out of the 28 cases were found with deletion of ATM. The incidence of del (ATM) in BinetA, BinetB and BinetC was 1/9 (11.1 %), 1/8 (12.5 %), 2/11 (18.2 %), respectively. Fisher exact propability showed that deletion of ATM was not associated with its clinical feature. Conclusion Application of FISH on archival bone marrow smears is a simple, liable method, and can be readly used to retrospective study of clonal blood system diseases. Deletion of ATM was common cytogenetic changes in CLL patients.And the significance of del (ATM) in the prognosis of CLL in China needs to be further investigated.

OBJECTIVETo examine the influence of China's economic reforms on population health and regional mortality rates.

METHODSLongitudinal study measuring the mortality trends and their regional variations. Using data from the three most recent national censuses, we used the model life table to adjust the mortality levels within the population for each census, and to calculate life expectancy. We then examined the variation in patterns of mortality and population health by economic status, region and gender from 1980-2000.

RESULTSLife expectancy varied with economic status, province, and gender. Results showed that, although life expectancy in China had increased overall since the early 1980s, regional differences became more pronounced. Life expectancy for populations who live in the eastern coastal provinces are greater than those in the western regions.

CONCLUSIONDifferences in life expectancy are primarily related to differences in regional economic development, which in turn exacerbate regional health inequalities. Therefore, it is necessary to improve economic development in less developed regions and to improve health policies and the public health system that address the needs of everyone.

China ; Developing Countries ; Economics ; Female ; Healthcare Disparities ; economics ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Mortality ; trends ; Sex Characteristics

Objective To investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male semen quality through meta-analysis and retrospec-tive study.Methods Literature retrieval was conducted in PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang Database and CBM database.Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0.The male patients meeting the inclusion criteria from our hospital were enrolled as study subjects.General demographic data and semen parameters were collected.Single factor analysis of variance and graphing of semen parameters were con-ducted using GraphPad Prism 9.5.1.The test level was set at 0.05.Results A total of 9 studies involving 267 patients were included in the meta-analysis.There were no significant differences in sperm concentration and survival rate before and after SARS-CoV-2 infec-tion(P＞0.05).Semen volume and percentage of normal morphology significantly increased during 1-3 months after infection(P=0.005,P=0.010),with semen volume recovering to pre-infection level＞3 months later(P＞0.05).Sperm motility and progressive mo-tility increased＞3 months after infection(P=0.046,P=0.045),recovering to pre-infection levels(P=0.099,P=0.098).Sperm DNA fragmentation index may be temporarily elevated within 3 months after infection but gradually decreased＞3 months later.In the retrospective study of 8 cases,there were no statistical differences in semen parameters at different stages compared with pre-infection(P＞0.05),but semen parameters showed a negative trend during＜1 month after infection and recovered to pre-infection levels＞3 months later.Conclusion The results of this laboratory study are basically consistent with the meta-analysis.SARS-CoV-2 infection in males only caused short-term negative effects on sperm morphology,vitality and DNA integrity,but generally recovered to pre-infection levels＞3 months after infection.Due to the limitations of study subjects and sample size,the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male semen quality needs to be further confirmed by long-term large-scale prospective studies.