Objective To explore the development trends in community nursing. Methods The current situation of community nursing in Shanghai was analyzed by means of questionnaire surveys and literature review. Subjects A total of 3 173 questionnaires were distributed to community nurses, hospital nurses, community residents, and hospitalized patients and 2 942 of them were retrieved, the rate of retrieval being 93.8%. Results The demand for community nursing was not satisfied, the number of community nurses was insufficient and their general quality was low. Conclusion The scope of services in community nursing needs to be expanded with demand as a guide, more community nurses need to be cultivated, and the quality of the nursing contingent needs to be enhanced.

Objective To obtain Hangzhou residents' awareness, understanding, demands, and intentions of health examination and explore the factors influencing health examination. Methods Totally 1 183 residents (male: 542, female: 641, aged from15 to 80 years) were investigated by mean of questionnaire which included demographic characteristics, health status, medical behavior and awareness, the subjective reasons of unwilling to take health examination, the intention of choosing an institution, and the data of questionnaire were analyzed using single factor Chi-square test and conditional logistic regression analysis. Results Single factor Chi-square test showed that the factors affecting health examination participation which have statistical significances were as follows, gender (χ2=11.61,P=0.000), age (χ2=9.09, P=0.028), residence registration (χ2=44.16,P=0.000), marital status (χ2=8.96,P=0.03), educational backgroud (χ2=17.33,P=0.000), employment status (χ2=7.97,P=0.005), personal monthly income (χ2=22.82, P=0.000), having any kinds of health insurance (χ2=16.08,P=0.000), and the health examination fees paid by company (χ2=44.78,P=0.000). Conditional logistic regress analysis showed that the related fators which affecting the peoples participating rates of taking health examination are gender (P=0.003, OR=1.782), residence registration (P=0.000, OR=2.208), personal monthly income (P=0.009, OR=1.307), taking any kinds of insurance (P=0.004,OR=2.913)and the company organizing and paying for the healthy examination or not (P=0.000,OR=1.923). Conclusion The participation rates of taking health examination were affected by the factors such as male, younger than 45 years old, divorce, temporary residents, the jobless, low educational diploma and income, not having any insurance, taking the health examinaiton at their own expense and so on.

AIM: To study the possibility that yellow wine improves the pathological changes of atherosclerosis in vivo. METHODS: Six weeks old LDL receptor knockout mice (n=48) on a high-fat and L-methionine diet developed plasma hyperhomocysteinemia and atherosclerosis. The animals were randomly divided into yellow wine group, red wine group, ethanol group and control group (n=12 in each group) and were sacrificed after 14 weeks. The levels of plasma lipids and homocysteine in serum were examined. The morphological changes of aorta artery and the atherosclerosis of aorta sinus were observed under microscope. The expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were determined by the method of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: No significant difference of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride or high density lipoprotein cholesterol among groups was observed. Plasma homocysteine was significantly decreased in yellow wine group as compared to other three groups (P<0.01). Compared to ethanol and control groups, use of yellow wine and red wine significantly reduced the atherosclerosis lesion area (P<0.01). However, no significant discrepancy between the yellow wine group and red wine group was found. Compared to control group, the expression of MMP-2 in yellow wine group, red wine group and ethanol group decreased by 26.3%, 27.6% (P<0.01) and 5.7% (P>0.05), respectively. The activity of MMP-2 in yellow wine group, red wine group and ethanol group decreased by 31.7%, 32.5% (P<0.01) and 6.7% (P>0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Yellow wine and red wine inhibit the expression of MMP-2 and improve the pathologic changes of atherosclerosis, indicating that they have benefic effects on cardiovascular system.

10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2013.06.010

Objective: A practical length regulator of extended tube for microinjection pump was made and its clinical effect was observed. The method and basis were provided for the orderly management of various infusion pipelines in clinic. Methods: The texture, inner diameter and color of the regulator are designed. Sixty patients who needed to use three or more lengthened tubes at the same time and were pumped through the same vein passage were randomly divided into two groups: the regulator group and the non-regulator group. 31 patients in the regulator group and 29 patients in the routine group were observed continuously for 3 days. During the study period, the number of tube shedding and the number of nursing errors were recorded. The average time required for the same dose of drugs to be pumped into the body was 10 ml/h, 25 ml/h and 50 ml/h, respectively. The average time spent by the nursing staff when the drugs were randomly changed or suspended was investigated in 52 cases. Staff satisfaction with its clinical application. Results: The number of errors and tube shedding in the regulator group were 5 and 2 times respectively, and 34 and 9 times respectively in the routine group (P < 0.05). The time required for the regulator group to pump the same dose at the same rate was 295.33, 120.07 and 59.97 seconds, respectively. The time required for the conventional group was 294.63, 119.83 and 59.87 seconds, respectively, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The average time needed for drug replacement or suspension was 47.05 seconds in the regulator group and 91.68 seconds in the routine group (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of the two groups was 84.98 and 94.5 respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with the conventional group, the regulator group can reduce the workload of nurses without increasing the risk of clinical use. The regulator is a safe, reliable and convenient pump pipe management device for pumps.

We cloned genes of four sentrin-specific protease (SENP), three small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO), enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) by two-step PCR. Then we constructed expression vector B28 for SENP and B13 for ECFP-SUMO-EYFP. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 and expression was induced by isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside, then recombinant proteins were purified by Ni-NTA agarose column ion-exchange chromatography. The proteins were analyzed with SDS-PAGE and identified with Western blotting. Except that SENP3 catalytic domain (SENP3C) truncated in the C termini and SENP5C expressed in inclusion body, others were expressed as soluble proteins. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the relative molecular mass of these fusion proteins were consistent with theoretical ones, and the specificity of the fusion proteins were confirmed with Western blotting. The fusion proteins of SENP and ECFP-SUMO-EYFP can be successfully expressed in prokaryotic expression system. It lays the foundation for the fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis.
Bacterial Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Catalytic Domain ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Endopeptidases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; SUMO-1 Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To observe the effect of the decontamination bundle of care for prevention of nosocomial infection after cardiac surgery. Methods Patients who underwent routine perioperative care from January 2012 to December 2013 for cardiac surgery were enrolled as the control group, while patients with bundle of care from May 2014 to April 2016 as the decontamination group. The care bundle included preoperative nasopharyngeal screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), perioperative systematic decontamination, isolation and antibiotic prophylaxis (mupirocin and glycopeptide) for MRSA carriers. The clinical data and nosocomial infection was collected and statistically analyzed. Results There were 712 cases in the control group and the incidence of nosocomial infection was 8.29% (59/712) including 4 MRSA cases. The decontamination group enrolled 791 cases with 5.56% (44/791) nosocomial infection including 2 MRSA cases. The bundles of care inhibited the nosocomial infection significantly (χ2=4.356, P<0.05), and there was a trend of decrease on MRSA infection. A total of 6 cases (0.76%) in the decontamination group were detected as MRSA colonization, but none of them got infected. Conclusions The care bundle of perioperative decontamination is useful to prevent nosocomial infection in cardiac surgery, especially to MRSA infection.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin 750 mg for 5 days versus 500 mg for 7‐14 days intravenous (IV ) infusion in the treatment of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP ) . Methods This study was a multi‐center , randomized , open‐label , non‐inferiority , controlled clinical trial .The CAP patients were randomized to receive levofloxacin 750 mg IV daily for 5 days or levofloxacin 500 mg IV daily for 7‐14 days .The clinical symptoms , laboratory tests , imaging results and microbiology data were collected and compared between the two treatment groups in terms of efficacy and safety .Results A total of 241 patients were enrolled in this clinical trial from 10 study centers .Among these patients ,223 were eligible for full analysis set (FAS) analysis ,including 111 in 750 mg group and 112 in 500 mg group .Of the 223 patients in FAS ,211 were eligible for per‐protocol set (PPS) analysis ,including 107 in 750 mg group and 104 in 500 mg group .Two hundred and forty‐one patients were included in safety set (SS) ,including 121 patients in 750 mg group and 120 in 500 mg group .The median treatment duration was 5 .0 days in 750 mg and 9 .0 days in 500 mg group .The median total dose was 3 750 mg in 750 mg group and 4 500 mg in 500 mg group .The overall efficacy rate was 86 .2% in 750 mg group and 84 .7% in 500 mg group in terms of FAS at visit 4 ,which suggested that the efficacy of 750 mg group was non‐inferior to 500 mg group .Of the 111 FAS patients in 750 mg group ,40 were bacteriological evaluable ,and 41 strains of pathogens were isolated .Forty‐nine of the 112 FAS patients in 500 mg group were bacteriological evaluable ,and 51 bacterial strains were obtained .The bacterial eradication rate was 100% in both groups .The clinical treatment efficacy rate for atypical pathogens was 100% in both groups .In 750 mg group ,the most common clinical adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were injection site adverse reactions including injection site pruritus ,pain and hyperemia .The other common ADRs were insomnia ,nausea ,skin rash .The most common drug‐related laboratory abnormalities were neutrophil percentage decreased , decreased white blood cell (WBC ) count , alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation .Most of the ADRs were mild in severity and well‐tolerated .The safety profile of the two treatments was comparable in terms of the drug‐related treatment discontinuation and the incidence of ADRs .Conclusions The short‐course regimen of levofloxacin 750 mg IV for 5 days is at least as effective and well tolerated as the long‐course regimen of 500 mg IV for 7‐14 days in treatment of CAP .

Objective To explore the prognostic factors in Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) in children. Methods A total of 125 children with GBS were included and grouped according to their independent walking at two and six months after discharge, and their clinical data were analyzed. Results In 125 children (74 males, 51 females) the average age was 84.49±25.32 months, and 41 were under 6 years old. 102 children had a history of prodromal infections. 32 children had cranial nerve involvement and 35 had autonomic nerve involvement. 12 children need assisted respiration. At 2 and 6 months after discharge, when compared with children who could walk independently, the rates of functional score > 3, cranial nerve involvement, and neuroelectrophysiology as denervation potential were higher in children who could not walk independently, and the differences were statistically significant (P all<0.05). Conclusions The factors that affect the short-term prognosis are denervation potential in neuroelectrophysiology, cranial nerve involvement, and functional score > 3. Early identification of uniqueness in patients and subsequent development of targeted rehabilitation training should be carried out to improve the prognosis.

In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous explora-tion. This guideline was commissioned by the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline develop-ment and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working group. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China′s national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help to standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.