Objective:To explore the effects of different anesthesia methods on anesthesia quality, postoperative recovery, cognitive status and pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods:A prospective study was conducted among 98 patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy in Donghai County People′s Hospital of Jiangsu Province from July 2020 to December 2022. According to different anesthesia methods, the subjects were divided into group A (48 cases, intravenous-inhalation combined anesthesia) and group B (50 cases, intravenous general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia). The recovery quality, cognitive status and VAS scores before operation (T 0), at 12 h after operation (T 1), 24 h after operation (T 2) and 48 h after operation (T 3) were compared between the groups. The total incidence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups were recorded. Results:The extubation time, respiratory recovery time and awakening time in group B were shorter than those in group A: (5.69 ± 0.75) min vs. (10.02 ± 1.26) min, (4.52 ± 0.65) min vs. (6.59 ± 1.04) min, (8.65 ± 1.12) min vs. (13.52 ± 1.45) min ( P<0.05). The two groups had similar mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores and VAS scores at T 0 ( P>0.05). MMSE scores of the two groups were lower at T 1-T 3 than T 0. Group B had higher scores than group A at T 1-T 3: (23.14 ± 1.85) scores vs. (20.36 ± 2.15) scores, (25.18 ± 2.47) scores vs. (22.31 ± 2.35) scores, (27.05 ± 1.18) scores vs. (26.31 ± 1.01) scores, P<0.05. VAS scores of the two groups were higher at T 1-T 3 than T 0. Group B had lower scores than group A: (5.17 ± 0.54) scores vs. (6.21 ± 0.75) scores, (4.42 ± 0.51) scores vs. (5.63 ± 0.62) scores, (2.58 ± 0.34) scores vs. (3.14 ± 0.42) scores, P<0.05. The total incidence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups had no statistical difference ( χ2 = 0.17, P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with intravenous-inhalation combined anesthesia, general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia has better anesthesia quality in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy, which can improve postoperative cognitive function and relieve pain. The two anesthesia methods are both safe.