Immune response is one of the main reasons causing neurological deficits in the patients with cere -brovascular diseases , which activates microglia , induces inflammatory reaction and finally results in serious neuronal and endothelial injury .MicroRNAs take part in the regulation of immunoreaction , and simultaneously regulates many target genes and induces faster post-transcriptional regulation to its target genes compared with the traditional transcriptional regu -lation.For providing a basis for the clinical use of microRNAs and applying new therapy , this review mainly focuses on the function and mechanism of microRNAs in the regulation of the immunoreaction caused by cerebrovascular diseases .

Objective To study the application of the two-paths double U-shaped fixer in clinical intravenous indwelling needle fixation. Methods A total of 420 cases using of intravenous indwelling needle from January to June 2015 were involved and divided into experimental group(210 cases) and control group(210 cases) by random digits table method. The two-paths double U-shaped fixer was applied in experimental group and the control group were used tape by Y type to fix. The incidence of returning-blood, blocking, phlebitis, slippage and the comfort between two groups were observed and compared. Results The incidence of returning-blood, blocking, phlebitis, slippage in experimental group were 6.2%(13/210), 0.5%(1/210), 0 , which were lower than those in control group 48.6%(102/210), 5.7%(12/210), 1.4%(3/210) seperately, the differences were statistically significant (χ2=117.895, P<0.01). The incidence of phlebitis levelⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣin experimental group were 3.3%(7/210), 1.4%(3/210), 0.9%(2/210), 0, which were lower than those in control group 11.9%(25/210), 9.0%(19/210), 3.8%(8/210), 2.4%(5/210), the differences were statistically significant(Z=-5.960, P<0.01). The incidence of the comfort level 1, 2, 3 and 4 in experimental group were 92.4%(194/210), 6.2%(13/210), 1.4%(3/210), 0 individually, which were higher than those in control group 36.7%(77/210), 46.7%(98/210), 12.4%(26/210), 4.3%(9/210), the differences were statistical significant (Z=-16.228, P < 0.01). Conclusions Two-paths double U-shaped fixationis is better than Y-shaped tape fixation. To compare the venous indwelling needle fixation, two-paths double U-shaped fixer could fix more effectively and safety. At the same time, it also has advantages in convenient, observation and appearance. It could be widely used in clinical practice.

Objective To study the effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP) on immune function in mice. Methods Polysacchayide was extracted from Glycyrrhiza uralensis by water-extraction-alcohol-precipitation method. Ovalbumin was injected to mice as antigens. The mice were randomly divided into four group:low (50 mg/kg), middle (100 mg/kg), high (200 mg/kg) dosage group of GP and normal control group, 12 mice in each group. Four groups were given GP and NS orally for seven days. After the secondary immunization, the level of antibody and the concentration of serum IFN-? were determined. Results The levels of antibodies and cytokines in middle and low dosage group of GP were all significantly higher than those of control group. Conclusion GP could enhance the immune function of mice.

Objective: This study was to observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.Methods: Ninety patients with diabetic gastroparesis were randomly allocated into 2 groups,a treatment group(45 subjects)to receive acupuncture treatment,and a control group(45 subjects)to take domperidone tablet.Results: Four treatment courses later,the total effective rate was 91.1% in the treatment group and 64.4% in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion: The diabetic gastroparesis responds well to acupuncture treatment.

Objective: To discuss the safety issues of moxibustion therapy in view of moxibustion materials. Methods: The analyses and assessment were performed based on the survey carried out on the use of moxa, modem and ancient records, modern studies, and clinical applications. Results:Moxa has been used as both a medicine and a food for a long history in China. Regarding moxibustion specifically, moxa has been proven to be the optimum choice for moxibustion therapy,through practices and experiments by doctors from different generations. No records have shown any side- or adverse-effects of moxa applied in moxibustion therapy. Conclusion: Moxa has been used in multiple ways for several thousands of years by Chinese people. As the main material for moxibustion therapy, its safety has been proven by documents and clinical practices.

Objective To evaluate the effect of acute hypoxia on the contractile function of isolated small pulmonary arteries in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Seven patients with lung cancer,of both sexes,scheduled for elective pulmonary lobectomy,with no pulmonary hypertension and with normal pulmonary function after examination,were included in the study.Six cases were diagnosed as having moderate COPD.Lung tissues 5 cm away from the tumor tissues were taken during operation and the small pulmonary arteries were isolated and divided into 2 groups:control group (n =7) and COPD group (n =6).The contractile amplitude of small pulmonary arteries was detected using vasomotor tone meter under the state of acute hypoxia.Results Contractile amplitude of small pulmonary arteries in response to hypoxic stimulus was significantly decreased in COPD group compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Acute hypoxia can further reduce the contractile function of isolated small pulmonary arteries in patients with moderate COPD.

Objective Dynorphins have advantages in powerful analgesic effect, high safety, no respiratory depression and no addiction, which is the emphasis of analgesic research at present. The aim of the article was to explore the expression of lentivirus-mediated rat prodynorphin gene in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BM-MSCs) and contribute to the subsequent studies on bio-logical analgesia in cancer pain of rat model. Methods BM-MSCs were isolated and proliferated using the adherence screening meth-od, and further identified by flow cytometry, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation experiments. The PDYN lentiviral vectors in rats were transfected into BM-MSCs after construction. The expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was detected under inversion fluo-rescence microscope and the best multiplicity of infection ( MOI ) of virus was screened by western blot. There are three groups in the ex-periment: blank group, experimental group ( PCDH-CMV-PDYN-EF1-copGFP ) and empty vector group ( PCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-copGFP). PYDN gene was determined by qPCR and western blot, while DYN protein was detected by immunochemical method.Results BM-SMCs were in longspindle-shape and fibrocyte-like adherent growth, most in expression of CD29, CD44 and CD90, and a few in CD45. The oil red-O staining of the induced cells by adipogenic differentiation was positive. The mineralized nodules formed in the induced cells by osteogenic differentiation were orange after alizarin red staining. Flow cytometry detection showed the positive rates of CD29, CD90, CD44 and CD45 were respectively (99.80±0.19)%, (99.62±0.24)%, (96.86±1.27)%, (0.82±0.06)%, while after transfection the positive rates were (99.59±0.34)%, (98.06±1.27)%, (95.23±0.71)%, (10.23±0.59)%, representing no sig-nificant difference before and after PDYN transfection. Lentiviral vector of PCDH-CMV-PDYN-EF1-copGFP was successfully construc-ted after the identification of PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing. The titer of recombined lentiviruses was 5×106IU/mL. The best MOI of lentiviruses was 100 according to the results of GFP and western blot. Western blot and qPCR suggested PDYN gene signif-icantly increased in BM-MSCs after lentiviral transfection ( P<0.05) , and immunohistochemical staining indicated DYN protein also in-creased greatly. Conclusion BM-MSCs are successfully cultured and the overexpressed rat PDYN gene lentivirus vector is also suc-cessfully constructed;PDYN gene is highly and stably expressed and DYN protein is secreted in BM-MSCs.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of pulsed ultrasound (PUS) and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on the secretion of extracellular matrix from a culture complex during in vitro chondrogenesis.

METHODSAll the rat bone marrow mesen- chymal stem cell pellets were cultured in achondrogenic medium. Different intensities of PUS (100, 150, and 200 mW · cm⁻²) and PEMF (1, 2, and 5 mT) were applied to the cell pellets for 2 weeks. Group N was cultured without PUS and PEMF stimu- lation as control. The culture medium was collected after 2 weeks of culture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the type of collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the culture medium.

RESULTSPUS increased the secreting-type collagen and GAG from cell pellets compared with group N (P < 0.05), whereas there was no difference in different intensities (P > 0.05). PEMF had no significant effect on the secretion of the type of collagen (P > 0.05). A PEMF of 1 mT had no significant effect on the secretion of GAG (P > 0.05). A PEMF 2 and 5 mT decreased the secretion of GAG (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTo prevent the secretary of extracellular matrix may play a role in chondrogenic effect of PEMF.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrogenesis ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Extracellular Matrix ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; radiation effects ; Rats ; Ultrasonic Waves

Objective To study the correlation between single point pulse wave velocity (PWVβ)of different peripheral arteries and coronary artery stenosis quantity obtained by coronary arteriongraphy so as to explore the diagnostic value of PWVβin coronary heart disease.Methods We made a retrospective analysis of 183 patients receiving coronary arteriongraphy in our hospital from October 2013 to May 2014.Based on stenosis quantity of coronary artery,the patients were divided into one-vessel lesion group,double-vessel lesion group,multi-vessel lesion group,and nonstenosis as control group.Clinical data of all the patients were collected before coronary arteriongraphy.Different peripheral artery PWVβwas measured with vascular echo tracking (ET)technology for statistical analysis.Results As the lesion vessel number increased,PWVβandβvalues in three peripheral arteries presented a rising tendency.Correlation analysis indicated that PWVβvalues in the three peripheral arteries showed a positive correlation with coronary artery involvement degree.The correlation between PWVβvalue of the common carotid artery and coronary artery involvement degree was most obvious,followed by the femoral artery and the popliteal artery.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and Youden index of the common carotid artery PWVβvalue to diagnose coronary heart disease were 91.2%,84.5%,92.7%,81.7 and 0.76,respectively.Non-conditional multi-factor Logistic regression analysis was implemented by choosing age, sex,smoking history,hypertension history,diabetes history,hyperlipemia,BMI,HDL-C,LDL-C,TC,TG,GLU,SBP,DBP,UA,Cr,and PWVβ value as independent variables,and the degree of coronary artery disease as dependent variable.The results revealed that age,hypertension history,diabetes history,and PWVβ value were independent risk factors for coronary heart disease.Conclusion PWVβ value can be regarded as one index for observing artherosclerosis lesion degree and predicting early lesion.PWVβvalue of the common carotid artery can be an important index for dynamically observing the occurrence and development of artherosclerosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of sniffing position in alleviating glossoptosis during the emergence from anesthesia in children. Methods Two hundred pediatric patients who developed glos?soptosis during the emergence from anesthesia, aged 2-8 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ or Ⅱ, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=50 each) using a random number table:head extension position group ( group A ) , head tilted position group ( group B ) , oropharyngeal airway group ( group C) and sniffing position group ( group D) . Alleviation of glossoptosis, and occurrence of la?ryngospasm, agitation, vomiting and oral hemorrhage were recorded. Alleviation rate was calculated. Re?sults Compared with group A, the alleviation rate was significantly increased in C and D groups, the alle?viation rate was decreased in group B, and the incidence of laryngospasm, agitation and oral hemorrhage was increased in group C ( P<0?05 ) . Conclusion Sniffing position can effectively alleviate glossoptosis during the emergence from anesthesia in children with good safety.