Diabetic foot is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes. Early detection and prompt treatment is of great significance to the prevention of diabetic foot. Imaging is the most convenient and effective method for making an early diagnosis of diabetic foot, and imaging examination can directly and accurately reveal the peripheral vascular disorders, peripheral neuropathy, soft tissue complications, muscle and tendon lesions, bone complications, etc. thus the lesion’s extent can be exactly evaluated, which provides reliable basis for the selection and evaluation of the clinical therapeutic scheme. This paper aims to make a general review about the recent imaging research progress in diabetic foot.

Idiopathic optic neuritis (ION) is a common disorder in neuro-ophthalmology. It harms vision function seriously. However, there are a lots of controversy and confusion about its etiology, etiopathogenesis and outcome of treatments. Recently, potassium channel, such as stichodactyla helianthus peptide (ShK) and TRAM-34, was found to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of ION, and regulation of potassium channel provide a novel immunomodulatory therapy for ION. This paper reviewed the research advance of potassium channel in ION. It is expected to further clarify the pathogenesis and search for effective treatment.

Objective To study the relationship between ankle-brachial index and all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in female Chinese patients with atherosclerotic risk factors.Methods A total of 1744 female patients with no less than two atherosclerotic risk factors were enrolled from several hospitals in Shanghai and Beijing.Baseline exams were measured.All the participants were followed up 13 months.Results The patients with PAD were significantly older than those without PAD[(72.42?9.158)years vs(65.89?10.366)years,P

Objective To compare the performance of newly developed Chronic Kidney Disease Epideniology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation in patients with peripheral arterial diseases (PAD).Methods A total of 841 patients with PAD were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study.Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated by MDRD and CKD-EPI equation respectively, was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis, Bland-Altman method and Kappa test for the evaluation of correlation and consistency.Net reclassification improvement (NRI) was adopted to compare the death risk assessment between these two equations.Results Although the eGFR was 4.33 ml· min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1 higher with MDRD equation than with CKD-EPI equation, there were still significant correlation and fine consistency between eGFRMDRD and eGFRCKD-EPI (Kappa: 0.749, r=0.991, P＜0.05).The CKD-EPI equation re-classified 9 (1.1％) patients upward to higher eGFR category and 143 (17.0％) patients downward to lower eGFR category.Besides, the performance of risk assessment for all-cause death was better with CKD-EPI equation than with MDRD equation (NRI=0.059, P ＜ 0.05), which was not the case for cardiovascular death (NRI=0.022, P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions There is no solid evidence suggesting that CKD-EPI equation performs better than MDRD equation.

Objective To discuss the feasibility on reducing the postoperative pulmonary complications ( PPC) incidence after thoracot-omy on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) though application of incentive spirometry ( IS) . Methods 62 patients with COPD concurrent thoracotomy were divided into control group and observation group,the control group was given routine nebulization,expectoration and other physical treatment;the observation group were given IS besides the conventional treatment. The incidence of PPC,prognosis,and the changes on pulmonary function were compared between these two groups. Results The incidence of PPC and mortality of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,and the inspiratory capacity( IC) from 3~5 days was significantly higher than that of con-trol group. Conclusion Application of IS can reduce the PPC incidence after thoracotomy on COPD patients,and promote the recovery of pulmonary function.

Objective: To discuss the safety issues of moxibustion therapy in view of moxibustion materials. Methods: The analyses and assessment were performed based on the survey carried out on the use of moxa, modem and ancient records, modern studies, and clinical applications. Results:Moxa has been used as both a medicine and a food for a long history in China. Regarding moxibustion specifically, moxa has been proven to be the optimum choice for moxibustion therapy,through practices and experiments by doctors from different generations. No records have shown any side- or adverse-effects of moxa applied in moxibustion therapy. Conclusion: Moxa has been used in multiple ways for several thousands of years by Chinese people. As the main material for moxibustion therapy, its safety has been proven by documents and clinical practices.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of auricular sticking therapy in treating vascular headache. Methods: Fifty patients with vascular headache were randomized into two groups, 25 cases in each. The treatment group received auricular sticking therapy with magnetic pearls, and the control group was treated by Flunarizine Hydrochloride, 30 d as a treatment session, and the results were measured after one treatment session. Result: The total effective rate was 92.0% in the treatment group while 60.0% in the control group, and the difference was significant (P<0.01). A marked decrease of blood pressure was detected in the treatment group (P<0.05). The mean velocity in middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery both changed significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion: Auricular sticking therapy can significantly improve the condition of vascular headache, as well as reduce blood pressure and help cerebral blood flow.

Objective To establish carotid artery bifurcation aneurysm in canine, and to clarify whether specific hemodynamic insult in combination with arterial wall degeneration will lead to the occurrence and development of aneurysms. Methods New bifurcation aneurysm model of common carotid artery (CCA) was successfully established in 18 dogs, which were randomly divided into the elastase-treated bifurcation group (EBG,n=9) and the control bifurcation group (CBG,n=9). Three dogs were treated with elastase insult to both straight sections of CCA and were used as elastase-treated straight section group (ESG,n=3). Angiographic and hemodynamic analysis was conducted immediately after the operation, as well as 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Histopathological examination was performed 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Results Angiography showed that new aneurysm (mean diameter 3.2 ±0.4 mm) was formed at the apex of CCA bifurcation in 5 dog models of EBG group, while no new aneurysm was observed in both CBG and ESG groups. In EBG group, no rupture of the new aneurysm occurred during the follow-up period. Histological analysis revealed that in EBG group the inner elastic lamina was discontinued, the elastic fiber was disrupted, the muscle layer became thinned, the smooth muscle cells were reduced, and the inflammatory cell (macrophage) infiltration as well as the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased;these changes were statistically significant when compared with those in CBG group and ESG group (P<0.001). Postoperative hemodynamic analysis indicated that in EBG group the wall shear stress at the apex of CCA bifurcation was reduced, the blood flow velocity was decreased, with the relative and total pressure being the highest;all the above changes returned to normal after arterial wall remodeling. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the arterial wall degeneration and the hemodynamic effect at the apex of CCA bifurcation can lead to new aneurysm formation in canine model.

Objective To explore diagnosis and treatment of thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord trauma complicated by thoracoabdominal viscera injury. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 84 cases with thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord trauma complicated by thoracoabdominal viscera injuries treated in our unit from January 1986 to December 2002, of which there were 52 cases with thoracic vertebra fracture (T_6-T_(12)), 32 with lumbar fracture (L_1-L_4), 70 with complicated chest injury, 14 with abdominal injury and 34 with injuries of cranium, extremities and pelvis. Spinal fixation or decompression of spinal cord was performed in 62 cases, drainage in 22, laparotomy in 10 and exploration of skull in nine. Results Eighty-two cases survived, with follow up period for 6-36 months. According to Frankel standard nerve function recovery showed that among 36 cases at grade A, 10 had partial or sensation recovery and the other got nerve function improvement for gradeⅠ-Ⅲ. Delayed diagnosis and missed injuries totaled seven cases (12%). Two cases were died of postoperative MODS. Conclusions As for patients with thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord trauma complicated by thoracoabdominal viscera injury, a comprehensive clinical examination including X-ray or CT is necessary. The treatment should first focus on thoracoabdominal viscera trauma and try to avoid aggravation of spine and spinal cord injury.

ObjectiveTo evaluate surgical management of femoral pseudoaneurysm caused by injection of addictive drugs.MethedsData of 18 cases were reviewed and analysed retrospectively.13 patients underwent primary expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE) external iliofemoral bypass (end to side) grafting. Postoperative anastomotic burst and bleeding in one of the 3 patients undergoing saphenous vein autotransplant in situ was successfully treated by ePTFE grafting. Results All of the grafts were patent as demonstrated by postoperative color Dopler ultrasonography. Although 2 patients had their femoral arteries ligated, limbs of all the 18 patients were salvaged.ConclusionsWhen a suitable saphenous vein is not available for autotransplantation, an artificial vessel grafting is still an effective procedure for managing femoral artery false aneurysm.During operation thorough debridement and avoidance of artificial vessel contamination are the most important factors for preventing infective complications of the graft.