AIM: To investigate and optimize the technology of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of arctiin and arctigenin from Fructus arctii.METHODS: The effects of ultrasonic power,particle size,ratio of liquid to solid,extraction time,extraction temperature and duty factor on the extraction rates of arctiin and arctigenin were investigated,and optimized with orthogonal experiments.RESULTS: The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: particle 80 ～ 100 mesh 14 mL/g,ratio of liquid to solid 400 W ultrasonic power,50 ℃ of extraction temperature,and 10 min of extraction time.CONCLUSION: The optimized conditions are reasonable and reliable.

Objective:To investigate the expression of c-Jun and MMP-9 in gastric cancer tissues,para-cancerous tissues and metastastic lymph nodes,and to explore its role and significance for the clinicopathology and prognosis.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of c-Jun and MMP-9 in tissue microarrays containing gastric normal mucosa(n=32),para-cancerous tissues(n=54),metastastic lymph nodes(n=41),and gastric cancer tissues(n=189).Results:The positive rates for c-Jun and MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer were 73.0%and 78.3%,respectively.The positive rates of c-Jun protein was significantly associated with the degree of differentiation(P<0.05),but was not associated with the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,Lauren type,sex,age or size of tumor(P>0.05).The positive rates of MMP-9 was significantly associated with the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,Lauren type and degree of differentiation(P<0.05),but was not associated with sex,age or size of tumor(P>0.05).The positive rates of MMP-9 expression in the 41 gastnc cancer tissue samples and 41 metastastic lymph node tissue samples were significantly different(P<0.05).In metastastic lymph nodes,the positive rate of MMP-9 expression was higher.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of patients with negative c-Jun and MMP-9 expression was higher than that of patients with positive c-Jun and MMP-9 expression(P<0.05).COX regression analysis showed that c-Jun and MMP-9 expressioh was not independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Conclusion:The expression of c-Jun is positively associated with the degree of differentiation.The increased c-Jun expression maybe an early indicator of gastric Cancer. The high expression of MMP-9 may involve the Occurrence,development,invasion,and metastasis of gastric cancer. C-Jun and MMP-9 are useful markers for predicting the outcome of gastric cancer,but they are not independent prognostic factors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and index of glucose and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total of 44 postmenopausal women with T2DM and 41 healthy postmenopausal women were matched with age, body mass index and menopausal duration. The serum vitamin D was detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the level of 25(OH)D3 in postmenopausal women with T2DM was lower, with no statistical significance. Multiple regression analysis revealed that only BMI(bj'=-0.372, P<0.05) was independently related to 25(OH)D3 with statistical significance. The percentages of 25(OH)D3 deficiency in all subjects in the control group and in the T2DM group were 84.7%, 80.5%, and 88.6%, respectively. The 25(OH)D3 deficiency in the T2DM group was more prevalent than that in the control group, with no statistical difference (P=0.372). The binary logistic regression analysis showed the serum 25(OH)D3 level was not related to the risk of diabetes. CONCLUSION Compared with the control group, a lower 25(OH)D3 level and a higher rate of 25(OH)D3 deficiency is found in T2DM subjects. When rectified by BMI, these is no significant difference. In postmenopausal women, hypovitaminosis D is associated with obesity and dyslipidemia, but not with the risk of T2DM.
Body Mass Index ; Calcitriol ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Postmenopause ; Prevalence ; Vitamin D Deficiency