AIM: To investigate and optimize the technology of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of arctiin and arctigenin from Fructus arctii.METHODS: The effects of ultrasonic power,particle size,ratio of liquid to solid,extraction time,extraction temperature and duty factor on the extraction rates of arctiin and arctigenin were investigated,and optimized with orthogonal experiments.RESULTS: The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: particle 80 ～ 100 mesh 14 mL/g,ratio of liquid to solid 400 W ultrasonic power,50 ℃ of extraction temperature,and 10 min of extraction time.CONCLUSION: The optimized conditions are reasonable and reliable.

Objective To observe whether or not long-term inhalation of nitrous oxide can affect the cardiac function in rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex were randomly divided into four groups. Group A: inhaled common air for 50 days as control; Group B: inhaled 500mL/L N_2O for 15 days, two hours every day; Group C: inhaled 500mL/L N_2O for 30 days, two hours every day; Group D: inhaled 500mL/L N_2O for 50 days, two hours every day. Float glass intracellular microelectrode recording technique was used for observation of the duration (MAPD_(90), MAPD_(50) and MAPD_(20)) and amplitude of action potentials (APs) of left ventricular muscle cells in vitro. Angiotensin-2 (Ang-2) and eNOS were detected by immunohistochemical technique. Results ① Compared with that in Group A, the Aps duration of left ventricular muscle cells (MAPD) in Group B had no significant change while the MAPDs in Group C and Group D were extended significantly. There were no significant differences among the four groups in Aps amplitude. ② The expression of Ang-2 did not differ significantly between Group B and Group A. The expression level was higher in Group C and D than in Group A. ③ The expression level of eNOS was significantly lower in Group C and D than in Group A (P<0.05). Conclusion Long-term inhalation of N2O can significantly affect the cardiac function in rats, which may be related to higher expression of AngⅡin the heart induced by the long-time excitation of sympathetic nerves.

Examination paper analysis is an important job in examination management.It includes qualificative analysis and quantitative analysis,which are connective and complementary.This essay discusses the selection and application of examination paper analysis indexes.

Objective:To investigate the expression of c-Jun and MMP-9 in gastric cancer tissues,para-cancerous tissues and metastastic lymph nodes,and to explore its role and significance for the clinicopathology and prognosis.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of c-Jun and MMP-9 in tissue microarrays containing gastric normal mucosa(n=32),para-cancerous tissues(n=54),metastastic lymph nodes(n=41),and gastric cancer tissues(n=189).Results:The positive rates for c-Jun and MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer were 73.0%and 78.3%,respectively.The positive rates of c-Jun protein was significantly associated with the degree of differentiation(P<0.05),but was not associated with the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,Lauren type,sex,age or size of tumor(P>0.05).The positive rates of MMP-9 was significantly associated with the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,Lauren type and degree of differentiation(P<0.05),but was not associated with sex,age or size of tumor(P>0.05).The positive rates of MMP-9 expression in the 41 gastnc cancer tissue samples and 41 metastastic lymph node tissue samples were significantly different(P<0.05).In metastastic lymph nodes,the positive rate of MMP-9 expression was higher.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the survival rate of patients with negative c-Jun and MMP-9 expression was higher than that of patients with positive c-Jun and MMP-9 expression(P<0.05).COX regression analysis showed that c-Jun and MMP-9 expressioh was not independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Conclusion:The expression of c-Jun is positively associated with the degree of differentiation.The increased c-Jun expression maybe an early indicator of gastric Cancer. The high expression of MMP-9 may involve the Occurrence,development,invasion,and metastasis of gastric cancer. C-Jun and MMP-9 are useful markers for predicting the outcome of gastric cancer,but they are not independent prognostic factors.

Objective: To observe the changes of PD-1 expression, mRNA level and cytotoxic activity of CD19 CAR-T cells during the culture process of CAR-T cells. Methods: The peripheral blood T cells of 6 lymphoma patients with high expression of PD-1 and 6 healthy volunteers were the source of CAR-T cells. The expression of PD-1 was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA level of PD-1 was analyzed by PCR. The cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The cytotoxicity was analyzed by LDH assay. Results: ①The transfection efficiency of high PD-1 expression T cells and healthy volunteer T cells were as the same (P>0.05) . ②The cell proliferation capacity of CD19 CAR-T cells from high PD-1 expression T cells or healthy volunteer T cells, with or without PD-1 inhibitor were as the same (P>0.05) . ③The cytotoxicity to lymphoma cells of high PD-1 expression T cells and CAR-T cells were lower than that of these two T cells combined with PD-1 inhibitor and the CAR-T cells from healthy volunteer T cells (P<0.001) . There was no difference of the cytotoxicity between the CAR-T cells from high PD-1 expression T cells combined with PD-1 inhibitor and the CAR-T cells from healthy volunteer (P>0.05) . ④There was no difference of the expression of PD-1 in all CAR-T cell groups during the culture process (P>0.05) . There was no difference of mRNA level of PD-1 in all groups during the culture process (P>0.05) . ⑤The PD-1 expression of CAR-T cells increased by the time of culture after contacting with lymphoma cells (P<0.001) . The PD-1 inhibitors could antagonize this effect. There was no difference of mRNA level of PD-1 in all groups after contacting with lymphoma cells (P>0.05) . Conclusion The PD-1 expression of CAR-T cells from high PD-1 expression T cells increased by the time of culture after contacting with lymphoma cells. However, the mRNA level of PD-1 of all groups did not change, even if PD-1 inhibitor was applied.

To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of modified cell infusion method in reducing the incidence of febrile non?hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR). Methods A total of 69 patients were enrolled in the clinical trial of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR?T) cell treatment from February 2017 to October 2018. Study group received the modified cell infusion method, that 1×106 CAR?T cells were re?suspended in 2 mg human serum albumin with total volume of 20 ml and injected intravenously. The control group was intravenously administrated with CAR?T cell in 100 ml normal saline. The incidence of FNHTR, cytokine releasing syndrome (CRS) grade, cytokine level and efficacy were compared. Results (1)The incidence of FNHTR in the study group was 21.1%, significantly lower than that in the control group (71%)(P=0.000). (2)There was no statistical difference in cell proliferation between the study group and the control group on day 4, 7, 14 and 21 after CAR?T cell infusion (P=10.223, 3.254, 5.551, 7.605). (3)There was no statistical difference in CRS grading between the study group and the control group (P=0.767). There was no statistical difference in the levels of interleukin 2 receptor (IL?2R), IL?6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?α between the two groups. (4)The C?reaction protein (CRP) level of the study group was lower than that of the control group on day 4 and 7 (P=0.026, 0.007). (5)There was no statistical difference of response rates in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and non?Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients between the two groups (PALL=0.842; PNHL=0.866). Conclusion The modified cell infusion method in CD19 CAR?T cell treatment reduces the incidence of treatment?related FNHTR. It does not affect the proliferation of CAR?T cells in vivo, the grading of CRS and the response rates.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of modified cell infusion method in reducing the incidence of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR). Methods: A total of 69 patients were enrolled in the clinical trial of CD₁₉ chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell treatment from February 2017 to October 2018. Study group received the modified cell infusion method, that 1×10⁶ CAR-T cells were re-suspended in 2 mg human serum albumin with total volume of 20 ml and injected intravenously. The control group was intravenously administrated with CAR-T cell in 100 ml normal saline. The incidence of FNHTR, cytokine releasing syndrome (CRS) grade, cytokine level and efficacy were compared. Results: (1)The incidence of FNHTR in the study group was 21.1%, significantly lower than that in the control group (71%)(P=0.000). (2)There was no statistical difference in cell proliferation between the study group and the control group on day 4, 7, 14 and 21 after CAR-T cell infusion (P=10.223, 3.254, 5.551, 7.605). (3)There was no statistical difference in CRS grading between the study group and the control group (P=0.767). There was no statistical difference in the levels of interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α between the two groups. (4)The C-reaction protein (CRP) level of the study group was lower than that of the control group on day 4 and 7 (P=0.026, 0.007). (5)There was no statistical difference of response rates in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients between the two groups (P_ALL=0.842; P_NHL=0.866). Conclusion The modified cell infusion method in CD₁₉ CAR-T cell treatment reduces the incidence of treatment-related FNHTR. It does not affect the proliferation of CAR-T cells in vivo, the grading of CRS and the response rates.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum indexes and the degree of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients with HBeAg-negative and normal ALT,and to establish a new non-invasive model for predicting liver fibrosis in CHB patients.Methods The clinical data of 679 HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infected patients with normal ALT who underwent liver biopsy from October 2012 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Among these patients,they were categorized into the control group(S1,observation group)the and significant fibrosis group(S2/S3/S4,control group)based on liver biopsy results.The LASSO regression model was used for covariates selection and the restricted cubic splines model was used to examine nonlinear associations between covariates and outcomes.We used Logistic regression models to establish predictive models.Results Liver biopsy showed that 48.7%of the patients had obvious fibrosis(S≥2).GGT shows a nonlinear relationship with the degree of liver fibrosis.AST and PT show a positive relationship with the liver fibrosis degree,respectively.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of GGT + PT + AST is 0.68(95%CI:0.64～0.72),and this model performed better than models established using GPR,APRI,and FIB-4.Conclusion The prediction model of GGT + PT+AST has high predictive value on the severity of liver fibrosis among CHB patients whose HBeAg is negative.

Xihuang pills are a classic Chinese patent medicine following the theoretical principle of combining eliminating pathogen with reinforcing healthy qi in both local areas and the whole body， with the effects of clearing heat， detoxifying， alleviating edema， and dissipating mass. This medicine is traditionally used for treating carbuncle， furuncle， multiple abscess， carcinoma of breast， phlegm nodule， scrofula， lung abscess， and intestine abscess caused by fire depression， phlegm stasis， and heat toxin stagnation. It is used for treating malignant tumors， breast hyperplasia， herpes zoster， lymphadenitis， pelvic inflammatory disease， mastitis， vocal cord leukoplakia， and acne in modern medicine. Xihuang pills are now included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The use of high-quality medicinal materials and modern technology enables full retaining of the active components in the medicinal materials. The chemical components in this medicine mainly include amino acids， terpenoids， fatty acids， fatty acid esters， phenols， bile acids， bile pigments， and volatile oils. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that a variety of active components such as bilirubin， bile acid， boswellic acid， and volatile oil in Xihuang pills interact with each other to exert anti-tumor， anti-breast hyperplasia， immunomodulatory， anti-inflammatory， and neuroendocrine-regulating effect. This paper reviews the research progress in the active components and pharmacological effects of Xihuang pills and predicts the quality markers （Q-markers） of this medicine according to the transmission， traceability， specificity， efficacy， measurability， and compound compatibility in the concept of Q-marker. It is suggested that bilirubin， bile acid， taurine， muskone， 11-carbonyl-β-boswellic acid， β-boswellic acid， 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid， octyl acetate， β-elemene， and myrrhone can be used as Q-markers of Xihuang pills， which can provide a basis for research on the material basis and the quality control of Xihuang pills.

Objective: To investigate the different functions of humanized and murinized CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells against Raji cell line in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from eight patients with lymphoma who were going to receive CD19 CAR-T cell therapy and used for the preparation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as humanized and murinized CAR-T cells. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were detected with CCK-8 and LDH assays, respectively. A tumor-bearing mouse model was established by injecting BALB/c female nude mice with fluorescent Raji cells. Changes in tumor volume in these mice were observed by in vivo imaging technology. The transfection efficiency and amount of CAR-T cells in the mice were detected with flow cytometry. Results: No statistical difference in transfection efficiency was found between humanized and murinized CAR-T cells, nor in cell proliferation at 24 h of culture in vitro(P=0.104). The proliferation of humanized CAR-T cells showed a significant increase compared with that of murinized CAR-T cells at 48 h of culture (P=0.009). Similarly, the cytotoxicity of the two types of CAR-T cells against Raji cells showed no significant difference at 24 h at any effector/target (E/T) ratio (1∶1 or 4∶1), and that of humanized CAR-T cells was higher than that of murinized CAR-T cells at both E/T ratios at 48 h (E/T ratio=1∶1, P=0.005; E/T ratio=4∶1, P=0.008). Moreover, the cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells was higher than that of PBMC in any case. Tumor volumes in mice were reduced 14 d after humanized or murinized CAR-T cell therapy, while the mice in the PBMC control group suffered tumor progression. Tumor volume began to increase in mice 21 d after murinized CAR-T cell therapy, while no significant change was observed in the mice treated with humanized CAR-T cells. All of the mice died 25 d after murinized CAR-T cell therapy, while the deaths among those under humanized CAR-T cell therapy occurred on 31 d. The proportion of CAR-T cells in mice reached the peak 7 d after receiving humanized or murinized CAR-T cell therapy, while that in the humanized group was significantly higher than that in the murinized group at any time point (P_{4 d}=0.001, P_{7 d}=0.000, P_{14 d}=0.003). Murinized CAR-T cells became undetectable on 21 d, while humanized CAR-T cells on 35 d. The maximum survival time for mice in the PBMC and murinized and humanized CAR-T cell groups was 20 d, 25 d and 53 d, respectively. Conclusions Compared with murinized CD19 CAR-T cells, humanized CD19 CAR-T cells showed stronger proliferation potential and cytotoxicity and remained in vivo detectable for a longer period of time. This study indicated that humanized CD19 CAR-T cells were superior to murinized CD19 CAR-T cells for the treatment of B cell lymphoma.