Objective To synthesize a marine natural product, 24-methylenecholesterol. Methods The target molecule was synthesized in 7 steps using hyodeoxycholic acid as the starting material, 3?-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)-cholest-5-ene-24-ketone as the key intermediate and isopropylation as the key step. Results The target molecule was synthesized with a total yield of 66% and confirmed by MS, IR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR. Conclusion Our synthesis of 24-methylenecholesterol is characterized by easily acquired starting material, short synthetic route, high yield and atom-economic.

Objective:To optimize the extraction technology for Sanren Tongbian mixture. Methods:The water amount,decoction time and decoction frequency as the evaluation factors,and the content of amygdalin and the paste-forming rate as the evaluation indi-ces,the extraction process of Sanren Tongbian mixture was optimized by L9 (34 ) orthogonal design. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:adding 8-fold amount of water, decocting twice with 1. 5h for each time. Conclusion: The study provides scientific basis for the research of the extraction technology of Sanren Tongbian mixture, and the further experiments proved that the op-timized process is stable and feasible.

Objective To investigate the predisposing factors of urinary tract infection(UTI) with extendedspectrum beta-lactaraase(ESBLs) producing Escherichia Coli(E. coli) and its resistance to antimicrobial agents.Methods 26 cases of UTI patients with ESBLs producing E. coli from 2003 to 2005 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively and compared with the ESBLs non-producing strains. Results 88.5 % of the patients with UTI in ESBLs producing E. coli had received broad-spectrum antimierobial therapy before the diagnosis, 69.2 % of the patients were complicate UTIS, 42.3 % of the patients experienced invasive operations in urinary tract; the incidence of drug resistance of ESBLs producing bacteria to the second, third-generation cephalosporins and quinolone was significantly higher than that of ESBLs non-producing bacteria, but it was highly sensitive to imipenem. Conclusion The drug resistance of ESBLs producing E. coli is severe gradually. So much attention should be paid to the ESBLs producing bacteria detection in UTIs. Antimicrobial therapy should be initiated under the guidance of drug sensitivity test,it is necessary to rid the predisposing factors of UITs as much as possible in order to decrease ESBLs-producing bacteria infection.

Objective To simultaneously determine the quantify liquiritin, glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid inXianlong-Jiedu Yin by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE).Methods HPCE method was performed on a fused silica capillary coates 75μm×85 cm (effective column length 78.5 cm) using 50 mmol/L borax solution-acetonitrile (95:5), with adjusted pH=8.50 as running buffer, lytical 22 kV, and electrokinetic injection 10 s, detected wave length of 254 nm, and temprature maintaining 25℃.Results The liquiritin, glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid were completely separated within 30 minutes, showing good linear relationship in the range of 12-120, 15-150, 8-160μg/ml (r>0.999 3). The average recoveries were 100.70%, 98.51%, 98.40% withRSD 2.49%, 2.79%, 0.40%, respectively.Conclusions The HPCE was suitable for the determination of liquiritin, glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid inXianLong-JieDu Yin, which can be used for the quality control.

s: Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk. polysaccharide (CPPC) has various biological activities including hypolipemic effect, hypoglycemic effect, anti-oxidant effect, anti-tumor effect and immunomodulatiry;especially that hypolipemic effect and hypoglycemic effect have become the research hotspots in recent years. This article reviewed extraction, purification, content determination and biological activity of CPPC in the latest decade, with a purpose to provide references for the deep research and industrial development CPPC.

Objective To establish quality control method for Qingzao Runfei Mixture. Methods Mulberry Leaves,Glycyrrhiza,Radix Glehniae,Ophiopogon Japonicus and Loquat Leaves were identified by TLC. Glycyrrhizic Acid was determinated by HPLC. Results The negative sample of TLC had no interference. The specifity was good. Glycyrrhizic acid showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.203 1～1.692 1 ?g,r =0.999 8. The average recovery was 98.24%,and RSD was 2.3%. Conclusion The established methods are simple,quick and with good reproducibility. This study provides methods for the quality control of Qingzao Runfei Mixture.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pure adenoidectomy,adenoidectomy with partial tonsillectomy,and adenoidectomy with total tonsillectomy on humoral and cellular immunity of children with OSAHS. METHOD: The children with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography were divided into pure adenoidectomy group(group A),adenoidectomy with partial tonsillectomy group(group B), and adenoidectomy with total tonsillectomy(group C), and there were 50 cases in each group. The serum IgG, IgA, IgM level and peripheral blood T cell subgroup per-centage were detected at 6 months preoperatively and postoperatively. Tonsil grading and polysomnography wereconducted, recording symptoms improvement situation at postoperative 6 months. RESULT: There was no statisticallysignificant difference compared with preoperative(P>0. 05) in humoral immunity and cellular immunity index ofpostoperative 6 months. There was no significani difference(P>C. 05) in curative effect among three groups in the 6th month post-operatively. CONCLUSION All of these three surgical procedures had no obvious effect on humoral orcellular immune function in children, and could effectively treat children OSAHS.
Adenoidectomy ; Antibodies ; blood ; Child ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Humoral ; Palatine Tonsil ; pathology ; Polysomnography ; Postoperative Period ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; immunology ; surgery ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology ; Tonsillectomy

Objective:To explore the characteristic of parenting style and its relationship with self congruence in Tibet middle school students.Methods:Totally 1149 Tibet students in 2 middle schools were investigated by the Scale of EMBU (Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran)and SCCS (Self Consistency and Congruence Scale) from counties resided mainly by Tibet people.Results:The total average scores of Tibet students'self-congruence were lower than the median[(2.8 ± 0.3) < median 3].There was no significant difference between genders [(2.6 ±0.3)vs.(2.7 ±0.4),P >0.05],and the scores of self flexibility had statistical significant difference in gender [(2.9 ±0.5)vs.(2.8 ±0.5),P <0.05].The scores of parenting style in positive elements were negatively correlated with self congruence in Tibet middle school students (r =-0.20,P <0.01 ).Multi-linear regression showed that the element of maternal emotion and understanding had negative relevance with SCCS(β=-0.16,P <0.01),while the element of maternal rejection and denial had positive relevance with SCCS(β=0.16,P <0.01) .Conclusion:It indicates that the level of self-congruence is higher than median,and that parenting style might have a certain relationship with self congruence in Tibet middle school students.

Objective To know the correlation about PetCO_2 and PaCO_2, the meanings of PetCO_2monitoring in respiratory failure patients with mechanical ventilation, and then summarize the related nurs-ing points. Methods Divided 112 patients in ICU into the A group(58 eases) and the B group(54 cas-es) according to their station of hemodynamics. Mechanical ventilation were used in both the two groups,PetCO_2 and PaCO_2 were monitored at the same time, and then observed the correlation of PetCO_2 and Pa-CO_2 in both the two groups. Results There was a significant corrlation in the A group about PetCO_2 and PaCO_2, while the correlation in the B group was not significant. Conclusions PetCO_2 and PaCO_2 had sat-isfactory corrlation in patients with stable hemedynamies, PetCO_2 monitoring can take place of PaCO_2 in these patients with its sensitive, atraumatic, consecutive and convient merits.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the residues determination of Pb,Cd,Cu,As and Hg in Codonopsis pilo-sula,and evaluate the quality evaluation of C. pilosula of Pingshun County in Shanxi province. METHODS:Microwave diges-tion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was adopted with KED scanning model,RF power was 1 550 W,sampling depth was 5.0 mm,plasma gas(argon)flow rate was 16.0 L/min,helium partial pressure was 0.1 mbar,argon gas was 0.6 mbar, the vacuum degree of 5×10-8 mbar,branch turbopump speed was 1 000 hz,sampling cone aperture was 1.0 mm,skimmer aperture was 0.5 mm,the spray chamber temperature was 2.7 ℃,the data collection was repeated 3 times. RESULTS:The linear range was 0-20 ng/ml for Pb(r=0.999 3),0-10 ng/ml for Cd(r=0.998 5),0-250 ng/ml for Cu(r=0.998 8),0-20 ng/ml for As(r=0.999 0) and 0-1.0 ng/ml for Hg(r=0.997 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3.0%;recoveries were 95.80%-100.20%(RSD=1.85%,n=6),94.50%-98.00%(RSD=1.26%,n=6),98.52%-102.43%(RSD=1.60%,n=6), 94.90%-98.70%(RSD=2.29%,n=6)and 96.00%-101.00%(RSD=1.84%,n=6);the limits of detection were 0.021 0,0.003 4, 0.043 7,0.115 6 and 0.005 6 ng/kg,respectively. Pb,Cd,Cu,and As were detetcted,and Hg was not detected,the range of total contents was 7.185 2~12.558 0 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple with good precision,stability and reproducibility, and can be used for the residues determination of Pb,Cd,Cu,As and Hg in C. pilosula;heavy metal residues in C. pilosula in Shanxi Pingshun county does not exceed limit values of national and industry standards.