Objective To observe the clinical features of combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion.Methods The clinical data of eight patients of combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion diagnosed by fundus examination and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was analyzed retrospectively,including the causes,fundus manifestations and FFA features.Results 4/8 patients had hypertension and dyslipidemia,2/8 patients had traumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage,one patient had orbital cellulitis and one patient had systemic lupus erythematosus.All the patients had posterior pole retinal edema,hemorrhage,thin retinal artery,dilated vein,and papilledema.FFA showed delayed arterial filling,and there was no filling of retinal arterial branches until the late stage of FFA.Laminar flow delayed in large retinal veins,and there was no filling or only retrograde filling in retinal vein branches.Large areas with dot-like or patchy weak choroidal fluorescence can be observed in five patients.Conclusions Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion is rare with complex etiology.The fundus manifestations and FFA features are atypical,but have features of central retinal artery occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion.

To introduce the prophylaxis methods and dealing experiences of the common malfunctions of electronic gastroscopy. To summarize the prophylaxis methods and dealing experiences of the common malfunctions of electronic gastroscopy in recent years. To do everything carefully in the prophylaxis of the common malfunctions could ensure the high definition and resolution of the electronic gastroscopy. To manipulate properly with effective methods of preventing and dealing common malfunctions in use of electronic gastroscopy can not only lower the cost of repair but also prolong the service life of the machine.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To study the relationship between transcriptional factor c-Jun and Mepe gene expression, and to identify the specific binding site of c-Jun on the promoter of Mepe.METHODS:The expression of c-Jun and Mepe in mouse bone tissue was detected by immunolocalization assay.The mRNA expression of Mepe was determined by real-time PCR when the expression of c-Jun was changed.The techniques of dual luciferase analysis and site-specific mutagenesis were used to measure the effects of c-Jun on the transcriptional activity of Mepe.RESULTS:c-Jun was detected in the nu-cleus of osteocytes, while Mepe was observed in osteocyte cytoplasm.The results of real-time PCR showed that overexpres-sion of c-Jun directly resulted in significantly higher up-regulation of Mepe mRNA.Compared with control group, the tran-scriptional activity of Mepe promoter was increased in osteoblasts which was transfected with pCMV-3Tag-1-c-Jun.Mutation of c-Jun potential binding sites decreased the transcriptional activity of Mepe promoter.CONCLUSION:Mepe gene tran-scription can be up-regulated by c-Jun which binds to the specific sites of Mepe promoter in osteoblasts.

Background Study confirmed that the active microglia may injure retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), and increased cx3cr1 expression is an important factor in microglial activation,and thus blocking the expression of cx3cr1 can inhibit microglial activation, which may be useful in neuronal protection.Objective This study was to analyze the protective effects of cx3cr1 antibody on retinal neuron in rat eyes with IRI.Methods Ninety SD rats were divided into 4 groups according to random number table.IRI models were established by perfusing normal saline solution into the anterior chamber.The cx3cr1 antibody of 1 μl (0.2 μg/μl) was intravitreally injected in the right eyes in the normal rats or model rats as the only cx3cr1 antibody injected group and the model cx3cr1 antibody injected group,respectively,and no any drug was injected in the rats of the normal control group and model control group.Retinal sections were prepared 48 hours after modeling, and apoptosis of retinal neutron was observed under the transmission electron microscope;the morphology of retinas was exmined and the number of survival RGCs was calculated by histopathologic method.The expression of CD68 in activated retinal microglial cells was detected by immunochemistry, and the relative expression levels of cx3cr1 mRNA,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-ct) mRNA and interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) mRNA in the retinas were assayed by real time quantitative PCR.Results The cell nucleus of RGCs showed the round and ellipse in shape and there were abundant organelles in the cells.The mophology of photoreceptors was normal with abundant mitochondrions.Irregular cell shape, disrupture of outer segment membranous disc, proliferative microglial cells in RGC layer were seen in the model group.However,these findings were mild in the model cx3crl antibody group.The mean number of survival RGCs was (38.100 ± 3.929), (37.200 ± 5.266), (26.700 ± 2.584) and (31.700 ± 2.946)/field in the normal control group,only cx3cr1 antibody injected group, model control group and model cx3cr1 antibody injected group,showing significant differences between the model group and the normal control group, only cx3cr1 antibody injected group or model cx3cr1 antibody injected group (t =7.492,6.125,-4.607, all at P＜0.01).The expression levels (absorbance) of CD68 in rat retinas were significantly higher in the model group than those in the normal control group, only cx3cr1 antibody injected group and model cx3cr1 antibody injected group (t =-3.397 ,P =0.008;t =-6.207 ,P =0.000;t =3.494, P =0.007).The relative expression levels of cx3cr1 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA and IL-1 β mRNA in rat retinas were raised in the model group compared with the only cx3er1 antibody injected group and model cx3cr1 antibody injected group (all at P＜0.01).No significant differences were observed in these indicators between the normal control group and the only cx3crl antibody injected group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Intravitreal injection of cx3cr1 antibody to neutralize cx3cr1 levels in retinas can effectively inhibit the activation of retinal microglia,decrease the release of inflammatory factors, reduce the apoptosis of RGCs and thereby protect the retinal neutrons against IRI in SD rats.Intravitreal injection of cx3cr1 is safe and feasible.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pure adenoidectomy,adenoidectomy with partial tonsillectomy,and adenoidectomy with total tonsillectomy on humoral and cellular immunity of children with OSAHS. METHOD: The children with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography were divided into pure adenoidectomy group(group A),adenoidectomy with partial tonsillectomy group(group B), and adenoidectomy with total tonsillectomy(group C), and there were 50 cases in each group. The serum IgG, IgA, IgM level and peripheral blood T cell subgroup per-centage were detected at 6 months preoperatively and postoperatively. Tonsil grading and polysomnography wereconducted, recording symptoms improvement situation at postoperative 6 months. RESULT: There was no statisticallysignificant difference compared with preoperative(P>0. 05) in humoral immunity and cellular immunity index ofpostoperative 6 months. There was no significani difference(P>C. 05) in curative effect among three groups in the 6th month post-operatively. CONCLUSION All of these three surgical procedures had no obvious effect on humoral orcellular immune function in children, and could effectively treat children OSAHS.
Adenoidectomy ; Antibodies ; blood ; Child ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Humoral ; Palatine Tonsil ; pathology ; Polysomnography ; Postoperative Period ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; immunology ; surgery ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology ; Tonsillectomy

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to improve students' ability in practical and theoretical courses of oral health education and to promote students' learning interest and initiative.

METHODSFourth-year students of the oral medical profession from 2006 to 2008 at Weifang Medical University were chosen as research objects for oral health education to explore the experimental teaching reform. The students were divided into test and control groups, with the test group using the "speak out" way of teaching and the control group using the traditional teaching method. Results of after-class evaluation of the test group, as well as final examination and practice examination of the two groups, were analyzed and compared.

RESULTSAfter-class evaluation results of the test group showed that the "speak out" teaching method was recognized by the students and improved students' ability to understand oral health education. The final examination and practice examination results showed that the score of the test group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION"Speak out" teaching methods can improve students' ability for oral health education, in accordance with the trend of teaching reform.

The free radical scavenging effect of flaxseed was screened by HPLC-DPPH ( 2 , 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-high performance liquid chromatography assay ) and colorimetric DPPH methods. To test the effectiveness of the approach, three Lignans ( secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ( SDG ) , secoisolariciresinol ( SECO) and enterodiol( ED) ) with antioxidative properties were investigated both in monomer and mixture. HPLC conditions were optimized using following methods: Waters XBridge C18 was used as stationary phase, acetonil/H2 O was used as mobile phase and detective wavelength was set at 280 nm. Antioxidant activity of standards was investigated by reaction with or without DPPH radical for 20 min as sample and control, respectively. Both of them were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. According to the changes of amount of sample and control, the antioxidant activities of standards were calculated as following order:SDG>SECO>ED. Based on above DPPH-HPLC assay and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, antioxidants extracted from flaxseed were separated, identified and screened. The radical scavenging activities were in the following order:SDG isomer (5)>SDG (4)>7α-[(β-D-glupyranosyl) oxy]-1-methoxyisolariciresinol (1)>(6R,7R, 8S)-1-methoxyisolariciresinol (2)>herbacetindiglucoside (3). It indicated that the HPLC-DPPH assay could be successfully used for the antioxidant activity screening of complex flaxseed extract.

Objective To analyze the changes of thyroid function of healthy primipara before 20 weeks of gestation to establish normal gestational age-specific reference interval of thyroid hormones,and to investigate the prevalence of maternal thyroid disorders during the first half of pregnancy.Methods A total of 1605 healthy primipara without risk factors of thyroid diseases before 20 gestational weeks and 200 non-pregnant healthy women who accepted pre-conception care in Beijing Friendship Hospital from September 2010 to June 2011 were tested for serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antihody (TPOAb) by chemiluminometric immunoanalysis.One thousand two hundred and fourty-three pregnant women among them with negative thyroid antibooly and without previons thyroid diseases were selected as the standard population for normal interval.Gestational age-specific percentile categories for TSH and FT4 were calculated.The prevalence of maternal thyroid disorders was examined by gestational agespecific intervals.Results (1) Compared with non-pregnant women,the median value of serum TSH in pregnant women decreased by 29.56％ to the value of 0.91 mU/L; while that of FT4 rose by 7.79％ to the value of 11.33 pmol/L before 12 weeks; and TSH increased while FT4 decreased during 13 to 20 weeks.(2) The median values and reference intervals (2.5th percentile,97.5th percentile) for TSH were 1.59 mU/L (0.15 mU/L,5.19 mU/L) in no-pregnant women,1.12 mU/L (0.03 mU/L,3.67 mU/L) at 8-12+6 gestational weeks,1.21 mU/L (0.05 mU/L,3.74 mU/L) at 13-16+6 gestational weeks,1.50 mU/L (0.31 mU/L,4.33 mU/L) at 17-19+6 gestational weeks; and the median values and reference intervals (2.5th percentile,97.5th percentile) for FT4 were 9.91 pmol/L (6.69 pmol/L,14.03 pmol/L),10.68 pmol/L (7.98 pmol/L,18.66 pmol/L),10.04 pmol/L (6.18 pmol/L,16.22 pmol/L),9.40 pmol/L (6.44 pmol/L,13.51 pmol/L) respectively.(3) According to gestational age-specific reference intervals,the general prevalence of maternal thyroid disorders,including hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroinemia,was 3.55％ (57/1606).At 8-12+6 gestational weeks,13-16+6 gestational weeks and 17 19+6 gestational weeks,the occurrence of hyperthyroidism was 0.00％,0.13％ and 0.00％;that of hypothyroidism was 0.00％,0.13％ and 0.00％; the incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 3.60％,2.76％ and 3.00％; the occurrence of hypothyroxinemia was 0.16％,0.26％ and 0.86％,respectively.The positive rate of TPOAb at 8-12+6,13-16+6 and 17-19+6 gestational weeks were 22.91％ (140/611),16.56％ (126/761) and 15.45％(36/233),and the total positive rate of TPOAb was 18.82％ (302/1605).The median level of TPOAb was 38.90,41.87 and 39.10 mU/L,respectively.Conclusions Before 20 gestational weeks,specific changes occur in maternal thyroid function.TSH level decreases during 8 to 12 gestational weeks,and then increases gradually; while FT4 level increases during 8 to 12 weeks,and then decreases gradually.Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is common and subclinical hypothyroidisum is the leading problem in thyroid disorders.Screening for thyroid function during early pregnancy is suggested.

Objective To investigate the biological effects of insulin resistance(IR)on the porcine granulosa cells which iS induced by wortmannin,the PI-3K inhibitor and mediated by key molecules including GLUT4 and MAPK during insulin signaling.Methods The model of IR porcine granulosa cell was established in in vitro culture by treatment of wortmannin,and was assessed the amount of3H glucose uptake as well as medium glucose levels by glucose oxidase method.The protein and mRNA expression of GLUT4 and MAPK were evaluated by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR respectively.Resuits The glucose intake was decreased by 40% with treatment of wortmannin at 1.5 μmol/L(P＜0.05).GLUT4 and MAPK were localized mainly to cytoplasm of grantdose cells.When granulosa cells were insulin resistant,the expression of GLUT4 was down-regulated whereas MAPK was up-regulated as compared with the controls.Conclusions Wortmannin treatment can lcad to decreased expression of GLUT4 and increase of IR granulose cells.This metabolic phenotype could induce increased expression of MAPK and mitogenic potential,indicating the cross-talk between two pathways of insulin signaling within ovarian cells.

Objective To establish a new multiplex-PCR assay to improve the detection rate of mutations in the DMD gene in Chinese patients. Methods A retrospective review of DMD deletion spectrum of 355 DMD patients with deletions all over the gene was performed. All deletions were confirmed by " one-step approach" diagnostic procedure and MLPA analysis. The exons with high frequency of mutations were identified to constitute the amplification system and the PCR conditions were optimized. Results Two new multiplex-PCR assays were established. Assay one was used to detect 10 exons including exon 5, 8, 17, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51 and 52 of DMD gene, in two PCR sets. The theoretical detection rate would be 92% (326/355). Assay two was used to detect 5 exons including exon 12, 19, 35, 43 and 54, which could be used to screen additional 5% (17/355) deletion cases. The method was validated in other 22 DMD patients. Multiplex-PCR results were completely identical to the MLPA results in all 22 DMD patients. Conclusions The two multiplex-PCR assays were established based on the analysis of 355 Chinese DMD patients with gene deletions. It is believed that the new approach would be more applicable for deletion detection on the Chinese DMD patients since the DMD cases involved were from the whole country.