Objective To investigate the difference between contrast sensitivity,noise and crowding phenomenon in normal and ametropic amblyopia children. Design Prospective case series. Participants 50 normal children and 50 ametropic amblyopia children. Method Using the noise visual acuity test chart,crowded visual acuity chart and contrast sensitivity visual chart of the visual perception system developed by the National Medical Care Apparatus Engineering Research Center,normal and ametropic amblyopia children were examined in Beijing Tongren Hospital. Main Outcome Measures The number and the constituent ratio of normal and abnormal children in contrast sensitivity,noise and crowding phenomenon. Results The abnormal results of contrast sensitivity in ametropic amblyopia children and normal children were 60 eyes (60%) and 15 eyes (15%) respectively; the abnormal result of noise visual acuity were 62 eyes (62%) and 30 eyes (30%) respectively; the crowded visual acuity were 56 eyes (56%) and 0 eye respectively (all P=0.000). In mild,moderate and severe ametropic amblyopia children,the abnormal results of contrast sensitivity were 32 eyes (51.61%),20 eyes (66.67%) and 8 eyes (100%) respectively (P=0.005),the abnormal results of crowding phenomenon were 30 eyes (48.39%),18 eyes (60%) and 8 eyes (100%) respectively (P=0.010),the abnormal results of noise were 39 eyes (69.90%),18 eyes (60.00%) and 5 eyes (62.5%) respectively (P=0.868). In mild,moderate and severe refractive error children,the abnormal results of contract sensitivity were 33 eyes (70.21%),9 eyes (34.12%) and 17 eyes (62.96%) respectively (P=0.011),the abnormal results of noise were 30 eyes (63.83%),15 eyes (57.69%) and 17 eyes (62.96%) respectively (P=0.868),the abnormal results of crowding phenomenon were 30 eyes (63.83%),11 eyes (42.31%) and 17 eyes (62.96%) respectively (P=0.172). Conclusion Contrast sensitivity,noise and crowding phenomenon in visual perception tests can be used to estimate the impairment of visual perception in amblyopia children.

Objective To investigate the properties of the abilities of spontaneous counterfactual thinking(SCFT) and induced counterfactual thinking(ICFT) produced by undergraduate students with depressive symptoms.Methods Undergraduates were induced to produce SCFT after recalling a negative event and ICFT after reading a story about a traffic event.Then the undergraduates were demanded to complete the counterfactual inference test(CIT).The amount and rationality of CFT and the scores of CIT were analyzed.Results Mild depressive students(MDS) generated a higher amount of SCFT than non-depressive students(NDS),midrange depressive students and severe depressive students(SVDS)(P0.05).The rationality of SCFT generated by four groups were significantly different(P

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the detection of volatile constituents from the leaves and fruits of Piper ni-grum. METHODS:HS-SPME-GC-MS was used. The chromatographic conditions:column was HP-5 MS quartz elastic capillaries, carrier gas was high purity helium(99.999%),flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the inlet temperature was 250 ℃,initial temperature of column was 50 ℃(temperature programmed),split injection with split ratio of 10:1. MS conditions:ionization mode was electron impact ion source,ionization energy was 80 eV,ion source temperature was 230 ℃,quadrupole temperature was 150 ℃,trans-mission line temperature was 280 ℃,electron multiplier voltage was 1588 V,mass scanning range was m/z 30-400. The spectra were retrieved using RTLPEST3. L and NIST08. L,and the relative contents of the volatile constituents were determined by area normalization method. RESULTS:There were 28 volatile constituents in the leaves and 15 in the fruits,respectively accounting for 67.13% and 36.85%. The major volatile constituents of leaves were β-caryophyllene (15.72%),limonene (9.39%),3-carene (9.32%),β-pinene(6.80%),α-terpine(4.98%),etc.,the main volatile constituents of fruits were 1,7,7-trimethyl-2-vinylbicyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-ene(10.45%),espatulenol(8.28%),caryophyllene oxide(4.81%),etc. 5 constituents were owned in both. CON-CLUSIONS:The study basically clears the main volatile constituents from the leaves and fruits of P. nigrum,and verifies existing obvious differences.

The fourth generation poly( amidoamine) dendrimers ( G4. 0 PAMAM) functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube ( G4 . 0-MWCNTs ) was prepared by amidation between carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) and G4. 0 PAMAM. Then a novel hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was fabricated by electrodepositing Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with G4. 0-MWCNTs composites. The modified electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM) , cyclic voltammetry ( CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ( EIS) . A large amounts of highly dispersion PdNPs could be well loaded on the surface of the G4. 0-MWCNTs, and the modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2 O2 . Under the optimized conditions, the reduction peak currents of H2 O2 were linear to their concentrations in the range from 1. 0 × 10-9 mol/L to 1. 0×10-3 mol/L and the limit of detection of 2. 3×10-8 mol/L was obtained. The recovery of standard addition for human serum samples was 96 . 7%-103 . 1%.

Objective To explore the biomechanical characteristics of the pharynx in patients with aspiration after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods Clinical data on NPC patients with dysphagia admitted between July 2011 and June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Twenty-three patients were found who had received videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs) and whose pharyngeal pressure and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxing were tested using high-resolution solid-state manometry (HRM).The cases were divided into an aspiration group and a non-aspiration group according to the VFSS results.Differences in biomechanical parameters between the 2 groups when taking food of different viscosity were compared.Results Patients with aspiration had significantly higher UES residual pressure when taking thick liquids (20.1± 14.3 mmHg) and paste (18.0± 14.3 mmHg) than patients not aspirating (9.3±9.2 mmHg and 7.2±8.9 mmHg for thick liquid and paste respectively).But no significant difference in average pharyngeal pressure between the two groups was observed.Conclusion Aspiration after radiotherapy may be correlated with increased UES residual pressure.

To explore the binocular disparity information for children with a normal vision based on computer-assisted evaluation system.We examined the random dot zero-order disparity,line zero-order disparity,2nd-order disparity and random dot motion parallax for 97 children with normal vision.And 94 children reached 100″ vision disparity both in random dot zero-order disparity and line zero-order disparity (pass rate of 96.9％) ; all 94 cases passed the 2nd-order disparity and random dot motion parallax.Thus children with a normal vision develop their stereopsis.

Compound Danshen Dripping Pills has curative effect of angina pectoris,coronary heart disease,and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,which is widely used in clinic.With the development of basic research and clinical pharmacology,it is particularly important to carry out more comprehensive and systematic quality control.At present,fingerprint technology is developing rapidly and has been recognized by many countries.In this article,we summarized the research situation of Compound Danshen Dropping Pills and its raw materials from two aspects of chromatography and spectroscopy (such as LC,CE,IR,NMR and so on).It will provide reference or the further establishment of a reasonable quality control method.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell ; surgery ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; Embolism, Cholesterol ; etiology ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications

Objective To investigate the role of octabedral montone on ileum NF-κB activation in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).Methods 120 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group(A),ANP group(B),mosapride treatment group(C),montone treatment group(D),montone and mosapride treatment group (E).Retrograde pancreatic duct injection of sodium taurocholate was used to establish ANP models,octahedral montone and mosapride were given by intragastric feeding 30 min before ANP model induction,group A was injected NS after opening the abdomen.Pancreatic tissue injury was evaluated;the serum level of TNF-a and IL-1 was determined;the ultrastructural changes of the ileum was observed.The expression of NF-κB in the ileum mucosa was detemined by immunohistochemistry.The expression of IκBa protein in the ileum tissue was determined by Western blotting.Results Compared with group A,pancreatic tissue injury was more severe in group B,and serum level of TNF-a and IL-1 was much higher in group B [(36.79±1.14) vs (9.00±0.01 )pg/ml,(25.17±1.93) vs (3.45±0.11)ng/ml,P＜0.05];the height of the villi was significantly lower[(0.25±0.22 )×10~(-6) mvs(1.50±0.33 )×10~(-6) m,P＜0.05)],the index of columnar cell was significantly lower[(2.40±1.65)×10~(-6)m vs (13.5±4.28)×10~6/m,P＜0.05)];the expressions of NF-κB was significantly eleveted(6.92±1.54vs 1.28±0.29,P＜0.05),the expressions of IκBa protein was significantly decreased(3.30±1.99 vs 24.32±1.93).There was no significant difference between group D and C.The serum level of TNF-a and IL-1[(30.57±0.39)pg/ml and(13.45±1.26)ng/ml],the height of the villi and the index of columnar cell[(1.05±0.28)×10~(-6)m and(10.10±2.50)×10~6/m]and the expressions of NF-κB(4.3240±1.5657)and IκBa(15.987±1.262)was statistically significantly different compared with those of the ANP group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Octahedral montone and mosapride could decrease the NF-κB activation and ameliorate the inflammation of ileum and pancreas during the course of ANP.

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of octahedral montone in rats with acute pancreatitis.Methods Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation ( SO) group, a severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group and a treatment with octahedral montone group.Retrograde pancreatic ductal injection of 5% cholate sodium in rats was used to establish SAP models.Sham operation was done with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline.In the treated group octahedral montone was given through enema half hour before inducing SAP model.Then, we evaluate the pancreatic injury and detect the level of TNF-alpha, diamine oxidase ( DAO) and endotoxin.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to determine the expressions of the tight junction protein occludin in the endothelial cells of intestinal mucosa at the time of hour 3,6, 12 after operation.Results ( 1 ) The pathological scores of pancreatitis were significantly higher in the SAP group than those in the treatment group and SO group (P < 0.05 ).(2) Compared with the SO group, the level of TNF-alpha in the SAP group and the treatment group was much higher ( P < 0.05 ) , but the level in the treatment group was lower than that in the SAP group ( P < 0.05 ).(3) The serum concentration of DAO and endotoxin was significantly increased in the SAP group, and the concentration in treatment group was higher than that in the SO group (P <0.01) , but lower than that in the SAP group ( P <0.01 ).The occludin protein and mRNA expression in the SAP group was the lowest and the expression in the treatment group was higher than that in the SAP group (P <0.01) ,but lower than that in the SO group (P < 0.01).Conclusions Octahedral montone can improve the colonic barrier function, reduce the endotoxemia, and ameliorate the inflammation during acute pancreatitis.