Objective To investigate the difference between contrast sensitivity,noise and crowding phenomenon in normal and ametropic amblyopia children. Design Prospective case series. Participants 50 normal children and 50 ametropic amblyopia children. Method Using the noise visual acuity test chart,crowded visual acuity chart and contrast sensitivity visual chart of the visual perception system developed by the National Medical Care Apparatus Engineering Research Center,normal and ametropic amblyopia children were examined in Beijing Tongren Hospital. Main Outcome Measures The number and the constituent ratio of normal and abnormal children in contrast sensitivity,noise and crowding phenomenon. Results The abnormal results of contrast sensitivity in ametropic amblyopia children and normal children were 60 eyes (60%) and 15 eyes (15%) respectively; the abnormal result of noise visual acuity were 62 eyes (62%) and 30 eyes (30%) respectively; the crowded visual acuity were 56 eyes (56%) and 0 eye respectively (all P=0.000). In mild,moderate and severe ametropic amblyopia children,the abnormal results of contrast sensitivity were 32 eyes (51.61%),20 eyes (66.67%) and 8 eyes (100%) respectively (P=0.005),the abnormal results of crowding phenomenon were 30 eyes (48.39%),18 eyes (60%) and 8 eyes (100%) respectively (P=0.010),the abnormal results of noise were 39 eyes (69.90%),18 eyes (60.00%) and 5 eyes (62.5%) respectively (P=0.868). In mild,moderate and severe refractive error children,the abnormal results of contract sensitivity were 33 eyes (70.21%),9 eyes (34.12%) and 17 eyes (62.96%) respectively (P=0.011),the abnormal results of noise were 30 eyes (63.83%),15 eyes (57.69%) and 17 eyes (62.96%) respectively (P=0.868),the abnormal results of crowding phenomenon were 30 eyes (63.83%),11 eyes (42.31%) and 17 eyes (62.96%) respectively (P=0.172). Conclusion Contrast sensitivity,noise and crowding phenomenon in visual perception tests can be used to estimate the impairment of visual perception in amblyopia children.

Objective To investigate the properties of the abilities of spontaneous counterfactual thinking(SCFT) and induced counterfactual thinking(ICFT) produced by undergraduate students with depressive symptoms.Methods Undergraduates were induced to produce SCFT after recalling a negative event and ICFT after reading a story about a traffic event.Then the undergraduates were demanded to complete the counterfactual inference test(CIT).The amount and rationality of CFT and the scores of CIT were analyzed.Results Mild depressive students(MDS) generated a higher amount of SCFT than non-depressive students(NDS),midrange depressive students and severe depressive students(SVDS)(P0.05).The rationality of SCFT generated by four groups were significantly different(P

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the detection of volatile constituents from the leaves and fruits of Piper ni-grum. METHODS:HS-SPME-GC-MS was used. The chromatographic conditions:column was HP-5 MS quartz elastic capillaries, carrier gas was high purity helium(99.999%),flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the inlet temperature was 250 ℃,initial temperature of column was 50 ℃(temperature programmed),split injection with split ratio of 10:1. MS conditions:ionization mode was electron impact ion source,ionization energy was 80 eV,ion source temperature was 230 ℃,quadrupole temperature was 150 ℃,trans-mission line temperature was 280 ℃,electron multiplier voltage was 1588 V,mass scanning range was m/z 30-400. The spectra were retrieved using RTLPEST3. L and NIST08. L,and the relative contents of the volatile constituents were determined by area normalization method. RESULTS:There were 28 volatile constituents in the leaves and 15 in the fruits,respectively accounting for 67.13% and 36.85%. The major volatile constituents of leaves were β-caryophyllene (15.72%),limonene (9.39%),3-carene (9.32%),β-pinene(6.80%),α-terpine(4.98%),etc.,the main volatile constituents of fruits were 1,7,7-trimethyl-2-vinylbicyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-ene(10.45%),espatulenol(8.28%),caryophyllene oxide(4.81%),etc. 5 constituents were owned in both. CON-CLUSIONS:The study basically clears the main volatile constituents from the leaves and fruits of P. nigrum,and verifies existing obvious differences.

Objective To explore the biomechanical characteristics of the pharynx in patients with aspiration after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods Clinical data on NPC patients with dysphagia admitted between July 2011 and June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Twenty-three patients were found who had received videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs) and whose pharyngeal pressure and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxing were tested using high-resolution solid-state manometry (HRM).The cases were divided into an aspiration group and a non-aspiration group according to the VFSS results.Differences in biomechanical parameters between the 2 groups when taking food of different viscosity were compared.Results Patients with aspiration had significantly higher UES residual pressure when taking thick liquids (20.1± 14.3 mmHg) and paste (18.0± 14.3 mmHg) than patients not aspirating (9.3±9.2 mmHg and 7.2±8.9 mmHg for thick liquid and paste respectively).But no significant difference in average pharyngeal pressure between the two groups was observed.Conclusion Aspiration after radiotherapy may be correlated with increased UES residual pressure.

The fourth generation poly( amidoamine) dendrimers ( G4. 0 PAMAM) functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube ( G4 . 0-MWCNTs ) was prepared by amidation between carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) and G4. 0 PAMAM. Then a novel hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was fabricated by electrodepositing Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with G4. 0-MWCNTs composites. The modified electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM) , cyclic voltammetry ( CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ( EIS) . A large amounts of highly dispersion PdNPs could be well loaded on the surface of the G4. 0-MWCNTs, and the modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2 O2 . Under the optimized conditions, the reduction peak currents of H2 O2 were linear to their concentrations in the range from 1. 0 × 10-9 mol/L to 1. 0×10-3 mol/L and the limit of detection of 2. 3×10-8 mol/L was obtained. The recovery of standard addition for human serum samples was 96 . 7%-103 . 1%.

Compound Danshen Dripping Pills has curative effect of angina pectoris,coronary heart disease,and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,which is widely used in clinic.With the development of basic research and clinical pharmacology,it is particularly important to carry out more comprehensive and systematic quality control.At present,fingerprint technology is developing rapidly and has been recognized by many countries.In this article,we summarized the research situation of Compound Danshen Dropping Pills and its raw materials from two aspects of chromatography and spectroscopy (such as LC,CE,IR,NMR and so on).It will provide reference or the further establishment of a reasonable quality control method.

To explore the binocular disparity information for children with a normal vision based on computer-assisted evaluation system.We examined the random dot zero-order disparity,line zero-order disparity,2nd-order disparity and random dot motion parallax for 97 children with normal vision.And 94 children reached 100″ vision disparity both in random dot zero-order disparity and line zero-order disparity (pass rate of 96.9％) ; all 94 cases passed the 2nd-order disparity and random dot motion parallax.Thus children with a normal vision develop their stereopsis.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell ; surgery ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Infarction ; etiology ; Embolism, Cholesterol ; etiology ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications

Objective To investigate Danhong in improving the movement function of reperfused rat after stroke. Methods Rats to make middle cerebral artery occlusion model,after 24 hours of reperfusion were divided into control group,high dose and low dose of Danhong groups and Venorruton group randomly. Rats in Control group were injected saline. High and low dose group were injected DanHong according to their weight,high dose as 14. 4 mg/kg,low dose as 3. 6 mg/kg. Venorruton group were injected Venorruton as 0. 04 g/kg. The infarcted square of rat brain was measured,the rats were tested with walking wood bar and two fore limb grasp strength. Results Rat infarcted squre in 24 hours and 3 days,control groups is the biggest,compared with others,there are statistically difference(P<0. 05). Score in each group of walking wood bar in 3rd days are (1. 30 ± 0. 91),(3. 78 ± 1. 72),(4. 18 ± 2. 05),(4. 63 ± 2. 45). Compared between control and other druge groups,there are statistically differnec(P<0. 05). There are statistically differences between control and other groups in two fore limb grasp testing(P<0. 05). Conclusion Danhong has the same effect which can improve the movement function to stroke rat as Venorruton.

BACKGROUND:Ideal osteochondral tissue-engineered scaffolds should be able to mimic the normal structure ofhuman articular cartilage. OBJECTIVE:To prepare a layered osteochondral composite scaffold based on the anatomical and physiological functions of osteochondral articular cartilage and to observe its repair effect on osteochondral defects in rabbits. METHODS:The poly (lactide-glycolide acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate organic solution was sprayed on the surface of cartilage scaffold using rapid prototyping technology. The layered osteochondral composite scaffold was formed by the“dissolving-adhesion”process. Sixty rabbits were enrol ed, modeled into left knee articular cartilage defects, and then randomly divided into three groups. The layered osteochondral composite scaffold and cartilage scaffold were implanted into experimental and control groups, respectively. Those without any treatment served as controls. Gross and histological observations of the defect region were performed at 12 and 24 weeks after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Gross observation:At 12 weeks after implantation, the defects in the control group were obvious and not repaired at al;the 24-week defect area was decreased, covered by newly formed tissues, but with rough surface. In the experimental group, the defect surface was flat after 12 weeks of implantation, the texture was soft, and the boundary with the surrounding tissues was unclear;at 24 weeks, the defect was covered with transparent cartilaginous tissues and the surface was smooth. Histological observation:At 12 weeks after implantation, the irregular cal us appeared in the control group, but the trabeculae were not formed;in the experimental group, the thickness of the new cartilage was similar with that of the normal cartilage and there was irregular trabecular bone under the cartilage. After 24 weeks of implantation, there were new tissues in the control group, but the thickness was irregular and uneven and the trabecular structure was irregular;while the cartilage surface was smooth and repaired wel in the experimental group. In contrast, repair effect in the control group was poor as assessed by gross and histological observations. These results show that the layered composite scaffold holds a similar structure with human articular cartilage and can promote the repair of articular cartilage defects.