The Doha Declaration has entrusted to the members of WHO the right to use the compulsory licensing for drug patents in the face of global public health crises.Although the basic compulsory licensing system for drug patents has been established in China, the efficiency of its implementation is low, the responsibility of its executive departments is unclear, the related rules are not fully understood by pharmaceutical enterprises, it is thus necessary to improve and perfect the relevant legal provisions and systems in order to effectively improve the accessibility of drugs.

Objective : To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the influencing factors among students aged 7-22 years in Zhejiang Province. Methods : Stratified random cluster sampling was used to randomly select students aged 7-22 years in 11 prefectures of Zhejiang Province in 2019. Height and weight were measured. The general information, dietary habits and living habits of students were collected using the Student Health Status and Influencing Factors Questionnaire. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity. Results : A total of 33 800 respondents were included, 7 685 (22.74%) were overweight/obese, 4 729 ( 13.99% ) were overweight, and 2 956 ( 8.75% ) were obese. The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that boys ( OR=2.059, 95%CI：1.949-2.175), not living on campus( OR=1.306, 95%CI: 1.214-1.405), history of alcohol consumption ( OR=1.158, 95%CI：1.083-1.238 ), average daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in the past week ( less than once, OR=1.214, 95%CI: 1.103-1.336; once and more, OR=1.431, 95%CI: 1.259-1.626 ), average daily consumption of fries in the past week ( less than once, OR=1.171, 95%CI: 1.065-1.288; once and more, OR=1.266, 95%CI: 1.102-1.454 ), and average daily consumption of sweets in the past week (less than once, OR=0.727, 95%CI: 0.658-0.802; once and more, OR=0.504, 95%CI: 0.444-0.572) were associated with overweight and obesity in students. Conclusion The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among students aged 7-22 years in Zhejiang Province are 13.99% and 8.75%, respectively, which are associated with boys, not living on campus, and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fries, sweets and alcohol.

Objective To explore the application value of Carbon Nanoparticles followed by microscale Methylthioninum Chloride in sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer.Methods Two hundred and eight breast cancer patients were selected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during recent two years who performed sentinel lymph node biopsy.They were randomly divided into five groups according to different lymphatic tracer injected:Sequential group (A group,128 patients),Carbon Nanoparticles group (B group,44 patients) and Methylthioninum Chloride group (C group,36 patients).According to different Methylthioninum Chloride doses,sequential groups were randomly divided into low dose group (A1 group,48 patients),middle dose group (A2 group,42 patients),high dose group (A3 group,38 patients),If sentinel lymph nodes were negative no longer performed axillary lymph nodes dissection.Receive the five groups statistics of detection rate,the condition of lymphatic tracer,the incidence of local skin irritation and so on.Results (1) The detection rate of A,B and C three groups had no obvious difference.The incidence of lymphatic tracer dyed not ideal in B group was higher than A and B two groups,the incidence of local skin stimulation in C group was higher than A and B two groups.(2) A1,A2,A3,three groups had no difference of the detection rate and lymphatic tracer,but the incidence of local skin stimulation in A3 group is higher than A1,A2 two groups.3.5 groups of SLN detection rate had no relationship with patients' age,BMI,tumor size,tumor location,tumor molecular classification factors (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Carbon Nanoparticles followed by microscale Methyhhioninum Chloride detection rate was similar with two separate application,but can reduce the lymphatic vessels not developing situation when used Carbon Nanoparticles alone and reduce the local irritation caused by large dose of Methylthioninum Chloride,so it can be a good choice of SLNB in clinical.

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of abnormal spinal curvature among middle school students in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into formulating intervention measures of abnormal spinal curvature among students. Methods: Middle school students were selected from 90 counties (cities or districts) for abnormal spinal curvature screening using the stratified random cluster sampling method based on the Student Common Diseases and Influencing Factors Program in 2022. Basic information, nutritional status, sedentary time and sleep time were collected through questionnaire surveys and physical examination. Influencing factors for abnormal spinal curvature among middle school students were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 93 988 students were recruited, and 92 559 students responded effectively, with a response rate of 98.48%. There were 48 578 males (52.48%) and 43 981 females (47.52%). A total of 1 690 students with abnormal spinal curvature were detected, accounting for 1.83%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the students who were female (OR=1.331, 95%CI: 1.204-1.471), lived in suburb areas (OR=1.254, 95%CI: 1.135-1.385), were at ages of 14 years and above (14 to 16 years, OR=1.252, 95%CI: 1.108-1.414; >16 years, OR=1.273, 95%CI: 1.090-1.486) and had sedentary time greater than 10 h/d (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.034-1.305) might have higher risks of abnormal spinal curvature, while the students who were overweight or obesity (OR=0.491, 95%CI: 0.426-0.565), regularly adjust the heights of the desks and chairs (OR=0.883, 95%CI: 0.797-0.979), and slept 8 hours or more per day (OR=0.850, 95%CI: 0.765-0.945) might have lower risks of abnormal spinal curvature. Conclusions The prevalence of abnormal spinal curvature among middle school students in Zhejiang Province is associated with gender, region, age, nutritional status, regularly adjusting the heights of desks and chairs, sedentary time and sleep time.

Objective: To investigate the situation and influencing factors of school bullying experienced by primary and middle school students, so as to provide the basis for formulating school bullying intervention measures and promoting students' physical and mental health development. Methods: All the counties (cities, districts) in Zhejiang Province were stratified to urban and suburban areas, primary, junior high and senior high school students were selected using a stratified cluster sampling method. Basic information, lifestyle and school bullying were collected through questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting school bullying experienced by primary and middle school students were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 137 846 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.17%. There were 72 526 males (52.61%) and 65 320 females (47.39%). There were 47 561 primary school students (34.50%), 47 701 junior high school students (34.61%) and 42 584 senior high school students (30.89%). A total of 3 987 students suffered from school bullying, accounting for 2.89%. The proportions of being maliciously teased, being intentionally excluded from group activities/isolated, being teased about physical defects or appearance, being hit/kicked/pushed/shoved/locked in a room, being threatened, and being extorted for money were 2.04%, 1.18%, 1.11%, 0.86%, 0.84% and 0.83%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the students who were males (OR=1.122, 95%CI: 1.048-1.202), lived in suburban areas (OR=1.322, 95%CI: 1.233-1.418), lived in areas with medium (OR=1.086, 95%CI: 1.006-1.173) or underdeveloped (OR=1.298, 95%CI: 1.191-1.415) economic level, had higher academic levels (junior high school, OR=1.380, 95%CI: 1.270-1.499; senior high school, OR=1.210, 95%CI: 1.083-1.351), lived on campus (OR=1.489, 95%CI: 1.372-1.616), engaged in fights (OR=6.029, 95%CI: 5.585-6.509), attempted to smoke (OR=1.320, 95%CI: 1.128-1.545), drank (OR=1.735, 95%CI: 1.575-1.912), were scolded and beaten by parents (OR=1.972, 95%CI: 1.822-2.135) and were obese (OR=1.240, 95%CI: 1.132-1.360) were more likely to experience school bullying. Conclusion The harm of school bullying to the physical and mental health of primary and middle school students should be taken seriously, and active policy measures should be adopted to strengthen intervention.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of scoliosis and identify the influencing factors among children and adolescents in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into the management of scoliosis among children and adolescents. Methods: The fourth, fifth and sixth grade primary school students and the first, second and third grade junior high school students were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method in Jiaxing City in 2019. Students' demographic features, diet habits, physical activity and learning environments and habits were collected using questionnaire surveys. Scoliosis was screened using whole-spine X-ray scans in an upright position, and the factors affecting scoliosis were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Valid surveys were completed among 2 568 students, including 1 352 boys ( 52.65% ) and 1 216 girls ( 47.35% ), and there were 1 335 primary school students ( 51.99% ) and 1 233 junior high school students ( 48.01% ). A total of 93 students were detected with scoliosis, with a prevalence rate of 3.62%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age ( OR=0.826, 95%CI: 0.710-0.960 ), gender ( OR=2.079, 95%CI: 1.343-3.221 ) and vigorous physical activity in the past 7 days ( OR=2.514, 95%CI: 1.248-5.063 ) as factors affecting scoliosis among primary and junior high school students. Conclusions The prevalence of scoliosis is high among primary and junior high school students in Jiaxing City. Age, gender and physical activity may affect the risk of scoliosis. Scoliosis screening is recommended to be included in routine healthy

Objective To observe the characteristics of bone development and body development in 3-7 years old children with cerebral palsy. Methods 50 girls and 50 boys aged 3-7 years with cerebral palsy were included. Their height, weight, length of right and left upper extremities, and both hands bone age were measured by trained professionals. Results Their bone ages of both hands were 1 year younger than actual age (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between right and left hand bone age (P>0.05). Their height growth was in line with the normal children, while the weight growth was a little different. Both sides of upper limbs growed synchronously, and slowed down with the time. There was no significant difference in both sides (P>0.05). Conclusion The bone development of children with cerebral palsy lags behind the life age. Their height growth is close to normal children. The development shows no no significant lateral dominance.

Objective: To identify Euryales Semen and its closely related species using the ITS2 barcode. Method:The total genomic DNAs were extracted from twenty samples of Euryales Semen and its closely related species. The ITS2 regions of the samples were amplified and bidirectional sequenced. Obtained sequences were submitted to the GenBank with Sequin 12.3. ITS2 sequences of 102 samples belonging to thirty species were downloaded from GenBank. The 122 ITS2 sequences were aligned and the genetic distances were analyzed with MEGA 5.1. Identification analyses were performed using BLAST1 and nearest distance methods, and were presented intuitively by constructing neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Result: The length of ITS2 region of Euryales Semen was 214 bp, which was only one haplotype. There was significant divergence of the ITS2 regions among the samples. The NJ tree showed that Euryales Semen could be obviously differed from its closely related species, which had good 408 monophyly. Conclusion: ITS2 regions as a DNA barcode can stably and accurately distinguish Euryales Semen from its closely related species and also provide a new technique to ensure clinical safety in utilization of tradi-tional Chinese medicines. The new exploration could broaden the application of DNA barcoding technology in identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome characterized by diffuse macrovesicular steatosis and excessive lipid accumulation in the liver due to nonalcoholic reasons and other specific factors for liver injury, including simple fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. With the increasing incidence of NAFLD, the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is also increasing, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. This paper summarizes the roles of lipid accumulation, related cells, proteins, hormones, and metabolites in malignant transformation of hepatocytes, as well as the relationship between NAFLD, HCC, and lipid metabolism, and provides a new perspective for the prevention of HCC in clinical practice.

Scoliosis seriously affects the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Without timely screening and intervention,it will lead to increased deformity,decreased labor capacity,cardiopulmonary complications,back pain and even paraplegia. This article reviews screening and intervention strategies for scoliosis at home and abroad. It concludes that there is lack of scoliosis screening in children and adolescents in China,and the screening results are difficult to compare horizontally because of the significant differences between strategies. It is suggested that scoliosis screening should be included in school healthcare work and formulate strategies with higher accuracy and safety. At the same time,three-dimension technology has good prospects in scoliosis screening and intervention,which is worthy of further development.