Objective To explore the biomechanical characteristics of the pharynx in patients with aspiration after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods Clinical data on NPC patients with dysphagia admitted between July 2011 and June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Twenty-three patients were found who had received videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs) and whose pharyngeal pressure and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxing were tested using high-resolution solid-state manometry (HRM).The cases were divided into an aspiration group and a non-aspiration group according to the VFSS results.Differences in biomechanical parameters between the 2 groups when taking food of different viscosity were compared.Results Patients with aspiration had significantly higher UES residual pressure when taking thick liquids (20.1± 14.3 mmHg) and paste (18.0± 14.3 mmHg) than patients not aspirating (9.3±9.2 mmHg and 7.2±8.9 mmHg for thick liquid and paste respectively).But no significant difference in average pharyngeal pressure between the two groups was observed.Conclusion Aspiration after radiotherapy may be correlated with increased UES residual pressure.

Background The retinal degeneration 11 (rd11) mouse is a newly discovered naturally occurring recessive animal model with lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (Lpcatl) mutation.Previous studies showed that the photoreceptor cells are characterized by typical rod-cone degeneration pattern in rd1 1 mice,while cone degeneration pattern in rd11 mice is unclcar.Objective Using immunofluorescence staining techniques with retinal wholemount,we aim to clarify the degeneration patterns of cone-function related M-opsin or S-opsin in different ages of rd1 1 mice.Methods A total of thirty rd1 1 and C57BL/6J mice at postnatal (P) day 14,28,42 (five in each age group) were sacrificed and retinal wholemounts were prepared.Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the expression of M-opsin or S-opsin in retinal wholemounts,which were photographed with a fluorescent microscope.Cone opsins were compared between rd1 1 retinas and age-matched normal C57BL/6J retinas by manually counting the opsin positive cone cells in different quadrants of the retinas.Results The number of M-opsin or S-opsin positive fluorescent dots in each quadrant was similar at all ages of normal C57BL/6J retina.M-opsin positive fluorescent dots in dorsal/temporal,ventral/temporal,dorsal/nasal and ventral/nasal quadrants of rdl 1 retina at P28 were (414±32),(300± 8),(324 ± 22) and (250± 20)/0.037 mm2,which were lower than the age-matched normal C57BL/6J mice (t =4.114,15.225,7.505,17.990,all at P＜0.05).At the same time the S-opsin positive fluorescent dots in P28 rd11 were (8 ±4),(175 ± 16),(74 ± 13) and (315 ±20)/0.037 mm2,with significant decrease in comparison with those in the age-matched normal C57BL/6J mice (t =8.555,17.076,21.637,13.498,all at P＜0.05).With the development of retinal degeneration in rd11 mice,the M-opsin degeneration spread from central to ventral,nasal and then to temporal and dorsal peripheral retina;and the S-opsin loss started from dorsal/temporal to ventral/nasal retina.Conclusions Most of the M-opsin and S-opsins,especially the S-opsins in rd11 mice,degenerate in 6 weeks.Retinal wholemount and cone opsin immunofluorescent staining provide a useful tool to show the cone degeneration pattern and to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency in ongoing gene therapy study.

Objective: To detect the effect of over expressed human MIR31HG gene on the proliferation and m grat on of PC9 ce Is, and to clarify the mechan sm of oncogene MIR31 HG Methods: The ful length sequence of ong non coding RNA (LncRNA) MIR31HG was amp fed by RT PGR and cloned nto the pcDNA3 1 ( ) eukaryot c expression vector. The PG9 cells were transfected w th the pcDNA3 1 MIR31HG overexpress on vector and control vector pcDNA3 1. The construction of MIR31HG overexpress on vector was detected by enzymatic digest on identification. The stab e cell 1 nes w th overexpress on of MIR31HG (PC9 pcDNA3 1 MIR31HG∗ stab e transfection group) and control ce 1 1 nes (PC9 pcDNA3 1, empty vector group) were established by G418 drug screen ng. and the express on evel of MIR31 HG gene n stably transfected cell ine was detected by RT PGR CCK 8 method and scratch heal ng assay were used to detect the proliferation act vities and m gration ab 1 ties of PC9 eel s. Results: The agarose gel e ectrophoresis resu ts showed that the spec f c gene fragment of MIR31HG was obta ned by amplif cation successfu ly. The gene fragments of target gene and vector were produced by double enzyme digest on of MIR31HG eukaryotic expression vector. The RT PGR resu ts showed that the MIR31HG RNA expression leve in the cells n stable transfect on group was sign ficantly h gher than that in empty vector group (P< 0 05). The results of CGK 8 test showed that the pro iferat on act vities of the eels in stable transfection group were s gnif cant y higher than those in empty vector group at 24, 36 and 48 h after culture ( P<0 01). The results of scratch healing assay showed that the scratch heal ng rate of ce Is n stable transfect on group was sign ficantly h gher than that in empty vector group at 48 h after culture ( P<0 05). Conclusion: The eukaryotic overexpression vector and the PG9 eel line stably transfected w th human LncRNA MIR31 HG gene are constructed successfully, and M1R31 HG overexpression can promote the pro iferat on and m grat on of ung cancer PG9 cells.

Objective To investigate the function and mechanism of miR-149 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods The expression of miR-149 was examined by real-time PCR and calculated by 2-△△Ct method. The cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. The cell migration and invasion were shown by the wound healing assay and transwell migration assay, and the expression of E-cadherin was detected by Western blot. Results The expression of miR-149 was higher in NPC cell lines 5-8F and 6-10B than that in normal immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial NP69. MTT assay showed that miR-149 promoted the proliferation of NPC cell lines. The wound healing assay showed miR-149 promoted the mobility and invasion of NPC cell lines. Inhibition of miR-149 reduced the ability of NPC cell lines to proliferate and invade. miR-149 downregulated the expression of E-cadherin, whereas antagomir which mediated knockdown of miR-149 significantly upregulated the expression of E-cadherin. Conclusion miR-149 might be involved in the invasion and metastasis of NPC through regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Training about master of nursing on professional degree and specialist nurse is the important part of nursing program in China. However, general education, lacking of specialized courses and the imperfect system of evaluation and certification is still exist. There is successful training and certification about them in American. The paper reviewed the educational status of master of nursing on professional degree and the certification standards, as well as authorities of nurse specialists in American. Hopefully, we can make reference for the future nursing field.

Objective: To assess the status of current e cigarette perception and its influencing factors among adolescents in Shanghai, so as to provide reference for the refinement of the prevention and control measures of teenagers e cigarette use. Methods: From May to June 2021, a stratified random cluster sampling was used to investigate 7 456 junior high and high school students in Shanghai. Harm and benefit perception of e cigarette as well as its social environment benefits were collected. Results: The rate of adolescents ever and current e cigarette use was 3.19% and 1.09%, respectively. The top four risk factors for low harm perception of e cigarette were adolescent e cigarette use( OR=2.74, 95%CI =2.10-3.59), high school students ( OR=1.47, 95%CI = 1.32 - 1.64 ), family members ( OR=1.45, 95%CI =1.24-1.70) and friends ( OR=1.36, 95%CI =1.20-1.54) using e cigarette. Adolescent ecigarette use ( OR=2.77, 95%CI =1.97-3.89), high school students( OR=2.11, 95%CI =1.89-2.36), friends ( OR= 1.63, 95%CI =1.42-1.87) and family members using e cigarette( OR=1.39, 95%CI =1.18-1.65) were the top four associated factors for high benefit perception of e cigarette. And, adolescent e cigarette use ( OR=1.95, 95%CI =1.47-2.59), high school students ( OR= 1.73, 95%CI =1.55-1.93), friends ( OR=1.60, 95%CI =1.40-1.82) and pocket money≥200 yuan using e cigarette( OR= 1.29 , 95%CI =1.17-1.43) were the top four risk factors for high social environmental benefit perception of e cigarette. Moreover, perception of e cigarette harm, benefit and social environmental benefit were associated with the risk of future use of e cigarette( OR = 0.78,1.44,1.21, P <0.01). Conclusion Being high school students and using e cigarette by oneself, friends, and family members are the important influencing factors for adolescents e cigarette perception. Both low harm and high benefit perception of e cigarette elevate the risk of future e cigarette use among adolescents, so effective measures should be taken to promote control education about e cigarette and smoke free environment construction.

With the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy in recent years, therapeutic cancer vaccines are attracting increased attention. Compared with personalized neoantigen vaccines, in situ vaccines could form an antigen reservoir in the tumor itself. Subsequently, antitumor immunity is initiated and the response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors of some patients improve without necessitating these patients to undergo the complicated procedures of detecting personalized antigen and customizing and synthesizing antigen peptide. At this stage, the potential of realizing the clinical translation of in situ vaccination is tremendous. In this review, we primarily introduce the mechanisms of radiotherapy and intratumoral immune injection as in situ vaccination and discuss the current status of preclinical study and clinical application of their combination to attract more attention from researchers and clinicians toward in situ vaccination.

Objective The correlation between Hb content,monocyte to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR)and post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)was analyzed,and the application value of Hb and MHR in assisting diagnosis and evaluation of PSCI was discussed.Methods The clinical data of first-time stroke patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022 were collected.The patients were divided into PSCI group and post-stroke no cognitive impairment(PSNCI)group by using MMSE scores.The differences in serum related indicators between the two groups were analyzed to find the risk factors of PSCI.Results There were a total of 81 stroke patients,including 43 in the PSCI group and 38 in the PSNCI group.There were no statistically significant differences in gender,age,history of hypertension,diabetes,smoking,drinking history,white blood cell count,neutrophil count,lymphocyte count,platelet count,total cholesterol,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two groups.The Hb content in PSCI group was significantly lower than that in PSNCI group,and the MHR was significantly higher than that in PSNCI group(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that Hb was positively correlated with MMSE score of stroke patients(rs = 0.353,P＜0.05),and MHR was negatively correlated with MMSE score of stroke patients(rs =-0.325,P＜0.05).According to whether PSCI occurred as the dependent variable,the analysis showed that lower Hb content and higher MHR were independent risk factors for PSCI(OR =1.056,95%CI:1.025-1.088,P＜0.05;OR =0.059,95%CI:0.006-0.577,P＜0.05).The area under ROC curve of Hb in predicting PSCI in stroke patients was 0.76(95%CI:0.656-0.865).The area under ROC curve of MHR for predicting PSCI in stroke patients was 0.62(95%CI:0.497-0.742).Conclusions Hb content and MHR are significantly correlated with PSCI.The decrease of Hb content and the increase of MHR are independent risk factors for PSCI.Hb content and MHR have certain reference value for the prediction and diagnosis of PSCI.

The importance ofdischarge readiness in individual hospital discharge decision-making and health outcomes has been widely recognized. This paper reviews the concept of discharge readiness, assessment objects, implementers, contents, assessment tools and influences of social factors on discharge readiness, in order to provide reference and guidance for promoting targeted interventions to improve patients＇ discharge readiness from the societal level.

Objective:To explore the current situation of the use of assistive devices for mobility in patients with knee osteoarthritis and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, patients with knee osteoarthritis who were admitted to the Orthopedics Department of a Class Ⅲ Grade A general public hospital in Zhengzhou from January to July 2019 were selected as the research objects. The general information questionnaire, the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST) Scale and other scales were used to conduct surveys. Univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the influencing factors of the use of assistive devices for mobility in patients with knee osteoarthritis. In this study, a total of 347 questionnaires were distributed and 340 valid questionnaires were returned. The effective recovery rate was 97.98%.Results:The usage rate of assistive devices for mobility in patients with knee osteoarthritis was 26.47% (90/340) , 5.55% (5/90) of the patients were recommended using assistive devices for mobility by medical staff, 2.22% (2/90) of the patients obtained assistive devices for mobility through professional adaptation, and 81.11% (73/90) of the patients did not receive health education on assistive devices for mobility. The total mean score of the QUEST Scale for 90 patients with knee osteoarthritis using assistive devices for mobility was (3.17±0.34) . Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, monthly income, pain intensity, the activity of daily living status and social support were influencing factors for the use of assistive devices for mobility in patients with knee osteoarthritis ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Patients with knee osteoarthritis have a lower usage rate of assistive devices for mobility, receive fewer professional assistive devices for mobility services, and have lower satisfaction with them. There are many factors affecting whether or not to use assistive devices for mobility. Medical staff should pay more attention to and guide the use of assistive devices for mobility for patients with knee osteoarthritis.