The present paper is to evaluate the scientific research level and development trends of biomedical engineering in China using metrology analysis on Chinese biomedical engineering scientific literatures. Pubmed is used to search the biomedical engineering publications in recent 5 years which are indexed by Science Citation Index, and the number and cited times of these publications and the impact factor of the journals are analyzed. The results show that comparing with the world, although the number of the publication in China has increased in recent 5 years, there is still much room for improvement. Among Chinese mainland, Hongkong and Taiwan, Chinese mainland maintains the obvious advantage in this subject, but Hongkong has the highest average cited number. Shanghai and Beijing have better research ability than other areas in Chinese mainland.
Bibliometrics ; Biomedical Engineering ; China ; Hong Kong ; Journal Impact Factor ; Periodicals as Topic ; PubMed ; Taiwan

OBJECTIVE:To determine the equilibrium solubility and the apparent partition coefficient of sulfamethazine(SM2) in a series of phosphate buffer solutions of different pH so as to provide a basic study for the exploitation of SM2 preparation.METHODS:A series of buffer solutions of different pH were prepared.The apparent solubility was determined by saturation method;Ko/w was calculated with concentration ratio of SM2 in n-octanol and water phase after partition equilibrium.RESULTS:The maximum equilibrium solubility was 1.916 g?L-1 at pH 2 and 1.375 g?L-1 at pH 9,and the maximum of apparent partition coefficient was 3.9070 at pH 8.CONCLUSION:The equilibrium solubility and apparent partition coefficient of SM2 are correlated to pH of the medium.SM2 dissolved preferably when pH6.8,but SM2 was more distributed in the lipid phase and easier to be absorbed by body when pH=3～8.

Objective To investigate changes in CD_4~+ CD_(28)~(null)T cell numbers of peripheral blood and the expression of perforin in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods Sixty-eight patients with acute coronary syndromes,56 with stable angina and 65 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study.CD_4~+ CD_(28)~(null)T lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometric analysis.Results The numbers of CD_4~+ CD_(28)~(null)T lymphocytes in patients with acute coronary syndromes were higher than those in patients with stable angina and in the control subjects(11.6 % vs 2.84% and 0.59%,P

OBJECTIVE: To determine the allelic frequency distribution and genetic parameters of nine non-CODIS DNA index systems of the short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D2S1772, D6S1043, D7S3048, D8S1132, D11S2368, D12S391, D13S325, D18S1364, and GATA198B05). METHODS: A total of 353 blood samples were collected, extracted, amplified, and analyzed from unrelated healthy individuals of Han nationality in Hunan Province, China. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen alleles were observed in the population with corresponding allelic frequencies ranged from 0.001 0 to 0.323 0. For all the nine non-CODIS STR loci, the observed genotypic data showed no significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Ho, He, PIC, DP, and PE of the studied non-CODIS STR loci ranged from 0.1080 to 0.1950, 0.8050 to 0.8920, 0.7700 to 0.8600, 0.9250 to 0.9660 and 0.6070 to 0.7800, respectively. CONCLUSION Nine non-CODIS STR loci have high degrees of polymorphisms, which may be useful in individual forensic identification and parentage testing in forensic practice.
Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Tanshinones, the main bioactive compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza, are the diterpenoid pigments, multiple genes were proved to be involved in their biosynthesis in plants. CYP76AH1 is the initial P450 gene in the tanshinones biosynthetic pathway, its function has been validated by yeast expression and in vitroenzymatic reaction. In order to clarify the function of CYP76AH1 in vivo, in this study, we constructedthe RNA interference of CYP7AH1 in S. miltiorrhiza hairy root. The RNA interference vector with a hairpin structure was constructed using the Gateway technology, and then the interference fragment was integrated into the genome of S. miltiorrhiza mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Several highly CYP76AH1 interference S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were obtained for further analysis.
Agrobacterium ; genetics ; metabolism ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; genetics ; metabolism ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; biosynthesis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; genetics ; metabolism ; microbiology

Astragalus adsurgens seed is one of the most common adulterants of Astragali Complanati Semen in the market, whose morphological characteristics are very similar with A. complanatus seeds (Astragali Complanati Semen). Many identification methods have been reported, such as morphological identification, fluorescence method, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, TLC, HPLC, protein electrophoresis and so on, but there's no much about microscopic identification. In the present study, the morphological characteristics and microscopic characteristics of these two seeds were investigated, which could provide scientific evidence for the identification and classification of Astragali Complanati Semen. Our results showed that these two seeds were slightly different in the color and the appearance, but significantly different in the microstructure of the seed coat and the hilum, and the distribution of fat droplets in the cotyledon cells. So these microscopic characteristics can be applied for the identification of Astragali Complanati Semen.
Astragalus Plant ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Color ; Discriminant Analysis ; Microscopy ; methods ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

Ultrasonic microbubbles were used to open blood-brain barriers (BBB) with a reversed and limited behavior feature in the study, which could improve the brain-targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs. The glioma rat model was prepared. Low-frequency ultrasound was combined with microbubbles to affect the permeability of BBB compared with the permeability of independently administered Evans blue (EB) crossing BBB. Time point and length of ultrasound were investigated whether they affect the permeability of BBB and the damage of brain tissue. The effect of the growth time of glioma on BBB permeability was explored. Only glioma had a very little impact on BBB permeability. However, ultrasonic microbubbles opened the BBB with the features of temporary, limited and reversed behavior and improved EB and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent penetrating BBB. A length of 30 s ultrasound is appropriate for opening BBB and no damage of brain tissue. Drugs should be injected before ultrasound so that they enter into brain as BBB opening. Ultrasonic microbubbles can open BBB effectively and safely, which improve drugs penetrating BBB under proper time point and length.
Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Contrast Media ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Glioma ; drug therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microbubbles ; Permeability ; Rats ; Ultrasonics

OBJECTIVETo develop a HPLC for the determination of plasma concentration of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) and study the pharmacokinetics of GA in rats.

METHODTo sample blood from rat which were injected GA by 1.0 mg x kg(-1) at 0.08, 0.17, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 h and use HPLC to determine the concentration of GA in it, the pharmaeokinetie parameters were accessed by DAS 1.0.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear (r = 0.999 7) within the range of 50-2 000 ng x mL(-1) for GA in plasma. The average recovery was (105.2 +/- 2.23)%, (102.5 +/- 2.95)%, (98.4 +/- 2.32)%. The within-day and between-day derivation (RSD) were less than 4%. GA was fitted to a two compartment open pharmaeokinetie model in rats. The mainly pharmaeokinetie parameters were: t1/2alpha = (0.153 +/- 0.023) h, t1/2beta = (2.365 +/- 0.866) h, C(max) = (2.074 +/- 0.100) mg x L(-1), CL = (0.715 +/- 0.082) L x h(-1) x kg(-1), V(d) = (2.427 +/- 0.872) L x kg(-1), AUC(0-6 h) = (1.302 +/- 0.151) mg x h(-1) x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used to determine the concentration and to investigate the pharmacokinetics of GA in rat. GA was disposed extensively and rapidly in rats.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Precancerous Conditions ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Vaginal Smears ; methods

Endoscopic activity has been used as an endpoint in treatment of Crohn's disease (CD).Simplified Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) is a simple and easy-to-use endoscopic scoring system for CD, however, studies evaluating the correlation between SES-CD and noninvasive inflammatory markers are scarce.Aims: To investigate the correlation between SES-CD and clinical and laboratory inflammatory markers for identifying a noninvasive surrogate marker for endoscopic activity of CD.Methods: Forty-two patients with CD were enrolled for detecting laboratory inflammatory markers including leukocyte and platelet count, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (Alb) and fecal calprotectin (FC);SES-CD and Crohn' disease activity index (CDAI) were assessed.Predictive performance of these markers for endoscopic activity of CD was analyzed by ROC curve, and the correlation of SES-CD with all these markers was evaluated.Results: The platelet count, CRP, ESR, FC and SES-CD were significantly higher in active CD than in inactive CD, while Hb and Alb were significantly lower in active CD (P all <0.05).In all the noninvasive markers, only CDAI and FC had an area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.9 for predicting CD endoscopic activity.Taken 150 as the cut-off value of CDAI and 50 μg/g (the upper limit of normal, ULN) as the cut-off value of FC, the sensitivity of CDAI and FC were 58.8% and 100%, and the specificity were 100% and 60.0%, respectively.SES-CD had moderate correlation with CDAI, platelet count, CRP, ESR, Alb and FC, respectively (P all <0.05).Conclusions: SES-CD is correlated moderately with the clinical and laboratory inflammatory markers, however, when taken the ULN as cut-off value the conventional inflammatory markers such as CDAI, CRP and ESR are hard to predict sensitively and accurately the endoscopic activity of CD;while FC has fairly high accuracy and sensitivity and can be used as a noninvasive surrogate marker for evaluating endoscopic activity of CD.