Interferon ( IFN) kills tumor through:direct tumor killing, stimulating immune response to tumor cells by activating the immune system and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.However, its clinical application has been restrained by the deficiencies such as short half-life and severe side effects.IFN-antibody fusion can bring IFN to the vicinity of tumors using tumor specific antibody, while reducing the concentration of IFN in the rest parts of the body.Thus, system toxicity caused by IFN can be significantly lessened.We herein summarized the research and development of preclinical antibody-interferon conjugates and provide new thought on the development of IFN or antibody based fusion proteins.

Objective To analyze peroxide value and anisidine value of ethyl polyenoate soft capsules and imported drugs and evaluate the oxidative stability.Methods The analysis was carried out on a TSK gel ODS-100 V(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm)with methanol-water(98:2,V/V)as the mobile phase to determine the structure of the vitamin E as antioxidant.The influence on the antioxidation effect of tocopherol acetate andα-tocopherol as excipient in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester drugs was evaluated.Results The structure of vitamin E as antioxidant in domestic drugs was acetate, while vitamin E as excipient in foreign drugs had the structure of α-tocopherol monomer.As antioxidant, the antioxidation effect of tocopherol acetate was better thanα-tocopherol.The structure of vitamin E had a direct impact on the antioxidation effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester drugs.Conclusion The studies provide the basis for evaluate rationality of antioxidant in ethyl polyenoate soft capsules scientifically, which has positive significance for controlling the quality of the drug effectively.

0.05).Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of combination of western medicine and diarrhea method of TCM for treatment of SAP is superior to that of the western medicine alone, it can relieve the abdominal pain and distension rapidly and efficiently,and no gastrointestinal decompression is necessary when the combination method is adopted.The recovery of defecation and rugitus may be the important clinical signs of SAP improvement.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the distribution and drug resistance evolution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria of bloodstream infection in nine tertiary hospitals in Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2021, so as to provide reliable basis for rational selection of antibiotics in clinic. Methods Using the drug sensitive paper method or instrument method, the bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test were carried out in nine tertiary hospitals in different regions according to the unified technical scheme. The results were judged according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoint standard in 2021, and use WHONET5.6 for data statistical analysis. Results A total of 12 003 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from bloodstream infection samples in the past five years, including 7 442 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (62.0%) and 4562 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (38.0%), with an increasing trend in the number of isolated strains; of these, 163 strains (1.4%) were isolated from outpatients and 11 840 strains (98.6%) were isolated from inpatients. The top three gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, of which 309 strains (4.2%) were carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KPN), 29 strains (0.4%) carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and 19 strains (0.3%) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae, and the number of CR-KPN was on the rise year by year. The top three Gram-positive bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium, of which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected for 213 strains, accounting for 27.7%, and decreased from 40.0% in 2017 to 23.4% in 2021, showing a downward trend year by year. No vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci were found. Conclusions The detection and composition of bloodstream infection pathogenic bacteria in multicenter have not changed much in the past five years, but each hospital has its own characteristics. The number of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae increased year by year, which should be paid more attention.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Chinese herbal therapy on T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN).

METHODSTotally 36 inpatients and outpatients at Department of Nephropathy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, from June 2011 to June 2013 were recruited in the treatment group, while 20 volunteers were recruited as the healthy control group. Patients in the IgAN group only took Chinese herbal decoctions by syndrome typing for 3 months (except those accompanied with hypertension additionally took antihypertensive agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and/or dihydropyridines calcium antagonist). No intervention was performed in the healthy control group. The values of Th1, Th2, and CD4+ CD25+ Treg, and red blood cell number in urine were detected using flow cytometry before and after treatment. 24 h urine protein was detected using inmmunoturbidimetry.

RESULTSCompared with the healthy control group, the CD4+ CD25+ Treg level obviously decreased in the IgAN group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01). In the IgAN group, Th1, 24 h urine protein, and urine red blood cell counts were obviously lower after treatment, showing statistical difference when compared with before treatment (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONChinese herbal therapy could reduce urine erythrocyte number and 24 h urine protein of IgAN patients, and down-regulating Th1 expression might be its mechanism.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; Young Adult

AIM To study the phenols from Plantaginis Semen.METHODS The 65％ and 95％ ethanol extracts of Plantaginis Semen were isolated and purified by macroporous resin,silica,ODS,Sephadex and preparative column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as (+)-(7R,7'R,8S,8'S)-neo-olivil (1),erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-ferulic acid ether (2),eriodictyol (3),luteolin (4),chrysoeriol (5),hydroxytyrosol (6),4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-(E)-3-buten-2-one (7),ferulic acid (8),5,7-dihydroxychromone (9).CONCLUSION Compounds 2-3,6-7 and 9 are isolated from genus Plantago for the first time,compound 5 is first obtained from this plant.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of rabbit limbs ischemia/reperfusion on myocardial necrosis and apoptosis in vivo.

METHODSThirty-six healthy new zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) Sham group; (2) I/R(Ischemia/reperfusion) group; (3) RPostC (remote postconditioning) group. The activity of blood serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured at baseline, the end of ischemia after 60 min and 120 min of reperfusion respectively. The extent of myocardial ischemia and the scope of myocardial infarction were assessed by evans blue and Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). The myocardial cell's apoptosis at the area of myocardial ischemia was estimated by Tunel. Protein expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in myocardial ischemic area were analyzed with the method of immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSCompared with I/R group, the myocardial infarct size and the CK activity were significantly reduced in RPostC group. The Tunel positive index of RPostC group in ischemic myocardium was significantly lower than that in I/R group (21.79% +/- 1.07% vs 35.81% +/- 1.10%, P < 0.05). Caspase-3 positive cells index was calculated with randomly selected five regions in each slide and then the positive cells in per hundred cells were calculated. The RPostC group of caspase-3 positive cells was significantly lower than that in I/ R group(25.03% +/- 1.16% as 39% +/- 2.43%, P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the Bax protein expression index and the Bcl-2 protein expression index of I/R group and RPostC group were increased. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of RPostC group decreased, while it was increased in I/R. Compared with the I/R group, the Bax protein expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of RPostC group significantly reduced, but the expression index of Bcl-2 ratio was significantly increased, the differences were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONLimbs ischemia/postconditioning could significantly reduce necrosis and apoptosis of ischemia/reperfusion myocardium. The mechanism of reducing the myocardial cell apoptosis may have relation to inhibiting the activation of pro-apoptotic gene caspase-3 and increased expression of Bcl-2.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; blood supply ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; Necrosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To observe the clinical study of Xiaoaiping tablet combined AP regimen in the treatment of unresectable advance endometrial carcinoma. Methods A total of 268 patients with advance endometrial carcinoma in our hospital were divided into treatment group and control group, 134 cases in each group. The control group was treated by AP regimen and the treatment group was given Xiaoaiping tablet combined AP regimen. The treatment was 3 weeks per course, 4 periods performance, and the 2 year follow-up. After the treatment, the immune index, including IgG, IgA, IgM, CD3+ and CD4+ were detected by a chemical lighting method in the 2 groups. The KPS scores were observed to evaluate the life quality in the 2 groups. During the treatment, the adverse effects of chemotherapy in patients were observated during the treatment. And the survival rates, overall survival and progression-freely-survival were also observed. Results After the treatment, the control rate and efficiency rate were 86.5％ (116/134) and 64.2％(86/134) in treatment group, while the control rate and efficiency rate were 76.9％ (103/134) and 52.2％(70/134) in control group, where there were significantly difference in control rate and efficiency rate (Z values were 3.542 and 3.871, P values were 0.041 and 0.039). After the treatment, the levels of IgG, Ig A, IgM, CD3+ and CD4+ in treatment group were significantly higher than control group (t values were 4.725, 4.930, 4.259, 4.571 and 4.006, P<0.01). After the 1st-4th period of treatment, the KPS scores in treatment group were significantly higher than the control group (t values were 3.124, 3.452, 3.612 and 3.712, P<0.05). After the treatment, the PFS, OS, 1 year survival rate and 2 year survival rate were significantly lower in treatment group than control group (t values were 4.241, 4.421, 3.735 and 3.982, P<0.05). Conclusions The Xiaoaiping tablet combined AP regimen in the treatment of unresectable advance endometrial carcinoma has a good effect, could promote the immune function, decease the adverse effects and prolong the survival time in the patients.

Objective To study the therapeutic window of rapamycin(RPM) concentration in primary recipients of renal transplantation. Methods An open label, multi center study was performed. One hundred primary renal allograft recipients with cadaveric donors were enrolled from 4 transplantation centers in China. The immunosuppressive regimen was triple therapy,i.e.RPM combined with CsA and steroid. A loading dose of RPM 6 mg/d was administered within 48 hours after transplantation, then a maintaining dose of 2 mg/d was administered. The whole blood concentration of RPM was measured by HPLC method. Results The whole blood concentration of RPM in this group was (6.65?2.75)ng/ml, the 10th and 90th percentile for RPM concentration was 3 2 ng/ml and 10 26 ng/ml,respectively.9 5%(8/84)patients suffered from acute rejection during the 6 month period after transplantation in this study, and the concentration of RPM in these was lower than that in non rejection patients(P=0.001). Hyperlipidemia and liver dysfunction were the most frequently adverse events, and RPM concentration was significantly associated with the concentration of triglyceride. Conclusions 4～8 ng/ml is a suitable level for RPM concentration. Regular drug monitoring and reasonable dose modulation may increase the validity and security of RPM.

BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) that are manufactured in good manufacturing practice (GMP) clean rooms should be made into stem cell preparations before administration. Low-temperature preparation has many advantages over cryopreservation preparation; however, little is reported on the effect of short-term low-temperature storage on the biological characteristics of stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of 24-hour low-temperature storage using multiple electrolytes containing 5% human serum albumin on the biological characteristics of ADSCs.METHODS: ADSCs at passages 3-6 at a concentration of 5×109/L were suspended in multiple electrolytes containing 5% human serum albumin. Cell suspension was transferred into cryogenic vials, and then these vials were placed in a cold chain shipping box for 2-8 ℃ low-temperature storage for 24 hours. Cell morphology, adhesion ability, cell viability, cell diameters and cell immunophenotyping before and after the storage were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After low-temperature storage of ADSCs for 24 hours, the number of dead cells increased. Although cell viability decreased significantly, it was still higher than 80%. Cell diameters of living cells increased significantly. (2) After low-temperature storage of ADSCs for 24 hours, few cells which were circle-shaped lost adhesion ability, and most cells could adherently grow, with the spindle-shaped morphology similar to the cells before preservation. (3) After low-temperature storage of ADSCs for 24 hours, HLA-DR, CD34 and CD45 were negatively expressed with a positive rate lower than 2%; CD29, CD73 and CD105 were positively expressed with a positive rate higher than 95%. However, the cell cluster was clearly divided into two parts after the preservation. Cells with enlarged diameters moved right in the FSC/SSC dot-plot. These results show that low-temperature preparation storage has no significant effect on the stemness of ADSCs, such as adhesion ability, cell viability and cell immunophenotype.