Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality from 2002 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for formulating lung cancer prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of lung cancer incidence and mortality among residents in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019 were collected through the Shanghai Cancer Registration and Reporting Management System. The crude incidence and mortality of lung cancer was calculated, and standardized by the data from the Chinese Fifth National Population Census in 2000 (Chinese-standardized rate) and the Segi's world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized rate). The trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer among residents by age and gender were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 12 965 cases of lung cancer were reported in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019, and the crude incidence rate was 80.66/105, the Chinese-standardized incidence rate was 34.54/105, and the world-standardized incidence rate was 31.30/105, all showing upward trends (APC=4.588%, 2.933% and 3.247%, all P<0.05). A total of 10 102 deaths of lung cancer were reported, and the crude mortality rate was 62.30/105, showing an upward trend (APC=0.959%, P<0.05); the Chinese-standardized mortality was 25.93/105, and the world-standardized mortality was 22.05/105, both showing downward trends (APC=-1.282% and -1.263%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (101.39/105 vs. 60.52/105, 85.45/105 vs. 39.87/105, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer showed upward trends with age (both P<0.05), reaching their peaks in the age groups of 80-<85 years (341.37/105) and 85 years or above (355.97/105), respectively. Conclusions The incidence of lung cancer showed an upward trend, while the mortality showed a downward trend in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019. Elderly men were the high-risk group for lung cancer incidence and mortality.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of ET receptor and the apoptosis after intervened with ET receptor antagonist in androgen-independent prostate cancer.

METHODSPC3, an androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line, was used. The expression of ETA and ETB receptor in PC3 was measured through RT-PCR. After intervened with selective ETA and ETB receptor antagonist, the apoptosis in PC3 was studied through flow cytometry and electron microscope.

RESULTSClear signal was obtained in PC3 for ETA receptor mRNA transcript, while the signal for ETB receptor mRNA transcript was very weak. The expression of ETA receptor mRNA was obviously reduced and the apoptosis of PC3 cell was observed after intervened with selective ETA receptor antagonist. There was no change after intervened with selective ETB receptor antagonist.

CONCLUSIONET-1 exerts its effects through the ETA receptor subtype and ETB receptor is silenced in PC3. The expression of ETA was reduced and the apoptosis was observed in PC3 when ETA receptor was blocked. It was dose-dependent.

Androgens ; physiology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; physiology ; Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists ; Endothelin B Receptor Antagonists ; Endothelin-1 ; physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent ; pathology ; Oligopeptides ; administration & dosage ; Peptides, Cyclic ; administration & dosage ; Piperidines ; administration & dosage ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Receptor, Endothelin A ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptor, Endothelin B ; metabolism ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo detect 22q11 microdeletion in the children and fetuses affected by congenital heart defects.

METHODMLPA P250 kit was used to detect 22q11 microdeletion in 100 cases of sporadic congenital heart defects including 40 fetuses and 60 patients diagnosed by ultrasound.

RESULTTwo cases from the fetuses and 1 case from the patients were found to have 22q11 microdeletion.

CONCLUSIONThree cases had 22q11 microdeletion in the congenital heart defects.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of microRNA expression in cortex tissues in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD)and the possible roles of microRNA in the pathogenesis of HIBD. METHODS Rat HIBD model was prepared. The cortex tissues were obtained 14 days after the HIBD event. The microRNA expression profiles were measured using microRNA microarray. Expression of 9 microRNAs (miR-126,-26a,-674-5p,-21,-25,-290, miR-124,-125b-5p and microRNA-9a) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR.

RESULTShe results of microRNA expression profiles indicated that 27 pieces of microRNA were up-regulated more than 2 folds and 60 pieces were down-regulated more than 2 folds compared with the normal control group. The results of the 9 microRNAs detected by quantitative real-time PCR were consistent with those detected by microRNA microarray.

CONCLUSIONSHIBD rats have significant changes in microRNA expression, suggesting that microRNA expression may play important roles in the pathogenesis of HIBD.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; etiology ; genetics ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the oncogene transcriptor c-myc, stimulatory protein 1 (SP1) expression in ameloblastoma (AB) and their relation with telomerase reverse transcripase (hTERT), and to investigate the clinical biological characteristics of AB.

METHODSThe expression was observed in AB by in situ hybridization and SP method.

RESULTSThe positive rates of c-myc mRNA, hTERT mRNA and SP1 protein were 81.5% (44/54), 94.4% (51/54) and 83.3% (45/54), respectively. Their positive rates increased as AB recurred and transformed malignantly. A strong correlation was found between hTERT and c-myc, hTERT and SP1 (rs = 0.853, P < 0.001; rs = 0.900, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONActivity of telomerase plays an important role in the tumorigenesis development of AB. Increasing of hTERT expression may be related to c-myc and SP1. The expression of these three parameters has a significant correlation with the clinical biological characteristics of AB.

Ameloblastoma ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; metabolism ; Sp1 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Telomerase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of pRb and E2F-1, and the association between their expression and the activity of telomerase (hTERT) or cyclin E in human ameloblastoma (AB), and to explore the clinical biological characteristics of AB.

METHODSThe expressions of pRb, E2F-1, cyclin E and hTERT mRNA in human AB were detected by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry (SP method).

RESULTSThe positive expression ratio of pRb in the cell nucleus of AB was 20.4% (11/54). The positive ratio of E2F-1, cyclin E and hTERT mRNA was 92.6% (50/54), 66.7% (36/54) and 94.4% (51/54), respectively. With AB recurrence and malignant transformation, the expression of hTERT, E2F-1, cyclin E was up-regulated. hTERT and cyclin E or E2F-1 mRNA had high positive relation (Spearsman'r(s) = 1.000, P = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONSThe regulatory pathway of Rb/E2F-1 is associated with the cell proliferation and in differentiation of AB. The activity or release of telomerase may be related to the lower expression of Rb and higher expression of E2F-1, and is up-regulated in G(1) late phase by cyclin E.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ameloblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Cyclin E ; biosynthesis ; E2F1 Transcription Factor ; biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; biosynthesis ; Telomerase ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between lifestyle factors, parental obesity and adiposity in children, in order to provide theoretical evidence for public health policy establishment.

METHODSA cross-sectional observation study was conducted among approximately 20 thousand children aged 2 - 18 years old in urban and rural regions of Beijing, by using stratified randomization clustering sampling methods. Familial environmental risk factors of children adiposity and parental obesity were assessed with standardized questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight, were conducted. SPSS 13.0 software was applied to analyze the data, including general description, chi(2) trend test and non-condition logistic analyse.

RESULTSWith IOTF obesity references, the prevalence of obesity in 21,198 children aged 2 - 18 years old was 5.6%. The behavioral characters (for example, smoking and drinking) and children obesity showed significant familial aggregation. In groups including "both parents not smoke", "only one parent smoke" and "both parents smoke", the smoking rates of offsprings were 1.50%, 2.93% and 6.01%, respectively (chi(trend)(2) = 107.009, P < 0.01). A similar pattern was found for offsprings' alcohol consumption rates (5.85%, 9.12% and 13.96%; chi(trend)(2) = 107.009, P < 0.01). Based on parents' BMI status, in groups including "both parents had normal weight", "father was obese", "mother was obese" and "both parents were obese", the prevalence of obesity in children were 3.29%, 11.48%, 9.12% and 27.01%, respectively (chi(trend)(2) = 293.404, P < 0.01). After controlling for sex and ages, factors such as physical exercises, sleeping times per day, fat intakes, watching TV, drinking alcohol were impact factors of children obesity. After controlling of confounding factors, such as children gender, age, birth weight, puberty, smoking history, drinking history, fat intakes, soft drink, physical exercises, education experiences of parents, smoking history, drinking history, family income and so on, maternal obesity had a greater influence on daughters than on sons (OR = 5.93, 95% CI: 3.57 - 9.84), and paternal obesity showed similar influence on sons (OR = 4.29, 95% CI: 3.21 - 5.72). Comparing to parents with normal weight, obese parents had more powerful impact on daughters (OR = 28.51, 95% CI: 15.13 - 53.72) than on sons (OR = 7.21, 95% CI: 4.07 - 12.75), regarding to 2 - 5 years group and 10 - 12 years group versus other age group (OR = 18.67, 95% CI: 1.49 - 234.46; OR = 22.25, 95% CI: 10.62 - 46.59).

CONCLUSIONParental obesity is an independent risk factor of adiposity in children; gender and age affect this association. The lifestyle patterns of parents should have great impact on children. When prevention or intervention with children obesity, familial environmental factors should be emphasized.

Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sampling Studies ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Our previous work demonstrated that under the conditions of restraint stress and under the control of central nervous system (CNS), an immune suppressive protein of stress (ISPS) was generated in peripheral lymph tissue and released into the blood stream, acting as an immune suppressor. In the present work, a protein similar to ISPS was found in human tonsil (a peripheral lymph tissue). Human tonsil was homogenized and the extract was prepared. It was found that lymphocyte proliferation was significantly suppressed by the extract. The suppression induced by the extract was partially reversed by the monoclonal antibody against ISPS (2C4). In ELISA test, the extract was able to bind to the monoclonal antibody. By immunohistochemistry, many ISPS positive cells were found in human tonsil. The ISPS positive cells were also found in human lymph nodes. Taken together, all the results demonstrate that a protein similar to ISPS may exist in human peripheral lymphoid tissue.
Animals ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Palatine Tonsil ; chemistry ; cytology ; Restraint, Physical ; Suppressor Factors, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Tissue Extracts ; pharmacology

Chemokines, a family of small cytokines, were initially characterized as proinflammatory chemoattractant cytokines that regulated cell trafficking and adhesion. Today, attention focuses on chemokines because evidence shows that they play a critical role in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. CXCR7, a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled CXC chemokine receptor, has recently been identified as binding with high affinity to chemokines CXCL11 (I-TAC) and CXCL12 (SDF-1). In this review, we highlight the current knowledge about the role of CXCR7 in the biologic processes of cancer, including cancer growth, survival, adhesion, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and progression. The use of peptides, small molecules, antibodies, or small interfering RNA to target CXCR7 shows promise as new potential avenues for the treatment of cancer.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; pharmacology ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth disease (HFMD) in Shanghai in 2009, epidemiological data was retrieved from the National Notifiable Disease Report System (NNDRS). Nucleic acid of enterovirus (EV) was detected by real-time RT-PCR from 799 HFMD cases from 15 districts/counties in Shanghai; the complete sequences of VP1 encoding region of several identified EV71 strains and sequences of VP4 encoding region of several untyped EV were determined and analyzed. Analysis and summary of the epidemiological data was conducted with Microsoft Excel, and sequence analyses were conducted with both BioEdit and MEGA software. Untyped EV was identified through comparing the VP4 sequence to sequence database using BLAST online service. It was showed that all the 18 districts/counties had reported HFMD cases; children less than 6 years old were the most susceptible population group; the peak of epidemics of HFMD was from April to July; EV71 and Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) were the major pathogens for this epidemic, but the constituent ratio of EV71 and CA16 was different in different months and regions; CA16 infection was mainly responsible for the mild HFMD, but EV71 for most of the severe cases; EV71 strains of Shanghai were clustered with representatives of subgenotype C4a and showed the highest identity to them, based on the sequence analyses of VP1 encoding region; 2 of the untyped EV were identified as CA2 and CA10 respectively. All the results indicated that EV71 and CA16 were the major pathogens for the epidemic of HFMD in Shanghai, 2009; the circulating EV71 belonged to subgenotype C4a. Besides, other types of EV (for example: CA2 and CA10) were also responsible for a few of the HFMD cases.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Epidemics ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny