Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic arthropathy in childhood. Immune and genetic factors take part in the development of JIA and influence its consequence. Studies have identified association between JIA and genes encoding the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) . In this article we discuss the principles behind genetic studies of complex traits like JIA, and comprehensively catalog HLA candidate gene associated with JIA to date, and review several validated associations. Studies indicate that the HLA-Ⅰ, Ⅱ gene and their products play an important role in JIA pathogenesis, clinical course, hormonal effect and prognostic judgment. Studies in different ethnic groups indicate the main relationship between JIA and HLA is concentrated upon A, DR and DQ loci, especially the HLA-Ⅱ gene and some haplotypes. The different type of JIA is always with different HLA susceptible locus and protective locus. Different race, different region and different social environment also affect the JIA's susceptible gene polymorphism. Finally we discuss the problems existed in the study of JIA susceptibility and HLA polymorphism.

Objective:To explore the future development of pharmacists. Methods:The combination of on-site and mailed ques-tionnaire was adopted to investigate the present work situation of pharmacists in hospitals at different levels in 15 provinces and munici-palities of east China. Based on the statistical analysis of data, some problems in the present work of pharmacists were investigated. Results:The data showed that there was a wide gap of human resource among the hospitals at different levels, and the working condi-tion improvement for pharmacists should be performed. Continuing education and legislation were not standardized and unified yet, and the clinical pharmacy and the rational drug use needed further development. Conclusion:The relevant laws and regulations should be established and improved to guarantee the lawful right and interests of pharmacists. The pharmacist training system should be improved to raise the professional quality of pharmacists and promote the development of hospital pharmacy.

Nanometer zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO) has been widely applied in many fields such as rubber,ceramics,textile,cosmetics,etc.due to its excellent physical,chemical and biological properties.In recent years,its applications in biomedicine have been paid more and more attention.This paper introduces the unique optical,chemical,mechanical,semi-conducting and biological properties of Nano-ZnO.Meanwhile,the applications of Nano-ZnO in bio-sensing and detection,biological nutrition,medical treatment,biological imaging,drug delivery,tumor cells targeted killing and translational medicine are also reviewed,and the brief outlook on the applications is presented.

OBJECTIVE:To summarize the method and experience of clinical pharmacist participating in pharmaceutical care for a case of refractory class Ⅳ+Ⅴ lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS:Clinical pharmacists and physicians formulated individualized treatment together,i.e. prednisone 30 mg/d+MMF 0.5 g,q12 h+FK506 1 mg,q12 h;on the fifth day of treatment,the patient suf-fered from ardent fever and increase of blood pressure,and clinical pharmacist suggested using linezolid 0.6 g,ivdrip,q12 h+merope-nem1.0 g,ivdrip,q8 h to control pulmonary infection;using Amlodipine besylate tablet 5 mg,po,qd+one Valsartan hydrochlorothia-zide capsule, po,qd+Arotinolol hydrochlorid tablet 10 mg,po,bid to control blood pressure. RESULTS:Multi-target treatment for re-fractory class Ⅳ+Ⅴ lupus nephritis achieved efficacy:the patient got higher plasma albumin and lower 24 h urine protein quantity af-ter 14 days;the patient suffered from secondary pulmonary infection and high blood pressure;physicians adopted the pharmacist’s suggestion so that pulmonary infection and blood pressure had been controlled. CONCLUSIONS:To ensure the effectiveness and safe-ty of the multi-target treatment,clinical pharmacists should formulate individualized treatment,focus on the possible ADR and provide phamaceutical care in the field of blood pressure monitoring,infection control,etc. when participating in multi-target treatment.

N 6-methyladenine (m 6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification found in a variety of eukaryotic messenger RNAs and long non-coding RNAs, which is dynamically regulated by m 6A methyltransferases and demethylases, and mainly works after recognized by m 6A binding proteins. m 6A is involved in almost every step of the RNA life cycle, including RNA transcription, splicing, localization, nuclear transport, translation, and degradation. Disorder of m 6A modification can lead to RNA dysfunction and abnormal gene expression. m 6A modification regulators express abnormally in various cancers, and play an important role in cancer formation, proliferation, differentiation, invasion and metastasis.

Objective To investigate the short-term effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFM) with biofeedback on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in postpartum and post-menopausal women.Methods According to the different period that the SUI occurs,107 women with SUI were divided into two groups:the group of SUI in postpartum with 60 women,and the group of SUI in post-menopausal with 47 women.PFM with biofeedback was performed on all patients for 8 weeks.One hour pad-weighing test,voiding diary,transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound and female pelvic floor muscle assessment were recorded before and after treatment.Results There was statistically significant difference in 1 hour padweighing test between pre-treatment and post-treatment for the group of SUI in postpartum (the negative,mild,moderate,and severe cases of post-treatment:21,24,14,1,of pre-treatment:0,30,28,2; P＜0.05),and the group of SUI in post-menopausal (the negative,mild,moderate,and severe cases of post-treatment:7,22,11,7,of pre-treatment:0,14,25,8; P＜0.05).The strength of the pelvic floor muscles of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱin two groups after treatment were significantly different from those in pre-treatment (P＜0.01).The efficient rate of improvement in symptoms after treatment in the group of SUI in postpartum was 88％ (53/60) and the cure rate was 38％ (23/60).While the efficient rate in the group of SUI in post-menopausal women was 64％(30/47) and the cure rate was 15％ (7/47).There was statistically significant difference in the development of symptoms in two groups after treatment (P=0.003).Conclusion PFM with biofeedback is an effective treatment for SUI in postpartum and post-menopausal women,especially for postpartum ones.

Humans ; Leukoplakia, Oral ; genetics ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective To explore the relationship between intercranial hemodynamics and nitric oxide(NO),endothelin(ET),nailfold microcirculation in patients with migraine.Methods 50 patients with migraine and 40 normal controls underwent the measurement of intracranial hemodynamics,naifold microcirculation and the level of plasma ET,NO.The results of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The blood flow velocity of intracranial arteries was significantly higher in the patients than that in the normal controls( P

Objective By quantitative tissue velocity i maging(QTVI),to observe longitudinal wall motion characteristics during isovolumic contraction, ejection, isovolumic relaxation, early relaxation, atrial systole phases in regional myocardium of myocardial infarction patients with three diseased blood vessels, and to assess postsystolic shortening in isovolumic relaxation phase and its clinical meanings. Methods Left ventricular regional myocardium of 30 myocardial infarction patients (MI group) and 30 non-cardiac disease subjects (control group) was assessed by QTVI. After dynamic images were collected and information was analyzed off-line, left ventricular myocardial velocity and time velocity integral profiles were acquired along long axis asynchronously in basal and middle segments of different walls, peak velocities (V IC , V S, V IR , V E, V A) during different phases and maximum time velocity integral (TVI max )in regional myocardium was measured. Results Peak velocities(V IC , V S, V IR , V E, V A) in different segments of left ventricular regional myocardium in MI group were lower than those of control group, especially more obviously in infarcted segments. Peak velocity amplitude in ejection declined, but it had positive velocity spike; abnormal positive velocity in isovolumic relaxation phase suggested postsystolic shortening. What's more, time velocity integrals in some segments of MI group had two wave crests, reached maximum in isovolumic relaxation phase, but were still lower than that of control group. Conclusions Systolic and diastolic function in MI patients with three diseased blood vessels are apparently impaired; abnormal movement in isovolumic relaxation phase suggests existence of postsystolic shortening and abnormal wall motion in regional myocardium.V IR is a marker of abnormal regional wall motion and ischemic myocardium.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulation of the host response due to infection, and it can further develop into septic shock.Currently, sepsis is still a leading cause of death in children all over the world.Therefore, early assessment of the severity and prognosis of sepsis is of great significance.However, there are no indexes with high sensitivity and specificity for evaluating the severity and prognosis of sepsis at present.In recent years, a large number of studies have revealed the essential role of platelets in sepsis.It has been reported that the platelet count is an independent factor affecting the severity and prognosis of sepsis patients.Up to now, the specific mechanism of sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia has not been fully clarified.In this review, the value of thrombocytopenia in predicting the severity and prognosis of sepsis patients was elaborated.