Cochlear Implantation ; Humans ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; physiology

Objective The factors influencing the dose distribution of intracavitary brachytherapy for moderately advanced and advanced uterine cervical cancer was studied.Methods Ninty-five patients with cervical cancerⅡ～Ⅲb who received radical radiation therapy in our department from Aug,2004 to Nov,2005,were treated with after-loading brachytherapy using,first,the self-designed“Mutipurpose Hori- zontal Transit Table”(MPHTT) for locating and treatment before the intracavitaray brachytherapy proper. The deviation of isodose curve based on A-B reference system,and the dose of deviation was defined by measuring in a practical standard phantom.Results There were significant influence on the deviation of i- sodose curve in pathology and para-metrial infiltration of cervical cancer and operating skill,but negative to clinical stage.The degree of deviation of isodose curve could not be lowered with the increase in sessions of intracavitary brachytherapy.Conclusions It is necessary to perform the locating,by use of mphtt,before the proper brachytherapy for patients with cervical cancer,not only for the identification of the deviation of i- sodose curve,but also to provide the evidence for revising the plan for dose adjustment of conformal radiation therapy in the pelvic cavity.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Complement System Proteins ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; analysis ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the features of the encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma (EPTC) by ultrasound and histopathology.Methods The EPTC were classified into the following two types based on the shape,characteristics of the border,size of the nodule,echogenicity,a hypoechoic halo and microcalcification by ultrasound features:papillary carcinoma (PC) type and follicular tumor (FT) type.Results Of all the 33 cases,21 cases were PC type and 12 cases were FT type.The histopathological result of PC type was papillary carcinoma.PC type had a jagged border,an irregular tumor shape with marked hypoechogenicity by ultrasound.PC type were composed of papillae by histopathology,completely surrounded by a fibrous capsule with tumor cells having the nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma,densely interstitial fibrosis and microcalcification;FT type had a smooth border,a regular shape (spherical to oval),isoechogenicity and a hypoechoic halo by ultrasound.FT type were completely or significantly composed of follicles by histopathology,completely surrounded by a fibrous capsule with tumor cells having the nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Hypoechoic halo were more frequently observed in FT type than in PC type.The nodule size of FT type(1.8-7.0 cm)was larger than that of PC type(0.8-5.2 cm).Fine and multiple strong echoes were characteristically present only in PC type.Conclusion The EPTC have characteristic features that are similar to those of the benign follicular thyroid tumor by ultrasound.

Background There are a lot of studies about the carrier of corneal endothelial transplantation,but the best carrier has not been defined.Objective This study was to investigate the biocompatibility of chitosan carrier with rabbit corneal endothelium in vivo.Methods Fresh eye-balls were obtained from 10 New Zealand white rabbits.Rabbit corneal endothelial cells (CECs) were isolated and cultured on chitosan carrier in vitro.The morphology and density of rabbits CECs were observed every day,and the expressions of fibronectin (FN),collagen-1 (Coil-I) and Zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) were detected by immunoinfluorescence.The morphology and ultrastructure of CECs were observed under the scanning and transmission electron microscope.Chitosan carrier with CECs was implanted into the anterior chamber of the left eyes in ten healthy New Zealand white rabbits,and only paracentesis of anterior chamber was performed in the right eyes as controls.The inflammation of ocular anterior segment was examined under the slit lamp microscope,and corneal thickness was measured 1 week,4 and 8 weeks after operation.Corneal endothelium cell density and morphology were examined under the corneal endothelial microscope at postoperative 2 weeks.Corneal samples were collected for the regular histopathological examination to observe the inflammatory reaction at postoperative 1 month and 3 months.Paired t test was used for statistical analyses between the control group (left eyes) and the experimental group (right eyes).The use and care of the animals followed the Statement of ARVO.Results CECs formed an intact monolayer of cells with the uniform shape and size on the chitosan membrane after incubated for 5 days.The cells reached confluence of 90％ 7 days after cultured with the 40％ hexagon cells.Under the scanning electron nicroscope,rabbit CECs showed the round or polygon in the shape with the microvillus on the cell surface.The cells connected closely by desmosome.The processes,pseudopodiums and microvillus on the cellular surface,vacuole in the cytoplasm,expanded endoplasmic reticulum with ribosome and abundant chromatin were exhibited under the transmission electron microscope.The immunofluorescence examination revealed the positive expressions of FN,Coll-Ⅰ and ZO-1 in the CECs on the chitosan carrier.In the in vivo experiment,the exudation in the anterior chamber and corneal edema were seen under the slit lamp microscope 3 days after implantation of chitosan carrier with CECs.However,the inflammation was gone 14 days after operation.The differences of the corneal thickness were no significant between the experimental group and the control group 1 week and 4,8 weeks after operation (t =1.377,P=0.265;t =1.795,P=0.165 ; t =0.390,P =0.760).In addition,no significant differences were found in the CECs density and the hexagon cells rate between the two groups(P =0.365,0.062).The histopathological examination showed that the inflammatory cells around the chitosan membrane were disappeared 3 months after operation and showed a good corneal structure.Conclusions Chitosan carrier has a good biocompatibility with rabbit CECs and anterior chamber,and it may be a potentially good carrier for CECs transplantation.

Objective To investigate the nutrition status of the focus groups of iodine deficiency in the 5 coastal counties(districts)in Guangxi in 2008 to propose corresponding prevention and control measures.Methods In the 5 coastal counties(districts)in Guangxi,including Haicheng,Tieshangang,Yinhai districts and Hepu county in Beihai city,Qinnan district in Qinzhou city,the rates of iodized salt coverage,qualified iodized salt and consumption of qualified iodized salt had always been below the average level of Guangxi.In the study,6 towns were randomly picked in Hepu district,and 3 towns were randomly picked in each of the other 4 coastal counties(districts).Two administrative viRages were randomly picked in each town.Forty children ages 8 to 10 and 10 women of child-beating age from 18 to 42 which included 5 pregnant and lactating women,were picked from each administrative village.Arsenic-cerium catalyzed spectrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006)Was used to determine the urinary iodine.Results In total,1437 urine samples of the children Were picked.The median of the children's urinary iodine Was 191.0μg/L,with 1.4%(20/1437)of the children's urinary iodine<20 μg/L,and 5.4%(77/1437)<50 μg/L, and 20.3%(292/1437) < 100 μg/L. The medians of the children's urinary iodine were 134.5 - 220.0 μg/L.In Haicheng and Hepu, the medians of the children's urinary iodine were higher than 200 μg/L(220.0,209.5 μg/L, respectively). The medians of the children's urinary iodine in the other 3 counties(districts) were within the suitable range between 100 and 200 μg/L(134.5,162.4,199.3 μg/L, respectively). The medians of the 8- and 9-year-old ehildren's urinary iodine (192.3,206.7 μg/L, respectively) were higher than that of the 10-year-old children's(157.2 μg/L, χ2 = 19.644,41.997, all P < 0.017). Totally, 365 urine samples of the women were picked.The medians of the women's urinary iodine in the 5 counties were 88.2 - 195.6 μg/L, with 195.6 μg/L in Haicheng and 156.5 μg/L in Hepu, and 88.2 μg/L in Tieshangang, which was the lowest and below 100 μg/L. The median of the childbearing-age women's urinary iodine was the highest(152.6 μg/L). The median of the lactating women's urinary iodine was the second (131.9 μg/L). The median of the pregnant women's urinary iodine was the lowest (89.4 μg/L) and below 100 μg/L. Only 6.7%(2/30) of the pregnant women's urinary iodine were within the suitable range between 150 and 250 μg,/L. Conclusions In the 5 coastal counties(districts) in Guangxi, 8 to 10-year-old children had good nutrition levels while childbearing-age and lactating women were within the suitable range. As a whole, the pregnant women had insufficient iodine nutrition. We propose that the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women is monitored routinely, with further prevention, control measures, health publicity and education necessary to improve iodized salt coverage.

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of caudal homeobox gene CDX2 in acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients .Methods Bone marrow (BM )and peripheral blood (PB)samples were colleted in 114 cases of donor AML patients and 56 patients undergoing chemotherapy .The CDX2 gene expression in every patient′s mononuclera cells were de‐tected by RT‐PCR .Among these patients ,19 cases were detected the gene continuous every three months .Eight healthy PB and five patients with iron deficiency anemia BM as control .Results CDX2 gene transcript levels were detectable in bone marrow mononu‐clear cells from 114 AML patients and 13 healthy donors ,but the level of gene expression was higher in AML patients(90/114 , 78 .9% ) .There was a statistically significant difference between the AML patients and normal donor (P< 0 .01) .The higher or lower expression of CDX2 gene showed no correlation with CR rate .CDX2 gene expression level had a positive correlation in BM and PB mononuclera cells(the correlation coefficient r= 0 .656 ,P< 0 .01) .The expression of CDX2 in patients with CR was 10 .3% -86 .2% of pre‐chemotherapy ,wihch decreased with the treatment course ,while elevated in recurrence .19 cases of patients underwent half a year of follow‐up ,there was no significant difference of the rate of early recurrence in two groups(P>0 .05) .Con‐clusion Higher expression level of CDX2 gene is mostly in AML patients ,but its expression has no relation with CR rate .CDX2 gene may be a prognostic molecular marker in AML patients ,and can be used to monitor the minimal residual disease of Normal chromosome karyotype AML .

Objective To investigate the association between aortic calcification and risk of vertebral fracture in Chinese postmenopausal women.Methods This study recruited 561 postmenopausal women aged 60 or older who were prospectively followed for 3 years.Based on the ACS,the patients were divided into aortic calcification group (n =236) and non-aortic calcification group (n =325).Extent of aortic calcification and incidence of vertebral fracture were quantified on the baseline lateral radiographs of lumbar spine.Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was utilized to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD).Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between aortic calcification and risk of vertebral fracture.Results In aortic calcification group incidence of vertebral fracture was significantly higher than that in non-aortic calcification group (P ＜ 0.01).Moreover vertebral fracture presented an increased incidence while the ACS was higher.After the adjustment of age,body mass index,BMD,current smoking,current drinking,hypertension,diabetes,total cholesterol,myocardial infarction,stroke and 25-hydroxy vitamin D,aortic calcification with ACS ＞ 6(HR =3.03,95％CI 1.42-6.24),BMD (HR =2.82,95％ CI 1.75-5.68),age (HR =1.96,95％ CI 1.38-4.52),history of two or more falls (HR =1.45,95％ CI 1.24-2.79) and adiponectin (HR =1.07,95％ CI 1.22-2.31) were associated with increased risk of vertebral fracture.Conclusion Severe aortic calcification is closely associated with vertebral fracture for postmenopausal women.

Objective:To investigate the effect of dihydromyricetin (DMY) on LPS-induced septic shock in mice and the related underlying mechanism.Methods:The LPS-induced septic shock mice model was established after the mice were pre-treated by DMY for 7 days.The mortality rate was calculated at 24,48,72,96,120,144 and 168 h after the mice were intraperitoneal injected with LPS.For elucidation of underlying mechanism ,RAW246.7 were pre-incubated with DMY for 1 h,and then stimulated by LPS 100 ng/ml.Western blot was performed for determination of P-ERK,P-JNK and P-p38 expression.Immunohistochemistry was applied to explore c-Fos and c-Jun nucleus translocation.Results:DMY could significantly inhibit LPS-induced mice mortality.Inhibitory effect of DMY on the phosphorylation of JNK and p 38 contributed to the anti-inflammatory effect of DMY in vivo.Furthermore , DMY obviously prevented c-Fos and c-Jun nucleus translocation.Conclusion:The anti-inflammatory effect of DMY is attributed to the suppression on c-Fos and c-Jun nucleus translocation ,via inhibition of the phosphorylation of JNK and p 38.

Objective The aim of the study was to explore the difference between the expression of CDg7 in peripheral blood and bone marrow on acute myeloid leukemia (AML n=30). Methods A flow cytometric quantitative analysis of expression levels for CD87 was performed on fresh blast cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia using CD87, monoclonal antibodies. Analysis the difference between the expression of CD87 using matched t -test. Results The values of CD87 expression in bone marrow of 14 M5 cases are from 9.47 %～80.32 %, and from 11.49 %～87.46 % in peripheral blood. The values of CD87, expression in bone marrow of 8 M4 cases are from 14.27 %～46.28 %,and from 14.79 %～47.19 % in peripheral blood. The values of CD87 expression in bone marrow of 6 M2 cases are from 4.67 %～34.26 %, and from 8.96 %～39.78 % in peripheral blood. The values of CDs, expression in bone marrow of 2 MI cases are from 3.56 %～7.69 %, and from 5.21 %～8.96 % in peripheral blood.The expression of CD87 in peripheral blood and bone marrow from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia had statistical difference (t =3.13, P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of CD87 expression had difference between peripheral blood and bone marrow. The level in peripheral blood was higher than bone marrow. So when we performed quantitative analysis of expression levels for CD87, peripheral blood instead of bone marrow was commended.