Objective To evaluate different measurement methods in histogram for the diffusion and perfusion parameters from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging of different types of uterine fibroids.Methods 63 patients with confirmed uterine fibroids (80 in total) were examined with MR imaging.3D T2WI and IVIM imaging were performed for those patients.The fibroids were classified into three types (type 1, 2, 3) on the basis of different signal intensities on T2WI according to Funaki's theory.Real diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated using IVIM analysis.25%,50% and 75% of those parameters (D25,D50,D75,D*25,D*50,D*75,f25,f50 and f75) as well as mean values (Dmean,D*mean and fmean) were calculated using histogram method.ANOVA was used to compare the IVIM parameters among the three types of fibroids.Results There were 44 type 1,24 type 2 and 12 type 3 fibroids in the total of 80 fibroids.There was significant difference among all the diffusion parameters from histogram and mean values of different types of fibroids, and only one perfusion parameter D*75 value showed significant difference (P<0.05).There was no significant difference among all the f values from histogram and mean values.Conclusion Different measurements of parameters from IVIM histogram showed no added value for diffusion features in different types of fibroids compared to mean value.While the perfusion parameter D*75 value from histogram can distinguish the features of perfusion within different types of fibroids compared to mean value.

Objective:To investigate the possible reversal effects of 1 ,3-diphenyl-1 ,3-propanedione (DPPD)for cocaine-induced content changes of neurotransmitters of brain in mice.Methods:In this study,36 healthy ICR male mice were randomly divided into control group,cocaine group,three DPPD pretreatment groups (200,400,and 800 mg/kg)and DPPD alone group (800 mg/kg).The mice in control group were administered intragastrically with 1 % Tween 80 for 3 d,and the mice in cocaine group were administered intragastrically with 1 % Tween 80 for 2 d before cocaine was injected subcutaneously on the 3rd day.The mice in the three DPPD pretreatment groups were administered intragastrically (DPPD 200,400,and 800 mg/kg)for 3 d before cocaine was injected subcutaneously 30 min after the administration on the 3rd day.The mice in DPPD alone group were administered intragastrically with DPPD at dose of 800 mg/kg for 3 d.The mice were sacrificed 20 minutes after cocaine injection.The contents of dopamine (DA)and 5-hydroxytryptamin (5-HT)in the mice brain were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detector,the contents of glutamic acid (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)in the mice brain were determined by HPLC-ultraviolet detector,and the neurotransmitter levels were compared between the groups.Results:The results showed that as com-pared with the control group,DA and GABA contents in cocaine group increased significantly (P <0.01 and P <0.05),while Glu content decreased (P <0.05).As compared with cocaine group,the DA levels in the three DPPD pretreatment groups (200,400,and 800 mg/kg)all decreased significantly (P <0.01 ).In DPPD 200 mg/kg pre-administration group,GABA content decreased (P <0.05),and the contents of the four kinds of neurotransmitters had no statistical differences with those of the control group.Conclusion:DPPD may have potential reversal effects of the content changes of neurotransmitters in mice brain induced by cocaine at a lower dose.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of early intervention on intellectual development in children with brain injury syndrome. Methods107 children with brain injury syndrome were divided into intervention group （n=73） and observation group （n=34）. The intervention group accepted early interventions for mental retardation introduced in child early education manual. Observation group accepted family training. They were followed up once per 1 or 2 months, and assessed with Gesell Developmental Schedules 6 months later. ResultsThere were more children whose adaptability DQ within the normal range (maintained or restored) in the intervention group than in the observation group. ConclusionEarly intervention may decrease the intellectual retardation for children with brain injury syndrome.

Objective To obtain serological prevalence data for HBV markers in inpatients of Xi'an area with consequence of providing basis for nosocomial infection control and clinical stuff.Methods The serological markers of HBV (HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb,HBcAb) in serum of inpatients including 5 248 males and 5 345 females in 2015 were quantitatively detected by chemiluminescent analyzer ARCHITECT i4000SR.Results The infection rate of HBV was 7.01％ (743/10593) and there were 14 patterns of HBV serum markers in inpatients.Of all patterns of HBV infection in this study,there were 5.17 ％ (548/10 593) with HBsAg+ HBeAb+ HBcAb+,1.34 ％ (142/10 593) with HBsAg+ HBeAg+ HBcAb+,0.25％ (27/10 593) with HBsAg+HBcAb+ and 0.25％ (26/10 593) with other uncommon ones.Of all patterns of HBV convalescent stage,there were 21.02％ (2 227/10 593) with HBsAb+,13.71％ (1 452/10 593) with HBsAb+HBeAb+ HBcAb+,and 15.07％ (1 596/10 593) with HBsAb+HBcAb+.The percentage of five serum markers with negative was 31.38％ (3 324/10 593).There existed statistical difference for patterns of HBV serum markers concerning gender and different age groups,respectively (P＜0.05).The clinical departments with highest percentages of HBsAg-+-HBeAg+ HBcAb +-,HBsAg+ HBeAb+ HBcAb+ and HBsAb+ were department of gastroenterology with 7.39 ％ (36/487),department of gastroenterology with 16.43％ (80/487) and thoracic surgery one with 89.23％ (58/65),respectively.Conclusion This study provided clinical data of management and controlling the transmitting of HBV and promotion of HBV vaccination.Meanwhile it is necessary for government to take effective measures to reduce the infection rate of HBV in Xi'an area.

Objective: To observe the difference in clinical efficacy between acupuncture with point selection based on syndrome differentiation along the meridians and acupuncture at non-meridian and non-acupoint points for functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods: A total of 74 FD patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 37 cases in each group. Both groups received acupuncture treatment. Zusanli (ST 36) and Neiguan (PC 6) were selected in the observation group, with Taichong (LR 3) and Neiting (ST 44) added for excess syndrome, and Gongsun (SP 4) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) added for deficiency syndrome. Four non-meridian and non-acupoint points were selected in the control group. The treatments in both groups were performed once a day with a 2-day break after 5 consecutive treatments, which constituted one treatment course. A total of 4 courses were performed. The scores of Nepean dyspepsia index (NDI) and Leeds dyspepsia questionnaire (LDQ) were recorded before and after treatment, and during follow-up (8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after recruitment) to assess the clinical efficacy. Results: The NDI scores in the two groups after treatment and at each time point during follow-up were higher than those before treatment (all P<0.05), and the LDQ scores were lower than those before treatment (all P<0.05). The NDI scores after treatment and at each time point during follow-up in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.01); the total LDQ score and scores of upper abdominal pain, postprandial satiety and upper abdominal burning sensation after treatment and at each time point during follow-up in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).. Conclusion: Acupuncture with point selection based on syndrome differentiation along the meridians has a better curative effect than acupuncture at non meridian and non-acupoint points in the treatment of FD.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; metabolism ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; metabolism ; Carrier Proteins ; pharmacology ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Regeneration ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The contribution of particles to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity has been enlightened by epidemiologic and experimental studies. However, adverse biological effects of the particles with different sizes on cardiovascular cells have not been well recognized. In this study, sub-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to increasing concentrations of pure quartz particles (DQ) of three sizes (DQPM1, <1 μm; DQPM3-5, 3-5 μm; DQPM5, 5 μm) and carbon black particles of two sizes (CB0.1, <0.1 μm; CB1, <1 μm) for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was estimated by measuring the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell viability. Nitric oxide (NO) generation and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) releases were analyzed by using NO assay and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. It was found that both particles induced adverse biological effects on HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. The size of particle directly influenced the biological activity. For quartz, the smaller particles induced stronger cytotoxicity and higher levels of cytokine responses than those particles of big size. For carbon black particles, CB0.1 was more capable of inducing adverse responses on HUVECs than CB1 only at lower particle concentrations, in contrast to those at higher concentrations. Meanwhile, our data also revealed that quartz particles performed stronger cell damage and produced higher levels of TNF-α than carbon black particles, even if particles size was similar. In conclusion, particle size as well as particle composition should be both considered in assessing vascular endothelial cells injury and inflammation responses induced by particles.

Objective To discuss the differences of the types of cerebral palsy and the comorbidity between premature and full-term infants. Methods 233 children with cerebral palsy were divided into premature group (n=98) and full-term group (n=125). The types of cerebral palsy and the complications were analyzed. Results The high risk factors were low birth weight, jaundice, asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage and cord around neck in sequence in the premature group, and were asphyxia, jaundice, fetal distress, intracranial hemorrhage and intrauterine infection in sequence in the full-term group. Besides auditory handicap. The frequency of spastic diplegia was higher in the premature group than in the full-term group (P<0.001), and the incidence of spastic hemiplegia was higher in the full-term group than in the premature group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in dysgnosia, epilepsy and visual disturbance (P>0.05), but auditory handicap (P<0.05) between 2 groups. Conclusion The main clinical types of premature and full-term children with cerebral palsy were spastic diplegia and spastic hemiplegia respectively. The prevalence of auditory handicap was higher in preterm children

Background The excitotoxicity to retinal neurons caused by abnormal elevation of glutamate in retina is a common pathology concomitant with major blind-causing eye diseases.However,an effective approach to protect retinal neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is still lack.Intraperitoneal administration of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone(α-MSH)has been shown to protect hippocampal neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.Objective This study was to investigate the protective effect of α-MSH on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in a chicken embryonic retinal explant culture system.Methods The retinas were isolated from chick embryos at embryonic day 9(E9) and cultured as explants.The explants at 3,5 and 7 days in vitro and the retinas at corresponding embryonic day 12,14 and 16(E12,E14,E16)were collected.The morphology of explant cultures was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and the expression of melanocortin receptors (MCRs)was analyzed by real-time PCR.In the experiment of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity,the retinal explants at 4 days in vitro were treated with glutamate for 48 hours,α-MSH was incubated with the explants 30 minutes before and during the glutamate treatment period.Then the apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining and quantified.The glutamate alone treated-explants and those treated with culture media were included as controls.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) at 48 hours after treatment in all retinal explants was analyzed by real-time PCR.Results Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the retinal explants exhibited similar morphology to those observed in the retinas from chick embryos at the corresponding developmental stages.The real-time PCR analyses of chick retinas showed that MC1R mRNA level at E9,E12,E14 and E16 was significantly lower than that in post-hatch day 1 (all P=0.000) ;whereas the transcript level of MC5R was significantly increased from E9 to E12 and E14 (both P =0.000),and then gradually decreased from E14 to P1.The expression of these genes showed similar temporal patterns in the retinal explant cultures.TUNEL staining revealed that treatment of the retinal explant cultures with α-MSH substantially and significantly reduced number of apoptotic cells induced by glutamate (P =0.000),which was accompanied by significant suppression of glutamate-induced GFAP up-regulation (P =0.000).Conclusions Application of α-MSH dramatically ameliorated glutamate-induced cell death in retinal explant cultures.This protective effect may be due to α-MSH-mediated suppression of astrogliosis caused by abnormal elevation of glutamate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on mouse sperm in vivo.

METHODSA total of 64 six-week-old male Kuming mice were randomly divided into eight groups of equal number to be treated with normal saline (negative control), Cyclophosphamide (CP) at 30 mg/kg (positive control), and CP followed by EGCG (experimental) at 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively, given every other day for 10 days. At 4 and 5 weeks after treatment, the bilateral testes of the mice were harvested for examination of sperm abnormality.

RESULTSEGCG did not increase the rate of CP-induced sperm abnormality in the mice, but reduced it instead with the prolonged time of treatment.

CONCLUSIONEGCG protects mouse sperm in vivo.

Animals ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cyclophosphamide ; toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagens ; toxicity ; Random Allocation ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Time Factors