Objective:To explore the moderating effect of self-differentiation between life events and coping styles. Methods:Totally 584 college freshmen from Beijing and Jiangsu were selected to fill in the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check-list (ASLEC),Differentiation of Self Inventory(DSI)and Simplified Coping Style Ques-tionnaire (SCSQ). Results:Self-differentiation had a moderating effect between life events and coping styles. The predicting effect of life events on negative coping was 0. 03 in the higher self-differentiation group (P>0. 05 ) while in the lower self-differentiation group,it was 0. 27 (P<0. 00 1 ). Conclusion:It suggests that higher self-differ-entiation could relieve the negative effect of life events to coping styles.

Depression is an affective disorder with high prevalence. high suicide rate and low treatment rate. its neurobiologi-cal mechanism remains unclear. Most of current first-line antidepressants are based on the "monoamine hypothesis", including monoamine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and monoamine receptor ligand drugs. Although their therapeutic effect is definite, there are still serious defects. such as low response and delayed onset. It has been widely confirmed that depression is closely related to low serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurotransmission function (classical monoamine hypothesis), while modern monoamine theory suggests that the adaptability and plasticity regulation of 5-HT and its autoreceptors (such as 5-HT1A) are closely related to the treatment of depression. There are a series of new progress in recent years in the studies of 5-HT transporter proteins and 5-HT receptors, such as the positive role of S allele of the 5-HT transporter chain area in emotion and cognition, and the discoveries of the pharmacological basement of some new 5-HT-related receptor antagonists or agonists. There are also important breakthroughs in sero-tonineigic drug research and development (such as vilazodone, which approved by the US FDA in 2011, is a dual-target drug of 5-HT1A partial agonist and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor). In this review, the recent research progress on the relationship of 5-HT neuromodulation and depression is summarized. © 2006 Editorial office of Foreign Medical Sciences.

Objective:To observe the effect of two different apical surgery timing. Methods:68 patients with periapical lesion were divided into 2 groups. 30 patients( control group) were operated by apical surgery at least 1-2 months after root canal therapy( RCT) , while 38 patients(experimental group) were operated immediately after RCT. The patients were followed up 3, 6 and 12 months after apical surgery. Results:The curative effect analysed with the age, sex and tooth position showed no statistical difference between 2 groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion:Immediate and delayed apical surgery apical surger after RCT are similarly effective.

Objective To evaluate Chinese rural children's blood lead levels (BLLs) and identify its distribution features and to provide data for policy development to the prevention of rural environmental lead pollution. Methods The papers on rural children's BLLs published from 1994 to Oct, 2008 were collected by using CNKI's (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) Chinese Journal Full-test Database and other ways. The papers which were eligible for the following criteria were reviewed:(1) BLLs measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (graphite or others) or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; (2) strict quality control; (3) no local lead pollution sources in the areas where the screened subjects live in; (4) children aged from 0 to 14 years old; (5)sample size more than 40. Results Analysis on the included 32 papers indicated that, the mean BLLs of Chinese rural children between 1994 and 2008 was 74.93 ?g/L ( range:41.14-193.54 ?g/L)and 19.32%( range:2.2%-43%) of the subjects had BLLs higher than 100 ?g/L. The rural children’s BLLs changed from 87.53 ?g/L to 71.16 ?g/L after the use of lead free gasoline in 2000 in China, which were both lower than the general children's BBLs before 2000 and after 2001. The children in Beijing city and Shandong province showed the highest mean BLLs , with 99.16 ?g/L and 92.13 ?g/L respectively; while the children in Jilin province and Hebei province showed the lowest levels, with 41.14 ?g/L and 56.14 ?g/L respectively. The comprehensive analysis of 18 papers indicated that the mean BLLs in rural areas and urban areas were 77.90 ?g/L and 87.24 ?g/L respectively ( u=3.73, P

Ear, Middle ; abnormalities ; Eustachian Tube ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Infant

Adult ; Career Mobility ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction ; Male ; Personnel Turnover ; Surveys and Questionnaires

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to discuss the method to avoid spillage by means of adding chemotherapeutic drugs into sealed transfusion bottles.Methods90 penicillin sealed bottles of the same batch number were randomly divided into the test group and the control group,each with 45 bottles.Standard method according to Basic Nursing was used to add chemotherapeutic drugs into transfusion bottles in the control group.Drugs were added into transfusion bottles under negative pressure in the test group.The operating time was measured,the spillage volume of puncture site was calculated and microbial detection of syringe was observed in the two groups.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the spillage volume of puncture site between the two groups (P<0.01),but no difference was seen in the operating time and microbial detection of syringe (P>0.05),ConclusionsThe spillage volume of puncture site was reduced significantly by means of adding chemotherapeutic drugs into transfusion bottles under negative pressure.This can decrease chemotherapeutic professional exposing risks and drug wastage.

Objective To discuss some expectation on reform of classroom teaching method for eight-year program medical education, in order to provide a basis for the evaluation and reform of classroom teaching method. Methods Investigation that mainly included expectation on reform of classroom teaching method, classroom teaching method of most expected application, and ex-pected value of classroom teaching method was investigated and analyzed with self-made question-naire, to total 78 medical students (22 of Grade 2008, 20 of Grade 2009, 20 of Grade 2010, 16 of Grade 2011) of eight-year program who had completed the stage before medical education in the uni-versity, and related 32 teachers. Software of SPSS 20.0 was used to make statistical analysis. Results In the survey, 55.8% students and 78.1% teachers hoped to reform the current classroom teaching methods (χ2=4.782,P=0.029). 61%students and 90.6% teachers expected comprehensive application of diverse method(χ2=15.464,P=0.017), including instruction combined with writing on blackboard, teaching by multimedia, PBL, inversion-type class, independent learning, a lot of questions for exami-nation, and so on. The value expectation (>60%) of classroom teaching method was multivariate, in-cluding to stimulate students' interest in learning, to cultivate ability of finding and solving problems, conducive to understanding of knowledge and memory, conducive to comprehension and memory of knowledge, conducive to cultivation of learning method, able to improve ability of creativity and criti-cal thinking, conducive to strengthening interaction and communication of teachers and students, to improve the subject consciousness of student in classroom, helpful to cultivate the spirit of teamwork, to improve the efficiency of teaching, and able to make full use of information technology. Conclusions For the diversified value demand and the highly expectation on reform of current classroom teaching method, more attention should be paid to evaluation and guidance on reform of classroom teaching method for eight-year program medical education.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the service quality of outpatient pharmacy in hospital. METH-ODS:A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate and analyze the patients’satisfaction and related influential factors to outpatient pharmacy in a third grade class-A hospital in Chengdu. RESULTS:Totally 165 questionnaires were sent out,and 150 were effectively received with effective recovery of 90.91%. The total score for patients’satisfaction was (44.67 ± 7.81) scores, and the rate of satisfaction was(81.22±14.19)%. The top three entries were“the will you choose to come to our hospital again if necessary”,“the notices about time and place for taking the medicine”and“the overall evaluation of the professional ethics of med-ical staff”,scored 4.38,4.25 and 4.25,respectively;the last three entries were“waiting time for taking medicine”,“the notices about how long it takes to take the medicine”and“service facilities and environmental facilities for drug taking”,scored 3.55, 3.63 and 3.95,respectively. The top three suggestions were“long waiting time for taking medicine and inconvenient”,“noisy envi-ronment,bad order”and“expensive drugs charges but less reimburse”. The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that gender,age,marital status,education,occupation,family income per month,resident,drug taking times and payment etc. factors showed no significant effects on patients’satisfaction scores(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The degree of patients’satisfac-tion in outpatient pharmacy have no obvious specificity and preference,the key to improve the degree of satisfaction lies on strengthening the service of the hospital and the perception of the patients. While the next research will focus on how to find the breakthrough points and key points to improve the experience of waiting,standardize process management and logistics manage-ment,and make patients aware of the service development.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Aryldialkylphosphatase ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Young Adult