Objective:To explore the moderating effect of self-differentiation between life events and coping styles. Methods:Totally 584 college freshmen from Beijing and Jiangsu were selected to fill in the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check-list (ASLEC),Differentiation of Self Inventory(DSI)and Simplified Coping Style Ques-tionnaire (SCSQ). Results:Self-differentiation had a moderating effect between life events and coping styles. The predicting effect of life events on negative coping was 0. 03 in the higher self-differentiation group (P>0. 05 ) while in the lower self-differentiation group,it was 0. 27 (P<0. 00 1 ). Conclusion:It suggests that higher self-differ-entiation could relieve the negative effect of life events to coping styles.

Depression is an affective disorder with high prevalence. high suicide rate and low treatment rate. its neurobiologi-cal mechanism remains unclear. Most of current first-line antidepressants are based on the "monoamine hypothesis", including monoamine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and monoamine receptor ligand drugs. Although their therapeutic effect is definite, there are still serious defects. such as low response and delayed onset. It has been widely confirmed that depression is closely related to low serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurotransmission function (classical monoamine hypothesis), while modern monoamine theory suggests that the adaptability and plasticity regulation of 5-HT and its autoreceptors (such as 5-HT1A) are closely related to the treatment of depression. There are a series of new progress in recent years in the studies of 5-HT transporter proteins and 5-HT receptors, such as the positive role of S allele of the 5-HT transporter chain area in emotion and cognition, and the discoveries of the pharmacological basement of some new 5-HT-related receptor antagonists or agonists. There are also important breakthroughs in sero-tonineigic drug research and development (such as vilazodone, which approved by the US FDA in 2011, is a dual-target drug of 5-HT1A partial agonist and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor). In this review, the recent research progress on the relationship of 5-HT neuromodulation and depression is summarized. © 2006 Editorial office of Foreign Medical Sciences.

Objective To evaluate Chinese rural children's blood lead levels (BLLs) and identify its distribution features and to provide data for policy development to the prevention of rural environmental lead pollution. Methods The papers on rural children's BLLs published from 1994 to Oct, 2008 were collected by using CNKI's (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) Chinese Journal Full-test Database and other ways. The papers which were eligible for the following criteria were reviewed:(1) BLLs measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (graphite or others) or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; (2) strict quality control; (3) no local lead pollution sources in the areas where the screened subjects live in; (4) children aged from 0 to 14 years old; (5)sample size more than 40. Results Analysis on the included 32 papers indicated that, the mean BLLs of Chinese rural children between 1994 and 2008 was 74.93 ?g/L ( range:41.14-193.54 ?g/L)and 19.32%( range:2.2%-43%) of the subjects had BLLs higher than 100 ?g/L. The rural children’s BLLs changed from 87.53 ?g/L to 71.16 ?g/L after the use of lead free gasoline in 2000 in China, which were both lower than the general children's BBLs before 2000 and after 2001. The children in Beijing city and Shandong province showed the highest mean BLLs , with 99.16 ?g/L and 92.13 ?g/L respectively; while the children in Jilin province and Hebei province showed the lowest levels, with 41.14 ?g/L and 56.14 ?g/L respectively. The comprehensive analysis of 18 papers indicated that the mean BLLs in rural areas and urban areas were 77.90 ?g/L and 87.24 ?g/L respectively ( u=3.73, P

Objective:To observe the effect of two different apical surgery timing. Methods:68 patients with periapical lesion were divided into 2 groups. 30 patients( control group) were operated by apical surgery at least 1-2 months after root canal therapy( RCT) , while 38 patients(experimental group) were operated immediately after RCT. The patients were followed up 3, 6 and 12 months after apical surgery. Results:The curative effect analysed with the age, sex and tooth position showed no statistical difference between 2 groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion:Immediate and delayed apical surgery apical surger after RCT are similarly effective.

In order to explore the effects of Panax notoginoside (PNS) on the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad-7 in renal tissues of diabetes, a rat model of diabetic nephropathy was set up by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, diabetic control group, group treated by PNS at low-dosage (PL), group treated by PNS at high-dosage (PH) and group treated by catopril (C), respectively. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), renal index, endogenous creatinine clearance rate (C(Cr)) and urinary albumin (UAlb) in 24 h were examined after 6 weeks. Meanwhile, the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad7 in renal tissues were immunohistochemically dectected. At the end of the sixth week, FBG, renal index, C(cr), UAlb were all elevated significantly in control group (P<0.01). The expression of TGF-β1 protein was increased while Smad7 protein decreased in renal tissue (P<0.01). However, the treatment with PNS reversed the aforementioned changes in renal tissues of diabetic rats. These results indicate that PNS possess a protective effect on the kidney of diabetic rats and it might protect kidney by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1 protein and enhancing the expression of Smad7 protein.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug-resistance rate of strains isolated from nosocomial infection patients with Acinetobacter spp.METHODS A total of 198 patients with Acinetobacter spp nosocomial infection were studied retrospectively from 2003 to 2005.The antibiotic resistance profiles were specifically analyzed.RESULTS The strains of Acinetobacter spp were mainly isolated from sputum(74.75%) and wound secretion(11.61%) specimens.There were no significant differences in the resistance of Acinetobacter spp against antibiotics in 3 years except piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem.The resistance rate of all 198 strains to 13 kinds of antibiotics were as following:imipenem/cilastatin 2.53%,meropenem 2.02%,cefoperazone/sulbactam 30.81%,piperacillin/tazobactam 38.38%,amikacin 53.54%,cefepime 61.11%,levofloxacin 66.67%,ceftazidime 66.16%,ciprofloxacin 68.69%,gentamicin 67.68%,sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 63.64%,piperacillin 70.72%,and aztreonam 85.35%.CONCLUSIONS It is indicated that Acinetobacter spp are highly resistant to the common antibiotics,but still sensitive to imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem.

Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders among children and adolescents.Poor sleep affects cognitive performance and is associated with poor emotional and physical health in children and adolescents.Early identification and treatment can have positive short-and long-term effects on the children,the parents,and the family as a whole.Pediatric sleep medicine had sustained development in recent years,however,in China,the researches on the epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in children and adolescents are in lack.In order to capture the majority of pediatric medical workers and parents attention,and to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment level,the focuses on current diagnosis,therapy and related study progress of insomnia in children and adolescents were reviewed.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Emergency Nursing ; Emergency Treatment ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosgene ; analogs & derivatives ; poisoning

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to discuss the method to avoid spillage by means of adding chemotherapeutic drugs into sealed transfusion bottles.Methods90 penicillin sealed bottles of the same batch number were randomly divided into the test group and the control group,each with 45 bottles.Standard method according to Basic Nursing was used to add chemotherapeutic drugs into transfusion bottles in the control group.Drugs were added into transfusion bottles under negative pressure in the test group.The operating time was measured,the spillage volume of puncture site was calculated and microbial detection of syringe was observed in the two groups.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the spillage volume of puncture site between the two groups (P<0.01),but no difference was seen in the operating time and microbial detection of syringe (P>0.05),ConclusionsThe spillage volume of puncture site was reduced significantly by means of adding chemotherapeutic drugs into transfusion bottles under negative pressure.This can decrease chemotherapeutic professional exposing risks and drug wastage.

How to construct the human social science in military medical universities is a new task in the process of medical education development.This article explores the relevant problems from both theory and practice.