Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Organophosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Recurrence ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus medications on senile osteoporosis (SOP), and to explore the related mechanisms. Methods: A total of 70 elderly participants with osteoporosis were randomly divided into an observation group and control group, with 35 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional drugs, and the observation group was treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion on the basis of the conventional drugs. Both groups were treated for 3 months. Before and after treatment, assessed the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, determined the bone mineral density of the participants' lumbar spine (L2-L4) and left femoral neck, and detected the participants' serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels. Results: After treatment, the VAS scores of both groups were lower than before treatment (both P<0.05), and the VAS score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the bone mineral density values of the lumbar spine and left femoral neck in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment (both P<0.05), and the bone mineral density values of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the ODI scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment (both P<0.05), and the ODI score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum BMP-2 and OPG levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Heat-sensitive moxibustion plus medications for SOP can significantly relieve patients' pain, improve dysfunction, and increase bone density, which may be related to the improvement of the serum BMP-2 and OPG levels.

Gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Decreased insulin sensitivity is a significant etiological factor of T2DM. Adipocytes, myocytes, and hepatocytes are the three major target cells for insulin. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of TMAO on the insulin sensitivity of these target cells. Research results indicate that in different ages of db/db diabetic mice, plasma TMAO levels were increased. TMAO significantly inhibits the insulin signaling pathways in these three major insulin target cells, reduces glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myocytes and downregulates genes related to gluconeogenesis in primary mouse hepatocytes. Furthermore, in mice with normal insulin sensitivity, elevating plasma TMAO levels to those seen in db/db mice using a minipump results in impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College). Mechanistic studies suggest that TMAO exposure increases the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in these three major insulin target cells. In summary, TMAO directly attenuates insulin sensitivity in insulin target cells, and its mechanism of action may involve enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To replicate the rats model of human metabolic syndrome (MS),determine the standard of the model,evaluate the success rate of model,provide the experimental basis for the study of the pathogenesis and therapeutic study of MS.Methods Eighty specific pathogen free male Wistar rats aged 7 weeks were randomly divided into the normal group (n =10) and the experimental group (n =70),which were respectively fed with normal diet and high fat,high sugar,high salt diet for 16 weeks.The rats' body weight,abdominal circumference,body length,blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured every 4 weeks.The experimental group rats were injected with streptozocin(STZ) 35mg/kg intraperitoneally once at the fifteenth week,the blood lipids (TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C) and FINS were measured,and HOMA-IR was calculated a week late.Results With the feeding time gradually extended,the rats' body weight,abdominal circumference,blood pressure,FPG,TG,TC,FINS,HOMA-IR and LDL-C levels were all significantly higher in the experimental group than in the normal group (P ＜ 0.05),while HDL-C was lower than that of the normal group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in body length between the two groups(P ＞0.05).The success rate of MS rats models were 74.3％.Conclusion High fat,high sugar,high salt diet combined with a small dose of STZ intraperitoneal injection can successfully replicate the rat model of MS.This kind of rat models conforms to the pathological characteristic of MS,which can be easily operated and with high success rate.Therefore,it could be applied as an ideal MS animal model for the study of MS and drugs therapeutic effect.

This paper aimed to introduce and review the antioxidant and material base of selaginella medicinal plants.On the basis of the systematic identification of selaginella medicinal plants,we found that the ethyl acetate extract and flavonoids could inhibit the activity of XOD,LOX or/and COX-2 to some extent.Fourteen biflavonoids,one flavonoid and five flavonoid glycosides have been isolated from three resource plants,among them five compounds were firstly reported and fifteen compounds were firstly isolated in selaginella plants.Amentoflavone (AME),robustaflavone and robustaflavone-4''-dimethylether are three common characteristic constituents of selaginella plants,which can act as marks of common active ingredients and be applied to evaluate the quality of selaginella.Further studies found that some plants had stronger anti-Coxsackie virus and anti-tumor effects,and their mechanisms were associated with inhibiting multiple oxidase and mitigating harm of free radicals due to whole function.

Objective:To observe HSP70 expression during experimental tooth movement in rats.Methods:Orthodontic appliance was placed between the maxillary right first molar and maxillary central incisors of 30 adult SD rats.The rats were killed at 1,3,5,7,14 d after orthodontic force application,samples of experimental teeth with periodontal tissue were prepared for immunohistochemical examination of HSP70 expression.Result:Strong expression of HSP 70 in periodontal ligment was observed at 1 and 3 d after orthodontic force application,positive at 5 d and weak positive at 7 and 14 d.Conclusion:HSP 70 is expressed in periodontal ligment at different levels in different stages during orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective To study local people's habits and customs concerning the prevention of dental fluorosis in an indoor coal-combustion-type fluorosis area of Zhaotong city Yunnan province, and to provide reference value for monitoring and control of the disease. Methods In 2008, 600 people of a 12-year-old group (400 people) and a 35 - 44-year-old group(200 people) were examined for dental fluorosis and oral health status in an indoor coal-combustion-type fluorosis area of Zhaotong. A questionnaire survey of 120 students and 60 adults was carried out on their habits and customs, stove changing status, knowledge of prevention of dental fluorosis, social psychology status, oral health behavior and their need for medical treatment. Results The total prevalence of dental fluorosis was 91.0% (546/600), dental fluorosis index was 2.58. The total prevalence of dental fluorosis of 12-year-old group was 86.5%(346/400), and dental fluorosis index was 2.12. The total prevalence of dental fluorosis of rural student was 90.5% (181/200), which was obviously higher in the rural group than the urban group [82.5% (165/200), χ2 = 5.48, P < 0.05]. The total prevalence of dental fluorosis of 35-44-year-old group was 100% (200/200), which was obviously higher than that of the 12-year-old group(χ2 = 29.67, P < 0.01). The rates of using coal, baking of food, changing stoves were 66.7% (60/90), 14.4% (13/90),57.8% (52/90), respectively, and these values of the urban were much lower than those of the rural[95.6%(86/90) ,31.1%(28/90) ,76.7%(69/90),χ2 = 24.51,7.11,7.29, all P < 0.01]. Only 23.3% (42/180) of people surveied had the knowledge of prevention of dental fluorosis, and the rate in the adult group[56.7% (34/60)]was higher than that of the student group [6.7% (8/120), χ2 = 55.9, P < 0.01]. The same rate in the urban student group was 0(0/60), and the rural student group was 13.3%(8/60), there was a significant difference between them(χ2 = 5.66, P < 0.05). Seventy-three point nine per cent( 133/180) of these people thought dental fluorosis had significant effect on their life, 91.1%(164/180) of these 'people wished to be treated. Eighty-four point four per cent( 152/180) of the people had a habit of toothbrushing,and 50.7% (77/152) of these people were still using toothpaste containing fluorine. Conclusions Zhaotong is a serious indoor coal-combustion-type fluorosis area. Enhancing health education to local people especially to students, and changing people's unhealthy habits and customs are keies to control the prevalence of indoor coal-combustion-type dental fluorosis.

Objective Retrospective investigate the significant application of bone marrow (BM)morphology in exploring the causes of anemia,and observed the changes of anemia disease spectrum in the past 10 years.Methods BM smears of 1 528 anemia patients from Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital were stained with Wright's staining and cvtochemical staining and observed with microscope.Combined with relevant clinical data,we analyzed the changes of disease types from 1998 to 2002 and from 2008 to 2012.Results 1 139 cases (74.54％) were diagnosed with hematopoietic and lymphatic system diseases.Iron-deficiency anemia,megaloblastic anemia and leukemia were the three main causes of anemia.The BM morphology of 389 patients displayed infection anemia or descriptive diagnosis.Anemia disease spectrum changed a lot,iron-deficiency anemia decreased from 30.34％ (139/458) to 18.69％ (200/1 070),leukemia increased from 13.31％ (61/458) to 21.77％ (233/1 070),descriptive diagnosis of BM increased from 15.72％ (72/458) to 21.86％ (234/1 070).Conclusion BM examination is critical for finding the cause of anemia,which contrihutes to effective treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methanol ; poisoning ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo develop a life quality scale suitable for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, objectively reflecting its changes.

METHODSAuthors first put forward a theoretical structure model of a scale according to patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale formulation principle by combining basic theories of Chinese medicine (CM). Then authors developed an initial scale on the basis of various life quality scales for respiratory disease patients by using structural decision making. Totally 34 patients with confirmed diagnosis of IPF were tested by questionnaire. Items were screened using expert importance scoring method, factor analysis, correlation coefficient method, Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. IPF patient reported outcomes (IPF PRO, IP) were finally defined.

RESULTSA new IP scale was developed covering three areas and 38 items. Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation analysis of clinical symptom scores in ST-George Respiratory Questionnaire and IP scale was 0.828 (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation analysis of activity ability scores was 0.929 (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation analysis of total scores was 0.862 (P < 0.01). By reliability of IP scale itself (reliability) analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.713. By using factor analysis method for data analysis, KMO statistics was 0.902.

CONCLUSIONIP scale fully reflected the connotation of IPF patients' quality of life, so it could be used as CM clinical therapeutic effect evaluation tool.