The immunopathogenesis of IgA vasculitis and IgA nephropathy both demonstrate IgA deposition,and abnormal glycosylation of IgAl molecule is their major pathogenesis.Therefore,it is clinically controversial that they are actually one disease.The present text will delineate their similarities and differences from aspects of epidemiology,clinic,pathology,mechanism and prognosis.

In recent years,it is a tendency to substitute acute kidney injury (AKI) foracute renal failure (ARF)in the aspect of international nephrology and emergency medicine.Compared with the past,the causes for AKI in children at present has been transferred from primary kidney disease to multi-factors,moreover,the morbidity and mortality of AKI is staying at a high level.From the perspective of epidemiology this paper briefly analyses the common cause,mortality and morbidity of AKI in children.

Objective To explore the usefulness of enhanced patient education in increasing the patients' knowledge and awareness of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) protection.Methods Totally 200 patients with PICC in Neijiang First People's Hospital from June 2009 to June 2012 were divided into control group (odd numbers,conventional patient education,n =100) and observation group (even numbers,enhanced patient education,n =100) according to their admission numbers.The patients' knowledge and awareness of PICC protection were analyzed after treatment,and the incidences of adverse events and catheter indwelling time were also compared between these two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had significantly higher PICC protection knowledge rate (91％ vs.78％,P =0.001),awarehess rate (95％ vs.80％,P=0.011),lower incidence of adverse events (1％ vs.5％,P =0.034),and longer PICC indwelling time [(125.8 ± 10.6) d vs.(106.7 ±8.2) d,P =0.026].Conclusion Enhanced patient education can effectively enhance the patients' knowledge and awareness of PICC protection.

Earthquake may result in various urologic problems by direct injury of urologic organs or by spinal cord injury.This article introduces the main urologic problems after earthquake,classified into early and long-term.Such as urinary retention,oliguria or anuria,renal injury,bladder and urethra injury,neurogenic bladder caused by spinal cord injury,et al.We analyze the causes of the problems and discuss the correct management principle,all kinds of rehabilitation measures to reduce the complication and sequela,also the problems should be cautioned during the long term follow-up.

Objective:To study the effect of the three kinds of EE on the cognitive function and the expression of SYN and MAP-2,and the dentritic growth of pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex in rats.Method:Forty-eight male SD rats were divided into preserving the physique EE group (EE1),preserving the spirit EE group (EE2),preservation for both physique and spirit EE group(EE3) and standard group (SE),12 rats in each group.Rats were put into the three kinds of EE or standard cages after pre-training.The environmental enrollment lasted for 14 days and followed by a 6-days Morris water maze test.After the Morris water maze test,all the rats were sacrificed for histological study,including using the immunohistochemistry method to detect the expression of SYN and MAP-2,and using the Golgi-Cox staining to study the dentritic growth of pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex.Result:In the Morris water maze,the EE3 group exhibited shorter escape latency than the MCAO+SE group (P＜0.05) on day 5,while no significant differences were seen for the time spent in the target quadrant among the 4 groups (P＞ 0.05).The results of immunohistochemical staining of SYN showed that the expression of SYN was the lowest in the SE group,and there was no significant difference between EE1 and EE3 groups but significantly higher than the EE2 group.The expression of MAP-2 was the lowest in the SE group,and there was no significant difference of expression between EE1 and EE2 groups but significantly lower than the EE3 group.The results of Golgi-Cox staining showed that there was no difference of the dentritic branch among groups in mPFC (P＞ 0.05) while the spine density of the EE1 group was significantly greater than that of the SE and EE2 groups (P ＜ 0.05),but significantly lower than that of the EE3 group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Two weeks of preservation from both physique and spirit EE can improve the cognitive function,and promote the expression of MAP-2 and SYN and the dentritic growth of pyramidal cells in normal rats.

Objective To observe the correlation between nuclear factor ?B(NF-?B) expression and apoptosis after hypoxia-ischemia brain damage(HIBD).Methods Forty-eight 7-day newborn Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (n=24) and HI group (n=24).The expression of NF-?B in the hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemical techniques.The apoptosis of the hippocampal cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated 2-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL)straining.Results The expression of NF-?B in hippocampal cells increased at 6 h after HIBD,peaked at 48 h,and lasted till 72 h when compared with control group(Pa

0.05). (2) The average squeezing anal pressure and the duration of anal squeezing decreased in the experiment group, which were significantly different from those in the control group ( P

Objective To investigate the phenotypes and expression of activated T-cell membrane molecules on lymphocytes in the peripheral blood(PB) of children with aplastic anemia (AA) and find out its clinical significance.Methods The lymphocytes from PB of the 115 AA patients were analyzed by flow cytometry and compared with normal group.Results The expression of CD8+ increased and the expression of CD4+ decreased. The ratio of CD4/CD8 cells decreased ,and was more significant in the patients with serious AA(SAA). The expression of HLA-DR and ??T-cell also increased, and was more significant in SAA patients. The expression of CD3+ was not significantly changed.Conclusions There is significant immune abnormal in AA patients and more important in SAA patients. The immunosuppressant is useful in clinical treatment.