Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Sparganium stoloniferum. Methods: Column chromatographic techniques were applied to isolate the constituents. The chemical structures of the constituents were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. Results: Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as β-sitosterol palmitate (1), β-sitosterol (2), azelaic acid (3), docosanoic acid (4), 6,7,10-trihydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid (5), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (6), sanleng diphenyl-acetypene (7), ferulic acid (8), 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoic acid (9), 2,7-dihydroxy-xanthone (10), glycerol ferulate (11), and daucosterol (12). Conclusion: Compounds 3,4, and 9-11 are obtained from the plants of Sparganium L. for the first time.

Objective: This study was to observe the changes of IL-6 gene expression in acute repetitive hypoxia. Method: When the ratio of living cells was more than 95%, nerve cells cultured were passed through with mixed gases of 95% N_2+5%CO_2 for 3 min followed by another gases mixture of 95% O2+5% CO_2 for 10 min. After repeated the experiment as above, the alteration in the expression of IL-6 gene was measured using the RT-PCR method. The prod ucts of PCR were analyzed with computer Gel imaging and image analysis instrument. Result: After the first hypoxia IL-6 gene expression enhanced, and after the second hypoxia, it was still stronger than baseline although it declined slightly. There was no significant RNA disintegration. Conclusion:The IL-6 involves in the cellular defense in hypoxia adaptation.

It is generally considered that various regulatory activities between genes are contained in the gene expression datasets. Therefore, the underlying gene regulatory relationship and the biologically useful information can be found by modeling the gene regulatory network from the gene expression data. In our study, two unsupervised matrix factorization methods, independent component analysis (ICA) and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), were proposed to identify significant genes and model the regulatory network using the microarray gene expression data of Alzheimer's disease (AD). By bio-molecular analyzing of the pathways, the differences between ICA and NMF have been explored and the fact, which the inflammatory reaction is one of the main pathological mechanisms of AD, is also emphasized. It was demonstrated that our study gave a novel and valuable method for the research of early detection and pathological mechanism, biomarkers' findings of AD.
Algorithms ; Alzheimer Disease ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Humans

Objective To study the change of the level of plasma D-dimer(DD) in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and its significance.Methods 96 CHD patients were divided into various groups according to coronary angiography and clinical manifestation: 26 patients with simple lesions,47 patients with complex lesions,12 patienty with acute myocardial in-farction(AMI),42 patienty with unstable angina pectoris(UAP),19 patienty with stable angina pectoris(SAP)and 23 patienty with normal healthy control subjects.The level of plasma DD was detected.Results Plasma concentrations of DD were higher in patients with complex lesion((0.501?0.209)mg/L)than in those with simple lesions((0.328?0.1)mg/L)(P

Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology ; Silicosis ; pathology

Objective To study the effect of cholecalciterol cholesterol emulsion(CCE)in the zymosan(Z)-induced acute hepatic injury. Meth-ods A total of 36 C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,namely negative control(CON)group,CCE group,Z group and CCE+Z group,respectively. There were 9 mice in each group. Mice from CON group and Z group were fed with pure water. Mice from CCE group and CCE+Z group were fed with cholecalciterol cholesterol emulsion 20μL dissolved in 200 mL pure water which was kept in darkness. After 14 days, Z group and CCE+Z group were injected with zymosan at a dose of 500 mg/kg. After 18 hours,all the mice in each group were sacrificed. The liver tissues were harvested for histopathological examination. The serum ALT levels were determined. The molecular expression of IL-6 and IL-18 in liv-er tissue of mice were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR method. Results The results of histopathological examination showed that liver tissue damage in CCE+Z group was lighter than that of Z group ,and heavier than that of the CON group. Compared to the CON group,Z group had the highest serum ALT level,followed by CCE+Z group,while in Z group was significantly lower than that in CON group(all P<0.05). The expression of IL-6 and IL-18 protein and mRNA showed level of Z group was apparently higher than those of CON group and CCE+Z group(all P<0.05). Conclusion Cholecalciterol cholesterol emulsion can play certain protective effect on zymosan-induced liver injury in mice.

Aim To investigate effects of Icariin in rats with acute myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol(ISO).Methods Icariin(12,6,3 mg?kg-1) was administrated through iv pathway for five days.Myocardial ischemia model of rats was induced by subcutaneous injection(sc) of ISO(30 mg?kg-1 for two days,once a day).The change of Electrocardiogram(ECG) was observed.The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and nitric oxide(NO)in serum were measured.Cardiac indexes(HW/BW and LVW/BW)and cardiac infarction area(IS/V%)were examined.Results Compared with the model group,Icariin(12,6,3 mg?kg-1) could effectively reverse the evident change of T wave and J point induced by isoproterenol,notably decrease the levels of LDH and MDA in the serum, distinctly increase the levels of SOD and NO in the serum(P

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of the CT perfusion for severe acute pancreatitis. Methods We performed CT perfusion scan on three groups of 9, 17and 41 cases with severe,mild and normal pancreatitis respectively, using 16 rows spiral CT, and got the perfusion data of the relevant groups including blood flow (BL), blood volume(BV), mean transit time( MTT), capillary permeability(PS)with perfusion package 3. We analize the data deviation between the groups mentioned above. Furthmore, we still adapt correlation test to compare the clinical biochemical indicators of MAP and SAP, with the variance BF. Results The mean values of BF, BV reduce significally in the groups of MAP, SAP compared to thenormal group(P＜0.01 ), only PS goes higher than that of the normal group(P＜0.05). At the same time,they are obviously higher in MAP group than in SAP group. In MAP group, the level of blood hemodiastase and BF are negatively correlated, on the contray, in SAP group, the level of the blood hemodiastase has no relation to BF. Conclusions CT perfusion techniques are of great significance in early diagnosis in SAP, and in guiding the clinical therapy.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of sevoflurane on the cognitive function in neonatal rats.Methods Twenty-four neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes,aged 7 days,weighing 12-16g,were randomly divided into high concentration sevoflurane group (group Sev1),low concentration sevoflurane group (group Sev2) or control group (group C),with 8 rats in each group.Sev1 and Sev2 groups were exposed to 2％ and 4％ sevoflurane for 6h,respectively,and C group inhaled gas mixture composed of 30％ oxygen.At 2 and 8 weeks after exposure to sevoflurane,cognitive function was assessed using the open field test and Morris water maze test.Results In the open field test,no significant differences were observed among the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Morris water-maze test showed that the escape latency was significantly prolonged,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the time spent in the third quadrant were decreased at 2 weeks after exposure to sevoflurane in Sev1 group and at 2 and 8 weeks after exposure to sevoflurane in Sev2 group as compared with group C (P ＜ 0.05).Morris water-maze test showed that the escape latency was significantly prolonged,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the time spent in the third quadrant were decreased at 2 and 8 weeks after exposure to sevoflurane in Sev2 group compared with Sev1 group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Exposure to 4％ and 2％ sevoflurane for 6h both can induce cognitive decline and the decreasing effect is enhanced with the increasing concentration in the neonatal rats.

Gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Decreased insulin sensitivity is a significant etiological factor of T2DM. Adipocytes, myocytes, and hepatocytes are the three major target cells for insulin. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of TMAO on the insulin sensitivity of these target cells. Research results indicate that in different ages of db/db diabetic mice, plasma TMAO levels were increased. TMAO significantly inhibits the insulin signaling pathways in these three major insulin target cells, reduces glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myocytes and downregulates genes related to gluconeogenesis in primary mouse hepatocytes. Furthermore, in mice with normal insulin sensitivity, elevating plasma TMAO levels to those seen in db/db mice using a minipump results in impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia. All animal experiments were carried out with approval of the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College). Mechanistic studies suggest that TMAO exposure increases the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in these three major insulin target cells. In summary, TMAO directly attenuates insulin sensitivity in insulin target cells, and its mechanism of action may involve enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress.