AIM: To select the proper excipients for granule of compound Saliva Miltiorrhiza and the preparative process. METHODS: Building up properties, solubility and resistance to humid were used as the judgement criteria, the kinds and ratio of the excipients and preparative process sieved out. RESULTS: Properere excipent combination consisted of one portion of the extract of compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza, 1.6 times dextin, 2.6% CMC Na, 1% PVP, 2.6% CMS Na. CONCLUSION: The process and its excipent combination is better than the other process of formulation.

[Objective]Modify Xuejiejiawei Granule judgment toxic particles to guide its clinical drug safety.[Method]Make different dosages,give the mouse to fill stomach,from the observing mouse's physiological condition to judging the medicine toxic.[Result]36 mice after given the medicine observation period do not have an example to die,after the dissection the internal organs have non-pathological changes.[Conclusion] Looking at Xuejiejiawei Granule from the medicine toxic effect,the Xuejie adding the taste pellet is a safe medicine.

Nanometer zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO) has been widely applied in many fields such as rubber,ceramics,textile,cosmetics,etc.due to its excellent physical,chemical and biological properties.In recent years,its applications in biomedicine have been paid more and more attention.This paper introduces the unique optical,chemical,mechanical,semi-conducting and biological properties of Nano-ZnO.Meanwhile,the applications of Nano-ZnO in bio-sensing and detection,biological nutrition,medical treatment,biological imaging,drug delivery,tumor cells targeted killing and translational medicine are also reviewed,and the brief outlook on the applications is presented.

Objective: To explore the quality of life and drug toxicity in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) patients who have a ECOC (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group)-PS (performance status) score ≥3 and a response to gefitinib more than 6 months, and to explore the possibily of gefitinib applying in NSCLC patients with a ECOG-PS score ≥3. Methods: NSCLC patients histologically and (or) cytologically confirmed were divided into trial group (ECOG-PS score ≥3) and control group (ECOG-PS score ≤2). The patients in the two groups were treated with a dose of 250 mg/d gefitinib. The efficacy, change of quality of life and the toxicity were evaluated. Results: Eighty-eight NSCLC patients were enrolled in this study (trial group: n = 27; control group: n = 61). The median follow-up time was 20.0 months. All patients in the two groups could be évaluable. In the trial group, 4 (14.81%) patients obtained CR (complete response), 20 (74.07%) patients obtained PR (partial response), 3 (11.11%) patients obtained SD (stable disease); the response rate was 88.89% (24/27). In the control group, 10 (16.39%) patients obtained CR (complete response), 43 (70.49%) patients obtained PR (partial response), 8 (13.11%) patients obtained SD (stable disease); the response rate was 86.89% (53/61). There was no difference in response rate between the two groups (P = 0.794). The median time to symptom improvement of the trial group and the control group were 10.0 and 14.0 d, respectively (P = 0.073), the median PFS (progression-free survival) were 8.0 and 7.0 momths, respectively (P = 0.421). The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 59.269% (16/27), 25.93% (7/27) and 3.70% (1/27) in the trial group and 57.38% (35/61), 21.31% (13/61) and 6.56% (4/61), respectively. There was no difference in survival rate between the two groups (P = 0.180). The ECOG-PS score after gefitinib therapy (vs before gefitinib therapy) was significantly decreased in the two groups (Trial group Z = -4.062, P = 0.000; Control group Z = -4.031, P = 0.000), and the percent decrease of ECOG-PS score after gefitinib therapy in the trial group was significantly higher as compared with that in the control group. The toxicities of gefitinib therapy were tolerated. Conclusion: Gefitinib can be safely applied in NSCLC patients with ECOG-PS score ≥3. There is no difference in survival time between NSCLC patients with ECOG-PS score ≥3 and ≤2, but the quality of life in NSCLC patients with ECOG-PS score 2= 3 is significantly impoved as compard with NSCLC patients with ECOG-PS score ≤2 after gefitinib therapy. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an UPLC method for simultaneous determination of six flavonoid active components (campanulin, ononin, quercetin, calycosin, kaempferol, and formononetin) of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao collected from the main producing areas (Gansu Province, Shaanxi Province, and Inner Mongolia). METHODS: Separation was performed at 30°C on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm ×100 mm, 1.7 μm) with a gradient elution system of water containing 0.1% formic acid (mobile phase A) and acetonitrile - isopropanol (7:3) containing 0.1% formic acid (mobile phase B). The flow rate was 0.25 mL·min-1. The detection wavelength was 254 nm, and the sample injection volume was 2 μL. RESULTS: The six flavonoid active components showed good linearity in the selected concentration ranges (r≥0.999), with average recoveries of 99.60%-101.2% (n=6) and RSDs of 1.2%-2.0%. CONCLUSION: This study for the first time establishes an UPLC method for simultaneous determination of six flavonoid active components (campanulin, ononin, quercetin, calycosin, kaempferol, and formononetin) of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao. This method is specific, reproducible, controllable, and can be used for the quality control of Radix Astragali.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of pine pollen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced learning and memory impairments in mice and the underlying mechanism.Methods:Sixty mice were randomly divided into four groups ( n = 15/group): normal control, model, low-dose pine pollen (500 mg/kg) and high-dose pine pollen (1 000 mg/kg). Mouse models of learning and memory impairment were established by lateral ventricle injection of LPS. The learning and memory abilities of mice were determined by the Morris water maze test. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus of mice were measured. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) levels in the hippocampus were also determined. Results:The latency in the passive avoidance test in the model group was significantly shorter than that in the normal control group [(134.80 ± 33.89) s vs. (282.20 ± 17.43) s, t = 4.23, P < 0.01]. The number of errors in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group [(4.00 ± 1.58) vs. (1.20 ± 1.30) times, t = 2.85, P < 0.01]. The latency in the passive avoidance test in the low-dose pine pollen (500 mg/kg) and high-dose pine pollen (1000 mg/kg) groups was significantly longer than that in the normal control group [(189.40 ± 27.21) s or (213.40 ± 21.26) s vs. (134.80 ± 33.89) s, t = 3.21, 4.38, all P < 0.05]. The number of errors in the low-dose pine pollen (500 mg/kg) and high-dose pine pollen (1 000 mg/kg) groups was significantly lower than that in the normal control group [(1.60 ± 1.44) times or (1.40 ± 1.44) times vs. (4.00 ± 1.58) times, t = 5.12, 6.42, both P < 0.05]. SOD activity and GSH, DA and NE levels in the hippocampus in the model group were significantly decreased compared with the normal control group [SOD: (7.59 ± 1.77) kU/g vs. (39.90 ± 6.37) kU/g; GSH: (3.49 ± 0.13) mmol/g vs. (6.37 ± 0.14) mmol/g; DA: (418.42 ± 2.57) ng/L vs. (586.37 ± 3.64) ng/L; NE: (187.20 ± 5.41) ng/L vs. (298.42 ± 2.32) ng/L, t = 3.67, 8.23, 2.23, 3.65, all P < 0.05]. MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus in the normal control group were significantly higher than those in the model group [MDA: (8.79 ± 0.82) mmol/g vs. (2.62 ± 0.16) mmol/g, IL-6: (48.07 ± 5.56) ng/L vs. (18.76 ± 1.42) ng/L, TNF-α: (87.20 ± 4.31) ng/L vs. (22.42 ± 3.39) ng/L, t = 7.45, 2.67, 4.35, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. SOD activity, GSH, DA and NE levels in the hippocampus in the low-dose pine pollen (500 mg/kg) and high-dose pine pollen (1 000 mg/kg) groups were significantly higher than those in the model group [SOD: (18.80 ± 2.39) kU/g, (28.70 ± 2.36) kU/g vs. (7.59 ± 1.77) kU/g, GSH: (5.04 ± 0.36) mmol/g, (5.45 ± 0.17) mmol/g vs. (3.49 ± 0.13) mmol/g, DA: (488.37 ± 3.46) ng/L, (506.29 ± 5.72) ng/L vs. (418.42 ± 2.57) ng/L, NE: (225.65 ± 3.72) ng/L, (239.76 ± 5.58) ng/L vs. (187.20 ± 5.41) ng/L, t = 4.56 or 6.71, t = 4.65 or 5.32, t = 4.73 or 6.72, t = 3.84 or 5.63, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus in the low-dose pine pollen (500 mg/kg) and high-dose pine pollen (1 000 mg/kg) groups were significantly lower than those in the model group [MDA: (5.72 ± 0.47) mmol/g, (3.77 ± 0.23) mmol /g vs. (8.79 ± 0.82) mmol/g, IL-6: (28.42 ± 3.54) ng/L, (23.43 ± 5.62) ng/L vs. (48.07 ± 5.56) ng/L, TNF-α: (48.87 ± 4.82) ng/L, (39.65 ± 6.69) ng/L vs. (87.20 ± 4.31) ng/L, t = 6.31 or 7.28, t = 3.46 or 6.31, t = 4.28 or 3.57, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. Conclusion:Pine pollen can improve LPS-induced learning and memory impairments possibly through up-regulating the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters DA and NE and inhibiting the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus of mice.

Objective: To establish an HPLC fingerprint of the compounds in Qibai Pingfei Granules (QPG), and to make a quantitative analysis. Methods: Sample was extracted by 50% methanol. Phenomenex Luna C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with a mobile phase of methanol-0.2% formic acid gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 250 nm, and the column temperature was 30℃. The chemical component fingerprint similarity of 10 batches of QPG was calculated with Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2012) published by National Pharmacopoeia Committee and the common peaks were identified by reference compounds. Results: Fingerprints of 10 batches of QPG were established and the similarities to the common mode were above 0.96. Totally 25 common peaks were found. Among them, peak 1 belonged to Pheretima, peaks 2 and 3 belonged to Pheretima and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (GRR), peak 4 belonged to GRR, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (SCF), and Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CR), peak 5 belonged to GRR, Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (AMB), CR, and Pheretima, peaks 6, 8, 22, 23, 24, and 25 belonged to SCF, peak 7 belonged to Astragali Radix (AR) and SCF, peak 9 belonged to GRR and AMB, peak 10 belonged to Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen (DSLS) and AMB, peaks 11, 12, 13, 15, and 16 belonged to CR, peak 14 belonged to AR and DSLS, peaks 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 belonged to AR. Based on the retention time, and UV absorption spectra of reference compounds, six constituents including caffeic acid (peak 12), ferulic acid (peak 13), schizandrol A (peak 22), schisantherin A (peak 23), deoxyschizandrin (peak 24), and schisandrin (peak 25) were identified. The linear ranges of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, schizandrol A, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin, and schisandrin were 3.38-108.02, 3.60-115.33, 2.99- 95.61, 2.81-89.77, 3.26-104.17, and 2.89-92.45 μg/mL, respectively. In 10 batches of QPG samples, the contents were as follows: caffeic acid of 0.412-0.429 mg/g, ferulic acid of 0.302-0.317 mg/g, schizandrol of A 0.182-0.195 mg/g, schisantherin A of 0.179-0.195 mg/g, deoxyschizandrin of 0.203-0.215 mg/g, and schisandrin of 0.131-0.144 mg/g, the amount of each indicator composition among different batches changed a litte, and the sample quality is stable. Conclusion: The method has good precision, reproducibile, stability, separation, and can be used for the quality control of QPG.

Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous analysis of 25 trace elements and heavy metals in Jiuwei Xifeng Granules, including Li, Mg, Cd, Sn, Al, Mn, Fe, Ti, V, Co, Zn, Ga, Cr, Ni, Tl, Pb, Cu, As, Be, B, Sb, Ba, Sr, Hg, and Bi. Methods:The samples, digested via microwave, calibrated by internal standard elements, such as Ge and In, with bush branches and leaves as the controlled reference standard, were inlet into ICP-MS to analyze the contents of the 25 trace elements and heavy metals. Results:The detection limits of the 25 elements were in the range of 0.009-16.051 μg/L. The 25 trace elements and heavy metals showed the good linearity in the selected concentration ranges (R2 ≥ 0.999 2), with the average recovery from 70.75% to 107.66%, while their RSD was below ≤ 6.44%. Cr, Sn, Hg, and Pb were not detected in the six batches of samples, and the contents of Tl, Cd, As, and Cu were lower or not detected. Cd ≤ 0.011 μg/g, Cu ≤ 0.373 μg/g, Tl ≤ 0.021 μg/g, As ≤ 0.571 μg/g. Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid, and accurate, and can be used for the quality control of trace elements and heavy metals in Jiuwei-xifeng Granules.

AIM: To analyze the effect of myopic adolescents wearing orthokeratology lens on the corneal surface curvature radius and anterior chamber depth.METHODS: Totally 120 cases of adolescent myopia were selected, among them 58 cases with 116 eyes were divided into 11-14 years old group and 62 cases with 124 eyes were 15-18 years old group according to the age.They were treated with long-term orthokeratology lens treatment, and two groups of patients were observed before wearing lens(T0), wearing for 6mo (T1), 12mo (T2) for uncorrected visual acuity, the average refractive degree improvement, the central corneal thickness, corneal curvature changes and the incidence of complications.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of the two groups at 12mo after wearing were better than that at 6mo which was better than that before wearing;the diopter had the same trend.The uncorrected visual acuity and the diopter of the 11-14 years old group at 6 and 12mo was better than those of 15-18 years old group with significant difference (P<0.05).The central corneal thickness of the two groups at 12mo after wearing were less than that at 6mo which was less than that before wearing.There was no significant difference of the central corneal thickness between the two groups at 6 and 12mo after wearing (P>0.05).The corneal anterior surface curvature of the two groups at 12mo after wearing were more than that at 6mo which was more than that before wearing.The axial length of the 11-14 years old group was longer than that of the 15-18 years old group with significant difference (P<0.05).There was no significant difference on the corneal posterior surface curvature of the two groups before and after wearing (P>0.05).There was no significant difference on the anterior chamber depth between the two groups at different time or between before and after wearing (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Long-term wearing orthokeratology lenses have a significant effect for control ling juvenile myopia, and can improve the corneal anterior surface curvature, especially in the lower age group, and has no significant effect on the anterior chamber depth.

AIM:To study the clinical effect of silica gel drainage tube combined with lomefloxacin hydrochloride eye ophthalmic gel in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction.METHODS:Totally 86 cases (138 eyes) of lacrimal duct embolism treated in our hospital from February to December 2015 were divided into 43 cases (68 eyes) as control group and 43 cases (70 eyes) of the observation group according to whether they were treated with lomefloxacin hydrochloride eye ophthalmic gel.Patients in the control group were treated with silica gel drainage, while the observation group was treated with lomefloxacin hydrochloride eye ophthalmic gel on the basis of the control group.The total effective rate, serum hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (h-CRP) level, complications and recurrence rate were observed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS:The total effective rate in the patients with obstructive nasolacrimal duct, common lacrimal duct obstruction, and lacrimal duct obstruction in observation group were 95.2%, 100.0%, 96.7%, higher than those in control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in preoperative serum h-CRP levels (P>0.05).The serum levels of h-CRP in patients in the observation group at 3d and 7d after operation respectively were 2.40±0.84g/mL, 1.94±0.84g/mL, lower than those of control group at the same time (P<0.05).The complication rate of the observation group was 1.4%, which was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).Follow up for 6-18mo, the recurrence rate was 11.4% in the observation group, which was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The combination of silica gel drainage tube and lomefloxacin hydrochloride eye ophthalmic gel in the treatment of obstruction of lacrimal duct has good clinical efficacy, low inflammatory reaction, low complication rate and low recurrence rate.