Objective To investigate the relationship between the density of langerhan cell(Lc) and Tcell (Tc) and the histological classification, biological behavior and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.Methods The immunohistochemical (ABC) method with S-100 and CD3 staining was used in samples ofprimary esophageal cancer in 249 cases for quantitative analysis. All cases were followed up for more than7 years. We observed the morphology,number and distribution of langerhan cell (Lc) and T cell (Tc) indifferent portionof the tumor mass. Results Lc positive expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasma. To positiveexpressed in cytomembrane. The number of Lc in cancer nest had positive correlation with malignantdegree of tumor, infiltration depth and metastasis of lymph node, and had negative correlation with thesurvival period. On the contrary, the number of To and Lc in peritumor interstitial tissue had negativecorrelation with the survival period. Conclusion The distribution density of Lc and Tc in cancer nest andperitumor interstitial tissue might be used as an immunological parameter for assessment of the prognosis.

Objective To detect and analyze the expression of ER and PR in endometrial benign and malignant tumor,and to study its correlation of ER and PR with the establishment and development of endometrial carcinoma.Methods The expressions of ER and PR were examined by immunohistochemical method in 58 eases of endometrial carcinoma,37 cases of atypism endometrial hyperplasia,25 cases of simple endometrial carcinoma.and 25 eases of normal endometrium.Results The expressions of ER and PR were higher in normal endometrium,atypism endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma.They were lower in endometrial carcinoma than in atypism endometrial hyperplasia,both were higher than that in normal endometrium(P＜0.05).The rates of expression in ER and PR increased gradually from histological grade Ⅰ,Ⅱto Ⅲ.The expressions of ER and PR in histological grade Ⅰ were significantly different from that in histologic grade Ⅲ(P＜0.05).There were no correlation between expressions and ages,which expression rates less than 50 years were higher than those above 50 years.Its expression W88 not related to different clinic grade(P＞0.10).Conclusion The expressions of ER and PR increased gradually from normal endometrium,atypism endometrial hyperplasia to endometrial carcinoma.ER and PR expressions were obviously related to histologic degree.It maybe related to establishment and development of endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the intervention effect and mechanism of compound Ginkgo biloba (CGB) preparations on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

METHODThe C57BL/6 mouse NAFLD model was induced with high fat diets. Since the 2nd week after modeling, the mice were orally administered with 600 and 200 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) CGB for eight weeks. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHOL) and LPS in serum, as well as pathological changes and expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in hepatic tissues were observed. Changes in intestinal tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1 in intestinal tissues were determined under microscopy.

RESULTCompared with the normal group, the model group showed obvious fatty degeneration in rat livers, with notable increase in TNF-alpha expression (P < 0.01), significant increases in ALT, AST, TG, CHOL and LPS in serum (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), injury in intestinal tight junction proteins, and remarkable declines in ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, CGB high and low dose groups showed obvious relieves in fatty degeneration in rat livers and injury in intestinal tight junction proteins, significant reductions in TNF-alpha expression (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and AST, TG, CHOL and LPS in serum (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and remarkable increases in ZO-1 and Occludin expressions (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCGB can protect intestinal tight junction proteins, reduce intestinal leakage, relieve fatty degeneration and inflammations in livers and prevent NAFLD occurrence and development.

Alanine Transaminase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Fatty Liver ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

This study is to evaluate the effects of the metformin (Met) on β cell function of diabetic KKAy mice. Female diabetic KKAy mice selected by insulin tolerance test (ITT) were divided randomly into two groups. Con group was orally administered by gavage with water, Met group with metformin hydrochloride at a dose of 0.2 g x kg(-1) for about 12 weeks. ITT and glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were determined. Beta cell function was assessed by hyperglycemic clamp. Pancreatic biochemical indicators were tested. The changes of gene and protein expression in the pancreas and islets were also analyzed by Real-Time-PCR and immunostaining. Met significantly improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in KKAy mice. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were also decreased. In addition, Met markedly increased glucose infusion rate (GIR) and elevated the Ist phase and maximum insulin secretion during clamp. It showed that Met decreased TG content and iNOS activities and increased Ca(2+) -Mg(2+)-ATPase activity in pancreas. Islets periphery was improved, and down-regulation of glucagon and up-regulated insulin protein expressions were found after Met treatment. Pancreatic mRNA expressions of inflammation factors including TLR4, NF-κB, JNK, IL-6 and TNF-α were down-regulated, p-NF-κB p65 protein levels also down-regulated by Met. And mRNA expressions of ion homeostasis involved in insulin secretion including SERCA2 and Kir6.2 were up-regulated by Met. Met increased SIRT5 expression level in pancreas of KKAy mice under the hyperglycemic clamp. These results indicated that chronic administration of Met regulated pancreatic inflammation generation, ion and hormone homeostasis and improved β cell function of diabetic KKAy mice.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Insulin ; secretion ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Pancreas ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To observe the effect of Zusanli acupoint injection of Astragalus Membranaceus Injection on patients with tumor leukopenia after radiotherapy and chemotherapy and its influence on cellular immune function.Methods According to clinical case of random table,60 cases of malignant tumor patients in Hubei province Xiangyang city hospital from March 2010 to August 2011 were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients in each group.The treatment group was treated with Zusanli acupoint injection of Astragalus Injection therapy,while the control group was taken Leucogen,vitaminB4,batyl alcohol orally.Venous blood and peripheral white blood cell were taken in both groups before and after treatment.Direct immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were used for the detection of peripheral blood T lymphocyte total number and its subsets.Results ① clinical efficacy:Total effectiveness was 77.5％in the treatment group,and 52.5％ the control group,the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (x2=8.027,P＜0.05).Comparison of the white blood cell count and T lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood:the white blood cell count was (3.56～4.21) × 109/L in the treatment group,and (2.89～3.39) × 109/in the control group,there was significant difference between two groups (t=2.435,P＜0.05); there was significant elevation of CD3 +,CD4+,CD4+/CD8 + [(62± 1.63) ％,(43 ± 0.80) ％,(1.48 ± 0.23) in the treatment group after the treatment comparing with (48± 1.25)％,(31 ± 0.74)％,(0.93± 0.12) before the treatment (P＜0.05 or 0.01),while there was no such changes in the control group.Conclusion Zusanli acupoint injection of Astragalus Injection may modulate the cellular immune function of patients with cancer.It is effective in the treatment of leukopenia after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND:Exosomes are membrane vesicles secreted by mesenchymal stem cells. Increasing studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells can secrete exosomes via paracrine function to play a role in tissue injury. However, reports on how to isolate and identify exosomes derived from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells are few. OBJECTIVE:To extract, purify and identify exosomes derived from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:The cellculture supernatant of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells was col ected. Exosome was extracted and purified with ultrafiltration and gradient centrifugation methods. The morphology of exosome was observed by transmission electronic microscope, and the expressions of CD63, CD81, CD90, CD73, CD105, CD29, and CD166 in exosome of mesenchymal stem cells were analyzed by fluorescent activated cellsorting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord blood secreted exosome which exhibited el iptic or saucer-like shape and its diameter ranged from 40 to 100 nm with membrane structure. Exosome could express the common surface adhesion molecules CD63, CD81 and the surface adhesion molecules CD90, CD73, CD105, CD29, CD166 of mesenchymal stem cells. These findings indicate that exosome may be secreted by mesenchymal stem cells of human umbilical cord blood, which contains plasma membrane proteins of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of mitral regurgitation jet volume(MRvol) in the quantification of mitral regurgitation severity by general imaging three-dimensional quantification (GI3DQ) using the guideline recommended 2D integrative method as a reference.Methods Ninety-three patients with MR were divided into central MR group(n =41) and eccentric MR group(n =52).The American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)-recommended 2D integrative method was used as a reference for MR grading and MRvol was directly measured by GI3DQ method.Results In central MR,as assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis,the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.87(P <0.0001), and MRvol by GI3DQ at a cutoff value of 16.2 ml yielded 96.2% of sensitivity and 63.6% of specificity to differentiate mild from moderate MR;the AUC was 0.98(P < 0.0001),and a cutoff value of 47.8 ml yielded 98.6% of sensitivity and 96.2% of specificity to differentiate moderate from severe MR. In eccentric MR,the AUC was 0.76(P =0.086),and MRvol at a cutoff value of 14.8 ml yielded 90.9% of sensitivity and 60.0% of specificity to differentiate mild from moderate MR;the AUC was 0.84(P <0.0001) and a cutoff value of 40.7 ml yielded 80.0% of sensitivity and 79.7% of specificity to differentiate moderate from severe MR.Conclusions MRvol measured directly by GI3DQ could more exactly evaluate MR severity,and have better sensitivity and specificity to differentiate moderate from severe MR in central MR.

Objective To assess the abstracts on randomized controlled trials ( RCT) in non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) published in Chinese and their influencing factors.Methods RCT in NSCLC published in Chinese were included according to the CONSORT statement and their influencing factors were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 soft-ware.Results The titles were identified as random, randomization, blinding, statistical method, recruited partici-pants, trial registry and fund-supported, respectively, in 20%of the 2677 abstracts included in this study.Con-clusion The titles are identified as random, randomization, blinding, statistical method, recruited participants, trial registry and fund-supported in RCT published in Chinese.Although the abstracts are improved after the publication of CONSORT, they need to be further brushed up.

Theacrine is one kind of natural purine alkaloids, which mainly exists in an unusual Chinese tea known as Kucha. It shows various biological activities, such as anti-depression, sedative and hypnotic effects and anti-inflammatory and analgesic activi-ties. The study on theacrine dates back to a few decades ago. According to the references published in recent years, the resource, preparation, characterization and pharmacological effects of theacrine were reviewed, and its application prospect was also explored.

To explore the feasibility and accuracy for evaluating mitral regurgitation (MR) severity with MR jet volume (MRvol) by means of general imaging three-dimensional quantification (GI3DQ). Methods: A total of 93 MR patients were divided into 2 groups: Central MR group, n=41 and Eccentric MR group, n=52. According to real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) examined planimetry of effective regurgitation orifice area (EROA), the patients were graded into mild MR, moderate MR and severe MR. MRvol was directly measured by GI3DQ. Results: In Central MR group, ROC analysis showed that as GI3DQ measured MRvol>16.2 ml, AUC=0.93, P<0.0001, the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing mild MR and moderate MR were 96.0% and 70.0%respectively; as MRvol>44.5 ml, AUC=0.96, P<0.0001, the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing moderate MR and severe MR were 97.6% and 91.7% respectively. In Eccentric MR group, as MRvol>14.2 ml, AUC=0.77, P=0.0243, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating mild MR and moderate MR were 91.8% and 62.5% respectively; as MRvol>40.5 ml, AUC=0.83, P<0.0001, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating moderate MR and severe MR were 82.3% and 77.9% respectively. Conclusion: Taking RT3DE examined EROA as reference, GI3DQ directly measured MRvol could more accurately assess MR severity especially in patients with central MR, it may distinguish moderate MR and severe MR with the higher sensitivity and specificity.