Neurotrophic factors binds with their specific receptors tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk)to protect ischemic neurons during ischemic brain injury.The studies of the activation mode of Trk expression and its relationship with cerebral ischemia have important value.This article reviews the biological characteristics and action pathway of Trk,its relationship with cerebral ischemia,and its application prospect.

Objective To investigate the associations of IL-6(rs6949149,rs1800796 and rs10499563) and IL-6R(rs2228145) single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) with the risk of gastric cancer in Chinese Han population of Xuyi,Huai'an.Methods A total of 400 patients with gastric cancer and 400 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study.The genotypes of the four SNPs were detected by the Mass-Array technology.The associations between the IL-5/IL-6R SNPs and the risk of gastric cancer were analyzed by Logistic regression model.Results There was a significant difference in the distribution of the IL-6 rs1800796 genotypes between the patients with gastric cancer and healthy controls(x2 =6.213,P =0.045).The IL-6 rs1800796 GG genotype was associated with a increased risk of gastric cancer(adjusted OR =1.27,95 ％ CI:1.15-3.20,x2 =6.326,P =0.012).Subgroup analysis showed that the associations between the IL-6 rs1800796 GG genotype and the risk of gastric cancer were obvious in the female(adjusted OR =3.99,95％ CI:1.36-11.71,x2 =6.358,P =0.012) and the patients with H.pylori infection(adjusted OR =2.20,95％ CI:1.08-4.45,x2 =4.770,P =0.029).Conclusion The IL-6 rs1800796 GG geuotype is associated with the risk of gastric cancer,especially in the female and the patients with H.pylori infection.

Objective:To better understand the clinical characteristics of children with pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP).Methods:Seven cases of non-human immunodeficiency virus infected children with PCP admitted to pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) at Xi′an Children′s Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were enrolled.Clinical findings, laboratory examination results, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome data were retrospectively reviewed.Results:There were seven children enrolled in this study including six boys and one girl.The average age was(6.09±3.80)years.Six patients received a long-term steroid or immunosuppressive therapy, and the average duration of medication was(80±30)days.One patient was eventually diagnosed with immunodeficiency disease despite no history of steroid and immunosuppressive therapy.Fever, cough and progressive dyspnea were the main manifestations.The pulmonary signs were not obvious, however, the chest radiographs showed serious ground glass changes.Laboratory examination showed that white blood cell counts were normal, lymphocyte counts were decreased to varying degrees, while C-reactive protein, calcitonin and lipopolysaccharide increased slightly or normal.Lactate dehydrogenase significantly increased and PaO 2/FiO 2 decreased, respectively.All children combined with different degrees of heart, liver and digestive tract damage.Pneumocystis jirovecii infection was diagnosed by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS), of which one case was detected by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the remaining six cases were detected by peripheral blood.After entering PICU, mechanical ventilation, intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin, and continuous renal replacement therapy were performed.None of the children used TMP-SMZ for prophylaxis outside the hospital.Among them, one case was diagnosed with PCP before entering PICU and was given TMP-SMZ for 20 days, while the remaining six patients started to receive TMP-SMZ after entering PICU.Finally, one patient was cured, three died and another three cases died after giving up treatment.The average hospitalization days were(11.28±8.78)days, and the average hospitalization costs were (78, 000±24, 000) RMB. Conclusion:Children with non-human immunodeficiency virus infected PCP usually have underlying diseases or immunodeficiency diseases.Due to non-specific manifestations, rapid progression and high mortality, clinicians should pay more attention to it.It is necessary to dynamically observe the respiratory symptoms, perform mNGS as soon as possible, and give TMP-SMZ treatment in time.TMP-SMZ prophylaxis can be given to patients who are highly suspected of PCP but unable to perform pathogenic examinations.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of sensory nerve action protential (SNAP) on diabetic neuropathy (DN), through measuring amplitude and amplitude ratio. Methods There were 91 patients with type 2 diabetes involing 51 cases without neurologic symptom/sign as subgroup Ⅰ, 30 cases with mild neuropathy as subgroup Ⅱ and 10 cases with severe neuropathy as subgroup Ⅲ, according to Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS). Thirty-nine healthy volunteers with age- and gender-matched were served as controls. SNAP were antidromically recorded using surface electrodes. The observed parameters were as follows: conduction velocity and amplitude of median, radial and sural nerve, shorten for Vine, Vra and Vsu and Ame, Ara and Asu, respectively; sural/radial nerve amplitude ratio (SRAR) and median/ radial nerve amplitude ratio (MRAR). Results (1) As compared with the controls (P<0.05),conduction velocity (m/s, Vine : 46. 2 ±7.3, Vra: 45.8±6. 9, Vsu: 30. 3±9. 5) and amplitude (μV, Am: 15.4±10.5, Ar: 16.6±9.8, As: 5.9±6. 3)decreased significantly in subgroup Ⅲ; Vsu (46.2± 4. 7) significantly slowed in subgroup Ⅱ (P = 0. 002) ; both Ame (34. 5 ± 10. 2, 33. 0 ± 14. 6) and Asu (13.8± 5.6, 10.7 ± 5.5) decreased significantly in both subgroup Ⅰ and Ⅱ respectively, with Asu decreasing more significantly in subgroup Ⅱ (Z=- 3.22, P = 0. 001) ; SRAR (0. 432±: 0. 112) was significantly smaller only in subgroup Ⅰ , both SRAR (0. 330 ±0. 102) and MRAR (1. 008 ± 0. 225) were significantly smaller in subgroup Ⅱ. SRAR decreased more significantly in subgroup Ⅱ (t = - 3. 86, P = 0. 003). (2) The abnormal rate of Ame was the highest in subgroup Ⅰ (26. 0%), and Asu in subgroup Ⅱ (41.4%) ; while that of combination of Asu and SRAR (68.9%) was significantly higher than that of Asu alone (x2 = 9. 212, P = 0. 003). (3) TCSS scores were negatively related to Van (r = - 0. 583), Ame (r=-0. 406), Asu (r=-0.620) and SRAR (r=-0.527, all P<0.05), and there was no significant correlation of TCSS scores with MRAR in subgroup Ⅱ; both SRAR (r = -0.435) and MRAR (r = - 0. 319) were negatively related to the diabetic duration (both P < 0. 05). Conclusions In mild or early DN, SNAP amplitude is more sensitive than conduction velocity, combination of SRAR and Vsu may be serve as a useful indication for early diagnosis. In the DN patient, diabetic duration has more influence on the measurement of sensory NCS, and SRAR is related to the severity of neuropathy.

BACKGROUND:Studies have demonstrated that Acorus tatarinowi and its active ingredients can promote adult neurogenesis, exerting an active role in anti-aging and neurodegenerative disease treatment.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of Acorus tatarinowi extracts on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of umbilical cord blood stem cel s, thereby providing a new idea for promoting the osteogenic differentiation of stem cel s by Chinese medicines.
METHODS:Acorus tatarinowi extracts were obtained via solvent extraction method and flow cytometry sorting technology was used to select the stem cel s isolated from human umbilical cord. Then, the umbilical cord blood stem cel proliferation was observed by electron microscope, and the effect of Acorus tatarinowi on the proliferation of umbilical cord blood stem cel s was observed by cel counting kit-8. Meanwhile, the impact of Acorus tatarinowi on osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 contents in the supernatant of umbilical cord blood stem cel s were detected by ELISA;alkaline phosphatas expression was detected using alkaline phosphatase staining kit.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The separation purity of the stem cel s from umbilical cord mononuclear cel s was (89.66±3.47)%. After low, moderate and high concentrations of cord blood stem cel s co-cultured with Acorus tatarinowi extractions for 24, 48 and 72 hours, the stem cel proliferation rate was significantly higher compared with the control group (P<0.05), and additional y, the proliferation rate of moderate concentration group was significantly higher than that in the low and high concentration groups (P<0.05). The contents of osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the stem cel supernatants were significantly higher than those in the control group after co-cultured with Acorus tatarinowi extractions for 5, 10 and 15 days, and which the highest in the high concentration group (P<0.05). The expression of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher than that in the control group after umbilical cord blood stem cel s co-cultured with Acorus tatarinowi extractions for 10 days, and moreover, the expression of alkaline phosphatase in the moderate concentration and high concentration groups were significantly higher than that in the low concentration group (P<0.05). In conclusion, Acorus tatarinowi can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of umbilical cord blood stem cel s.

Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) is a multifunctional protein.Its concentration is positively correlated with triglyceride (TG) levels and is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CAD) prediction and development.Recent studies showed that APOC3 could not only regulate triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) metabolism,but also regulated endothelial function,that is,it could induce endothelial dysfunction and disorders of lipid metabolism.Gradually,APOC3 induces atherosclerosis (AS),increases the risk of the occurrence of CAD and other related diseases.APOC3 polymorphisms are also closely related to related diseases.

Objective:To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA MALAT1, interleukin 6(IL-6) and apoptosis induced factor(AIF) in peripheral venous blood of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its clinical significance.Methods:Preterm infants admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children′s Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were enrolled.The selection criteria included gestational age (GA) ≥28 weeks and ≤32 weeks, and birth weight (BW) < 1 500 g. According to the diagnosis, they were divided into BPD group (20 cases) and control group (20 cases). The clinical data of the two groups of premature infants were collected and analyzed, and the levels of MALAT1, IL-6 and AIF in the blood of 40 premature infants were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). T test was used to compare gestational age, birth weight, MALAT1, IL-6 and AIF between the two groups. Results:(1)There was no significant differences in sex ( χ2=1.76), gestational age ( t= 0.17) and birth weight ( t=1.25) of premature infants in BPD group, compared with the control group (all P >0.05). (2)Compared with the control group, the expression of MALAT1 in the peripheral blood of premature infants in BPD group were significantly increased (0.273 4±0.067 3 vs. 0.375 5±0.081 9, P<0.05). (3)Compared with the control group, the expression of IL-6 in the peripheral blood of premature infants in BPD group were obviously decreased (1.448 8±0.191 8 vs.4.444 6±0.165 7, P<0.05). (4)Compared with the control group, the expression of AIF in the peripheral blood of premature infants in BPD group were remarkably decreased(0.006 8±0.002 0 vs.0.004 5±0.001 9, P<0.05). Conclusions:MALAT1 and IL-6 levels of long non-coding RNA in BPD and non-BPD preterm infants are different, which may be related to the incidence of BPD.IL-6 may be a predictor of BPD, and MALAT1 may protect premature infants with BPD.

OBJECTIVETo study the expressions changes of gastric mucosal hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and downstream molecules [such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] of verrucous gastritis (VG) patients of different Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome types and their clinical significance.

METHODSTotally 94 VG patients were assigned to Gan-Wei disharmony group (GWDG, 28 cases), the damp-heat in Pi-Wei group (DHPWG, 17 cases), the blood stasis in Wei-collateral group (BSWCG, 20 cases), and the insufficiency of Pi-yang group (IPYG, 29 cases). Another 30 patients with chronic mild non-active superficial gastritis patients accompanied with negative Hp infection were recruited as the control group. The Hp infection was detected using 14C-labeled urea breath test. The expressions of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, and COX-2 in the gastric mucosal tissue were detected using immunohistochemical EnVision two-step test.

RESULTSThe positive Hp infection rate in VG patients was 37.23% (35/94 cases). The positive Hp infection rate in patients of DHPWG (76. 47%) was significantly higher than the other three groups (32.14% in GWDG, 31.03% in IPYG, and 20.00% in BSWCG, P < 0.01). The expressions of HIF-1alpha and COX-2 in VG patients of different syndrome types were obviously higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Of them, the expression of HIF-1alpha was the highest in BSWCG and the expression of COX-2 was the highest in DHPWG. The expression of VEGF was higher in DHPWG and IPYG than in the control group and the GWDG (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expressions of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, COX-2, and Hp infection showed certain changes in VG patients of different syndrome types. The expression of HIF-1alpha was the strongest in BSWCG. The expressions of VEGF and COX-2 as well as Hp infection were the highest in DHPWG. All showed the specificity of CM syndromes.

Adult ; Aged ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gastritis ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Helicobacter Infections ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the resistant effect of houttuyfonate sodium (SH) combined with imipenem (IMP) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) biofilms.

METHODThe two-fold dilution method was used to examine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the tested drug. The crystal violet staining was applied to detect the effect of the combination of 1/2MIC, 1MIC, 2MIC of SH, single IMP, 1/2MIC of SH and IMP of various concentrations on the clearance rate of adherent bacteria, growth of biofilms and alginate production. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA)-propidium iodide (PI) doubling staining assay was employed to observe the bacterial viability and morphological changes after membrane dispersion of each drug group.

RESULTSodium houttuyfonate could enhance the effect of IMP against pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Particularly, the combination group with the concentration of 2MIC showed the highest effect, with P < 0.001 compared with the negative control group. The above results were proved by the bacterial viability and biofilm morphology under fluorescence microscope.

CONCLUSIONAfter being combined with imipenem, sodium houttuyfonate shows a higher effect against biofilms. It is expected that the combination of the two drugs could improve the clinical efficacy of associated infections.

Alkanes ; pharmacology ; Biofilms ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Drug Synergism ; Imipenem ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Microbial Viability ; drug effects ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects ; physiology ; Sulfites ; pharmacology

Objective To exPlore the effect of mammalian target of raPamycin ( mTOR ) inhibitor eVerolimus on radiosensitiVity of human non_small cell lung cancer cell line in vitro by using eVerolimus to inhibit mTOR signaling Pathway of A549. Methods Human non_small cell lung cancer cell line A549 was subjected to radiation alone or in combination with eVerolimus treatment. The 50%inhibition concentration ( IC50 ) of eVerolimus in A549 cells was detected by methylthiazol tetrazolium ( MTT) assay in vitro. EVerolimus at the 20%inhibition concentration ( IC20 ) was used to Pretreat A549 cells for 24 h. Cells were then irradiated by X_ray with 2,4,6,8 Gy. The cell surViVal fraction was comPuted by clone formation. Cell surViVal curVe was fitted by multitarget one_hit model, and mean lethal dose ( D0 ), dose quasithreshold ( Dq ), surViVal fraction at 2 Gy ( SF2 ), and sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) were calculated. The exPression ofγ_H2AX was determined by Western blotting and then the relatiVe gray Values were analyzed. Results EVerolimus significantly imProVed the sensitiVity of A549 cells to radiation. The D0 , Dq and SF2 of eVerolimus+irradiation grouP were significantly lower than those of irradiation grouP. The SER was 1. 36. The residual amount of γ_H2AX Protein in the eVerolimus + irradiation grouP was significantly higher than that of the irradiation grouP. Conclusion EVerolimus inhibiting mTOR signaling Pathway can increase the radiosensitiVity of A549 cells.