Adolescent ; Autonomic Nervous System ; physiopathology ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Posture ; physiology ; Syncope, Vasovagal ; diagnosis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Tilt-Table Test ; Vagus Nerve ; physiopathology

Widely accepted in other countries,DRG payment is also referred to in China now and then.The authors reviewed the status quo of medical payment in China,as well as the practices and studies of DRG payment overseas.Based on such studies,the paper probed into the feasibility of DRG application in China,in terms of policy environment,application demand,research basis and technical conditions.Proposed in the paper are ranges of application,possible roadblocks and countermeasures for the application in China,aiming to promote the research,application and use of the method in China.

Objective No reports has been found to date on whether frequency compounding can improve elastographic image signal to noise ratio (SNRe) and how it affects elastogram performance.In this paper simulations investigation was carried out on transmit-side frequency compounding (TSFC)for elastography.Methods 50 mm×50 mm tissue model was simulated with two round hard inclusions of 10mm diameter uniformly distributed along the tissue central axial line,and their elasticity modulus were 10 times of the background.Then simulation of 3.5 MHz、5 MHz and 7.5 MHz probes were introduced to form compression elastography of the double-lesion model by quasi-static compression method (applied strain 1%).Then,sub-elastograms obtained by the combination of 3.5 MHz and 5 MHz,3.5 MHz and 5 MHz,3.5 MHz and 7.5 MHz were compounded,respectively.Results Before compounding,signal to noise ratio (SNRe) of the various sub-elastograms were 8.42,9.62,10.73,respectively,contrast to noise ratio (CNRe) were 11.35,14.82,18.37,respectively and axial resolutions were 9.83,9.82,9.81.After compounding elastograms,the SNRe were 11.82,13.05,19.45,CNRe were 22.31,27.63,56.12,while axial resolutions were 9.83,9.83,9.83.Conclusion Frequency compounding elastograms have higher SNRe and CNRe than any sub-elastogram before compounding and have no axial resolution loss.The TSFC can improve elastogram performance efficiently and frequency compounding for elastography enhancement is feasible.

Objective To investigate trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 gene (TRPS-1) expression patterns in different subtypes of breast cancer and its correlations with other genes and survival using microarray data sets.
Methods The transcripts of TRPS-1 and its role in survival in breast cancer were analyzed using published microarray data sets-Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI) cohort andWang cohort.
Results TRPS-1 expression was lower in basal-like breast cancer. The mRNA levels of TRPS-1 negatively correlated with Slug (Pearson correlation coefficient=?0.1366, P=0.0189 in NKI data set and Pearson correlation coefficient=?0.1571, P=0.0078 in Wang data set), FOXC1 (Pearson correlation coefficient=?0.1211, P=0.0376 in NKI data set and Pearson correlation coefficient=?0.1709, P=0.0037 in Wang data set), and CXCL1 (Pearson correlation coefficient=?0.1197, P=0.0399 in NKI data set and Pearson correlation coefficient=?0.3436, P<0.0001 in Wang data set), but positively correlated with BRCA1 (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.1728, P=0.0029 in NKI data set and Pearson correlation coefficient=0.1805, P=0.0022 in Wang data set). Low TRPS-1 expression associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio 1.79, 95%CI of ratio 0.9894 to 3.238, P=0.054) and relapse-free survival (hazard ratio 1.913, 95%CI of ratio 1.159 to 3.156, P<0.05). The low TRPS-1 mRNA levels predicted poor outcome in breast cancer patients by the 70-gene signature.
Conclusion The strong expression of TRPS-1 may serve as a good prognostic marker in breast cancer.

Cardiomyopathies ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Child ; Humans

Angiopoietins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; physiopathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Pericytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; physiology ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

Objective To study that Geranylgeranylacetone(GA) induce the expression of heat shock protein 70 expression in hippocampus of Alzheimer's model rats and its effect on learning and memory ability in the model rats induced by Aβ1-42 injection into hippocampus.Method 72 health SD rats were randomly divided into GGA group,model group was injected with Aβ1-42 and control group was injected with normal saline into hippocampus.Y maze test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of the rats at the 7th,14th and 21st day after injection into hippocampus separately.HSP70 expression in hippocampus tissues were detected by RT-PCR and western-blot as soon as Y maze test has been finished.Result The learning and memory ability of the rats in model group decreased significantly at the 14th and 21st day after injection than those in control group(P<0.05),but not too much changed in GGA group(P<0.05).HSP70 expres- sions in hippocampus tissues in model group decreased gradually after injection Aβ1-42,but increased in GGA group at the 7th,14th and 21st day after injection.Conclusion GGA can induce the expression of HSP70 in hippocarnpus of Alzheimer's model rats and meliorate the neuron impairment as well as the learning and memory ability of the rats.

Objective To realize hand hygiene status and effect of hand-drying measures on hand-washing of health care workers(HCWs)in an intensive care unit(ICU).Methods From February to April 2013,210 HCWs in an ICU were selected and randomly divided into three groups,group A dried hands with paper towel,group B with hand drier,and group C with personal towel,specimens from hands before hand-washing,after hand-washing,and after hand-drying were taken and performed detection.Results Hand microorganism count in group A,B and C before washing hands after contacting patients was (29.10±15.08)CFU/cm2 ,(31.42±14.76)CFU/cm2 and (30.36±15.52) CFU/cm2 respectively,the difference was not statistically different(F=0.048,P >0.05);After six-step hand-washing, hand microorganism count before hand drying in group A,B and C was (3.26 ±0.61 )CFU/cm2 ,(2.98 ±0.59) CFU/cm2 and (3.87±0.67)CFU/cm2 respectively,compared with hand microorganism count before hand-washing, the difference was statistically different(all P <0.01 ).After adopting different hand-drying methods,microorgan-ism count in three groups was statistically different(F =1 .892,P <0.05),group A ([1 .29±0.58]CFU/cm2 )was significantly lower than group B and C,group B ([9.51 ±0.73 ]CFU/cm2 )was significantly lower than group C ([22.76±4.11]CFU/cm2 );the qualified rate in group A (90.00%)was significantly higher than group B and C, group B (68.57%)was significantly higher than group C (47.14%).The top 5 pathogens isolated from HCWs’ hands were Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Acinetobacter baumannii ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Escherichia coli ,and Coag-ulase negative Staphylococcus ,these strains were highly consistent with the top 5 multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)isolated from ICU patients in this hospital in 2013.Conclusion HCWs’hands are seriously contamina-ted after all kinds of medical performance;if hands are improperly dried,secondary contamination may occur;patho-gens isolated from HCWs’hands are highly consistent with MOROs from patients,timely and correct hand-washing and hand-drying is the key link to ensure the quality of hand hygiene,and is of great significance to reduce the occur-rence of MDROs infection in ICU patients.

Injectable bone tissue engineering scaffold material has a certain form and mechanical strength.It can be loaded with seed cells for injection to the defected site of bone tissue in the form of fluid.After that,structural recovery and functional reconstruction are achieved,and the new bone is formed ultimately.This material has the characteristics of small trauma and good plasticity.It can repair the irregular bone defects and well associate with growth factor,which is the ideal method for repairing bone tissue defects up to now.Among the various injectable bone tissue engineering materials,bioceramic materials,polymer materials,etc.have been proved to have a high biological compatibility and good mechanical properties.That makes these materials become the focus of current research in bone tissue engineering materials.In this paper,the development and application of bioceramic materials,polymer materials,bioceramics and polymer composites were reviewed.