Objective To know the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) and the implementation of control measures against the disorders in high-risk areas of Hainan province. Methods Typical sampling principle was used. Eight townships with lower coverage rate of iodized salt were chosen in IDD high-risk counties of Hainan. New cretinism cases were screened among children aged 10 years and under. Intelligence quotient (IQ)value, urinary iodine (UI) concentration and thyroid gland size (by palpation and B ultrasonic) were investigated in children aged 8 to 10 years and questionnaire was also carried out among students from grade 5 in elementary school. Edible salt and urine of women of childbearing age were collected to detect iodine levels, respectively,questionnaire was also carried out among the women of childbearing age. The UI was determined by As3-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometer, the salt iodine level was determined using self-quantitative kit. IQ values were measured by the Combined Raven Test in China (CRT-C2). Results Seventy-two townships were investigated in three consecutive years, 7937 children aged 8 to 10 years, 1797 women of childbearing age and 4128 students of grade 5 were included in the survey. One child was diagnosed as suspected new cretinism case. The coverage rate of iodized salt was increased from 44.6%(629/1411) in 2007 to 92.1%(1688/1832) in 2009. The goiter rate was dropped from 5.9% (269/4548), 6.0% (274/4548) in 2007 to 1.6% (24/1461), 0.1% (2/1461) in 2009 bypalpation, and by B-ultrasound, respectively, in children aged 8 to 10 years. The median urinary iodine(MUI) was found to be increased from 97.4 μg/L in 2007 to 165.0 μg/L in 2009, and the percentage of UI less than 50.0 μg/L, and 100.0 μg/L were dropped from 21.4%(973/4548), 51.2%(2329/4548) in 2007 to 7.5 %(110/1461), 23.4%(342/1461) in 2009, respectively. The MUI of women of childbearing age was found to be elevated from 73.7 μg/L in 2007 to 126.1 μg/L in 2009, and the value was also increased from 55.7 μg/L to 121.5 μg/L in pregnant women, but these values were still lower than 150.0 μg/L The pass rate of the questionnaire of IDD controlling among the students of grade 5 and the women of childbearing age was raised from 29.8% (446/1495) ,24.1% (179/742) in 2007 to 65.8%(732/1112), 72.1%(264/366) in 2009, respectively. The mean IQ of children was 90.4±16.0, and the percentage of IQ value less than 69 was 12.6% (1000/7937). Conclusions The diseased state of IDD has improved in the high-risk counties of disorders in Hainan province, but the pregnant women are still iodine deficient. Iodine supplimentation should be promoted among pregnant women.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy on pain in postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with the warm acupuncture therapy and discuss its effect mechanism.

METHODSNinety cases of postmenopausal osteoporosis were randomized into a warm acupuncture group, an electroacupuncture group and a medication group, 30 cases in each group. In the warm acupuncture group and the electroacupuncture group, Dazhu (BL 11), Shenshu (BL 23) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) were selected bilaterally and stimulated with the warm acupuncture and electroacupuncture therapies respectively, once a day for 30 days totally. In the medication group, caltrate-D tablets were prescribed, 600 mg, once a day for 30 days totally. The changes in the bone density T value, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, serum insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) were observed before and after treatment in the three groups.

RESULTS(1) The bone density T value in the patients of postmenopausal osteoporosis did not change obviously after 30 days treatment with the three therapies; (2) VAS score was all reduced after treatment, in which, the result in the warm acupuncture group was the most obvious (6.73 +/- 0.24 before treatment vs 4.43 +/- 0.26 after treatment). The value after treatment in the warm acupuncture group was different significantly as compared with the electroacupuncture group (5.13 +/- 0.31) and the medication group (5.17 +/- 0.33, both P < 0.05). (3) The level of serum IGF-1 was improved after treatment in the warm acupuncture therapy [(119.5 +/- 20.1) ng/mL before treatment vs (156.5 +/- 23.9) ng/mL after treatment], which was more apparent as compared with the electroacupuncture group [(136.3 +/- 24.5) ng/mL] and the medication group [(127.7 +/- 22.1) ng/mL, all P < 0.05]. Concerning to reducing the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in serum, the results in the warm acupuncture group were superior to the other two groups (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe warm acupuncture therapy achieves the significant efficacy on pain in postmenopausal osteoporosis, which could be related to increasing the level of IGF-1, decreasing the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, promoting bone formation and inhibting bone absorption.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Pain Management ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of Src kinase inhibitor ZD6474 on the growth of multidrug-resistant K562/A02 cells and its regulatory mechanisms.

METHODSThe possible mechanisms of drug-resistance were tested by Western blot. Proliferation assays and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by WST metric analysis. Western blot were used to investigate the mechanisms of antiproliferative activity induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD6474. The in vivo anti-tumor activity was evaluated in K562, K562/A02 xenografted nude mice by administration of ZD6474 (25 - 100 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), PO).

RESULTSCompared with parental K562 cells, marked high levels of p-Src and Src expression were detected in K562/A02 cells. WST results showed that the IC(50) values of ZD6474 on K562 and K562/A02 after 48 hours incubation were (1.61 ± 0.07) µmol/L and (3.22 ± 0.21)µmol/L, respectively. ZD6474 caused an accumulation of cells in the G(0)/G(1) fraction and apoptosis by inhibiting the expressions of p-Src and Src kinase. Administration of ZD6474 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth. 50 mg/kg ZD6474 produced the growth inhibition rates of 43.7% and 56.3%, respectively in K562 and K562/A02.

CONCLUSIONOur results indicated that inhibiting Src kinase could induce K562/A02 cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; src-Family Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

Metabolomics is an omics subject which studies on the metabolic network of organism and the intrinsic metabolic change of entirety with the aim of clarifying the mechanism of medicinal effect and pathogenesis of disease, is similar to the whole concept theory of Chinese medicine. The mectabolomics technology helps to promote the modern process of traditional Chinese medicine. This article illustrated the application research on the concept of metabolomics, the syndrome of Chinese medicine, quality and components of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine compounds and so on, explored the problems on the current research and the prospect meanwhile.

OBJECTIVETo observe metabolomic changes in urine of chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) patients with Pi-qi deficiency syndrome (PQDS) or Pi-Wei dampness-heat syndrome (PWDHS), thereby providing scientific evidence for syndrome typing of them.

METHODSUrine samples were collected from CSG patients with PQDS/PWDHS and healthy volunteers, 10 in each group. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) based metabonomic analysis was performed on urine samples. Contents of related biomarkers were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and urivariate statistical analysis.

RESULTSPLS-DA analysis showed that metabolites among CSG patients with PQDS/PWDHS and healthy volunteers could be mutually distinguished. Seven differentially identified metabolites were screened from urines of CSG patients with PQDS and healthy volunteers included glutamate, methionine, α-oxoglutarate, dimethylglycine, creatinine, taurine, and glucose. Four differentially identified metabolites were screened from urines of CSG patients with PWDHS and healthy volunteers included 2-hydroxybutyric acid, trimethylamine oxide, taurine, and hippuric acid. Eleven differentially identified metabolites were screened from urines of CSG patients with PQDS and PWDHS included fucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid, alanine, glutamate, methionine, succinic acid, citric acid, creatinine, glucose, hippuric acid, and lactic acid.

CONCLUSIONThe metabolic differences of CSG patients PQDS and PWDHS mainly manifested in glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acids catabolism, and 1H-NMR based metabonomics may be used in classified study of Chinese medical syndrome typing.

Biomarkers ; urine ; Discriminant Analysis ; Gastritis ; urine ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydroxybutyrates ; Ketoglutaric Acids ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metabolome ; physiology ; Metabolomics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Qi ; Syndrome

To investigate the adjuvant effect of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in Flaviviridae virus DNA vaccines. After DNA immunization, the antibody levels of serum from mice were detected by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Co-immunization of GM-CSF suppressed the immune responses induced by DV1 and DV2 candidate vaccines whereas enhanced the immune response induced by HCV C and E1 DNA vaccines. As genetic adjuvant for DNA vaccines, GM-CSF might display complex diversity on the immune responses: an augmentation or suppression due to different immunogens. Therefore, GM-CSF should be used with some cautions in clinic.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; DNA, Viral ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Dengue ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Dengue Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Dengue Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis C ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Humans ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Vaccines, DNA ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo summarize the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in Guangzhou.

METHODSMP was detected using an indirect immunofluorescent method in 2084 children with ARI. The relations between MP infection rate and the gender, age, season, site of infection and wheezing diseases were analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 433 children (20.8%) were positive for MP, including 222 boys (19.8%) and 211 girls (21.9%) without significant difference in the infection rate between the genders (P>0.05). In 0- to 3-year-old group, 106 children were positive for MP (15.0%), while in 3- to 5-year-old group and 5- to 14-year-old group, 163 (25.2%) and 164 (22.5%) were positive, respectively, showing a significant difference in the infection rate between the 3 groups (P<0.05). The MP infection rate was 18.0% in January to March, 25.1% in April to June, 17.7% in July to September, and 20.5% in October to December, showing significant differences between the periods (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the infection rate between children with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URI) and those with lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) (P>0.05). Among the children with LRI, those having wheezing disease had significantly higher MP positivity rate than those without wheezing.

CONCLUSIONMP is a common causative agent for ARI in children. MP infection is not related to gender and infection site, but to age and season. Children over 3 years old are vulnerable to MP infection. MP infection can be associated with wheezing in LRI.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; isolation & purification ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons

Objective To determine the value of transoral ultrasound ( US ) guided biopsy for oral tumors . Methods A consecutive series of 36 patients w ho underwent transoral US‐guided biopsy of oral tumors were evaluated retrospectively . By testing against histopathological results after surgery , the diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and accuracy of transoral US‐guided biopsy for oral tumors were calculated . ROC curves were plotted and the area under the curve were evaluated . Results All 36 lesions were successfully performed transoral US‐guided biopsy . T he diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and accuracy of this technique for the diagnosis of oral lesions were 87 .0% ,100% ,100% ,81 .3% and 91 .7% respectively . In ROC curve analysis , the area under the curve was 0 .935 . No serious complications were observed . Conclusions Transoral US‐guided biopsy can be considered as a safe and effective technology for early diagnosis and clinical treatment of oral tumors .

Objective: To investigate the delayed effect of liver injury and metabolism of dimethylformamide (DMF) after high exposures in rats. Methods: A total of 12 rats were randomly divided into four groups and 3 rats were in each group. Rats in 1d DMF+2 d delayed group were dosed for 1 day and rested for 2 days, and sacrificed at the 4th day. Rats in 3 d DMF group were dosed for 3 days and sacrificed at the 4th day. Rats in 3 d DMF+3 d delayed group were dosed for 3 days and rested for 3 days, and sacrificed at the 7th day. Rats in control group were administrated with water for 3 days, sacrificed at the 7th day. The administrated dose was 1 000 mg/kg (body weight·d) DMF by oral. The daily observation and body weight were recorded during the study period. After the experiment, the blood biochemistry, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) , alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , total bilirubin (TBIL) etc. were detected. Liver weight, kidney weight, liver/body ratio, kidney/body ratio and pathologic examination of liver and kidney were investigated. The concentrations of hemoglobin-adduct (NMHb) were detected. Results: During the period of 1~3 d, body weight growth rate of rats in each treated group had no significant difference with control rats. In the 4~6 th day of the period, rats in group 3 became thinner than before, and the body weight was negative growth (-4.22±3.29 g/d) and significant lower than that of control rats (10.33±3.21 g/d, F=30.07, P<0.05) . AST and LDH levels of 3 d DMF group were significant higher than control group (P<0.05) . Liver/body ratio in 3 d DMF+3 d delayed group were significant higher than control group (P<0.05) . The gross inspection showed 1 rat and 3 rats were observed liver injury in 3 d DMF group and 3 d DMF+3 d delayed group, respectively. Histopathological lesions of 1d DMF+2 d delayed group, 3 d DMF group and 3 d DMF+3 d delayed group were mainly spotty necrosis, focal necrosis and large necrosis of liver cells, respectively. Only NMHb level of control group was undetectable. NMHb levels in 3 d DMF+3 d delayed group were significantly higher than 3 d DMF group (F=135.46, P<0.05) . Conclusion The DMF-induced liver injury and DMF metabolism may be delayed after high DMF exposures in rats.

Objective To establish a subjective indicator system for the evaluation of sub-health status and study on its reliability and validity. Methods Based on the basic features of general malice and losing ability of workforce, the indicator system for sub-health status evaluation was developed according to the chronic stress on human body' s main systems. The items were adjusted according to the experience from experts and the results of the pilot study. Indices as Chronbach' s a, IIC and ICC were used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. Factor analysis and ANOVA were used to evaluate the construct validity and discriminative ability of the questionnaire. Results The formal sub-health survey questionnaire would include five domains and 25 questions in total. The whole questionnaire' s Chronbach's α coefficient was 0.92. Cronbach's α of the four domains, including cardiovascular, digestive tract, immunity and mental health were no less than 0.7 while IIC ranging from 0.51 to 0.72 and ICC ranging from 0.89 to 0.98. The five extracted common factors which contributed 62.35% to the total variation were basically consistent with the five dimensions. ANOVA showed significant differences among different groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The questionnaire appeared reliable and valid for measurement of sub-health status.