Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of symptom clusters, uncertainty, and social support on the health-related quality of life among patients with lung cancer. Methods: Data were collected with questionnaires on general characteristics, degree of symptoms, uncertainty, social support, and health-related quality of life. Results: The health-related quality of life according to the general characteristics of the subjects showed statistically significant differences in various factors. These factors included the degree of education, occupation, primary caregiver, medical expense burden, diagnosis name, stages of cancer, time of diagnosis, hospitalization, and treatment. A total of 23 symptoms were analyzed, revealing the presence of three symptom clusters: (1) Emotional cluster, (2) Cancer symptom cluster, and (3) Treatment adverse event cluster. Significant correlations were observed between the health-related quality of life, uncertainty, and social support among the subjects. Variables that significantly affected the healthrelated quality of life of the subjects were uncertainty, social support, and the cluster of cancer symptoms. Conclusion The results of this study provide valuable data for developing nursing intervention strategies aimed at improving the health-related quality of life of patients with lung cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the concept of ‘optimistic bias.’ Methods: A review of the literature was conducted using several databases. The databases were searched using the following keywords: optimistic bias, optimism bias, and concept analysis. The literature on optimistic bias was reviewed using the framework of Walker and Avant’s conceptual analysis process. Results: Optimistic bias can be defined by the following attributes: 1) underestimation of personal risk, 2) vague confidence, 3) positive future prediction and 4) lack of risk recognition. The antecedents of optimistic bias are as follows: 1) risk perception, 2) self-efficacy, and 3) risk controllability. The consequences of optimistic bias are as follows: 1) reduced anxiety, 2) providing emotional stability, 3) negative consequences for preventive health behavior, 4) lack of attention to risk-related information, and 5) negative consequences for self-protection behavior. Conclusion The definition and attributes of optimistic bias identified by this study can provide a common understanding of this concept and help to develop a nursing intervention program effective in preventing, protecting, and improving health of subjects in the field of nursing practice.