China ; Genes, Bacterial ; Sequence Analysis ; Streptococcus suis ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Virulence Factors ; genetics

Aged ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; blood ; therapy ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Serum ; chemistry

Objective To establish a method for simultaneous detection of norovirus (NV),rotavirus (RV), astrovirus (AV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) by multiplex reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods Specific primers of the four viruses were designed based on the high conserved sequences, the reaction system and conditions optimized and the specificity and sensitivity confirmed. The method was then applied to detect the four viruses in clinical samples. Results The steady detection limits were 100 pg/ml for hepatitis A virus, 50 pg/ml for rotavirus, norovirus and astrovirus respectively. When the developed method was used to detect clinical fecal samples, 62(48.44%)were iden tified as rotavirus, 8 (6.25%) as norovirus, 11 (8.59%) as astrovirus and 4 (3.12%) as hepatitis A virus in a total of 128 samples. Conclusion Data from our study showed that multiplex RTPCR system could be used to simultaneously detect the four viruses in routine monitoring and risk assessment in disease outbreaks with high specificity and sensitivity.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of hemoperfusion(HP) about the patients of methamidophos poisoning.

METHODSOn the basis of comprehensive treatment,15 cases of severe acute methamidophos poisoning patients were treated with HP, Blood samples were collected at 7 time points, before and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60mins following the beginning and the end of hemoperfusion. Blood samples were used for measuring the concentration of methamidophos and perfusion devices were used for measuring the volume of methamidophos adsorbed by the device after hemoperfusion.

RESULTS15 patients live in 12 cases, 3 cases of death. HP (former) blood Cholinesterase vigor were 662.60 + 632.05, HP (after) blood cholinesterase vigor were 2577.52 + 920.38 IU/L; The difference of blood Cholinesterase vigor between the before and after HP was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The patients' methamidophos concentration of blood when HP treated 45, 60, 120 min were respectively (851 + 672), (680 + 529), (587 + 520) microg /ml, there were significantly lower than that the patients' methamidophos concentration of blood who were before HP (1659 + 1105) microg/ml, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHP can be cut down obviously methamidophos poisoning patients serum concentrations of toxic, the experimental method directly prove the clinical application of carbon HP can really adsorption methamidophos.

Adult ; Cholinesterases ; metabolism ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; methods ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; poisoning ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective:To understand the molecular pat hophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer.Methods: We studied novel gene expression by cDNA microarray method. The PCR pro ducts of 4 096 genes and 12 800 gene were spotted onto a kind of chemical-mater ial-coated-glass slide in array. Both the mRNAs from 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled dUTP to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, BioDoor4096 and BioDoor12800 cDNA microarray were scanned for the fluorescent intensity. Tumor invasion-related gene expression w as screened through the analysis of difference in gene expression profile.Results:Among 4 096 and 12 800 target genes, there were 15 genes who se expression level differed from normal and carcinoma tissues. Therefore, they might be associated with metastasis.Conclusion:Further analysis of these differentially expressed metastasis-associated genes will be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on plasma levels of MSP and MCP-1 in AIDS patients.

METHODSForty Chinese AIDS patients were treated with HAART for 3 months and 84 German AIDS patients with HAART for 3 to 6 years. The pre-treatment and post-treatment plasma levels of MSP and MCP-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and their correlations with CD4+ cell counts and viral loads were analyzed.

RESULTThe mean levels of MCP-1 were significantly higher and MSP were significantly lower in HIV-infected patients compared with the HIV-negative controls (P <0.01). After HAART for three months, there were no significant changes in the levels of these cytokines. But after long-term HAART (for 3 to 6 y), the level of MCP-1 was increased and that of MSP decreased significantly (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between MSP and MCP-1 levels, and the same for MSP level and CD4+ cell counts; while there was a positive correlation between MCP-1 levels and CD4+ cell counts.

CONCLUSIONThe changed plasma levels of MSP and MCP-1 are associated with HIV-1 infection and HAART may reverse the levels of these two cytokines.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Chemokine CCL2 ; blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Macrophage-Activating Factors ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the roles of macrophage apoptosis, IL-1, and IL-8 in the pathogenesis of rat pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica.

METHODSForty eight male Wistar rats were divided into the 4 control groups (24 rats) and 4 experimental groups (24 rats). Rats in the control groups were treated with 1 ml normal saline by trachea instillation, whereas the rats in experimental groups were exposed 1 ml silica suspension (100 mg/ml) by trachea instillation for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, respectively. Six rats of each group were sacrificed, then the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues were collected, respectively. Pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis and other pathological changes were detected with H.E. staining. Morphological changes of the early stage apoptosis in macrophages were detected with transmission electron microscope (TEM). The early apoptosis rates of macrophages in BALF were also assessed using Annexin V-FITC/PI kit. The IL-1 and IL-8 levels of serum were measured with the ELISA.

RESULTSThe apoptotic rates (11.48% +/- 0.24%, 16.03% +/- 0.68%, 15.53% +/- 1.07%, 18.92% +/- 2.70%, respectively) of macrophage in the experimental groups increased obviously with time, as compared to the controls (5.47% +/- 2.06%, 6.39% +/- 0.215, 9.07% +/- 0.61% and 8.54% +/- 0.16%, Respectively) (P < 0.05). The IL-1 levels of serum in the experimental groups were 23.64 +/- 0.84, 23.38 +/- 1.10, 22.21 +/- 0.86 and 24.29 +/- 1.31 pg/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those (18.52 +/- 1.23, 18.40 +/- 1.6, 17.92 +/- 2.21 and 18.53 +/- 2.64 pg/ml, respectively) in the control groups (P < 0.05) without time-effect relationship. The serum IL-8 levels on the 1st, 7th and 14th days in the experimental groups were 21.32 +/- 1.44, 21.90 +/- 2.08 and 22.00 +/- 2.80 pg/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those (17.69 +/- 1.09, 16.98 +/- 2.09 and 17.54 +/- 1.62 pg/ml, respectively) in the control groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe early macrophage apoptosis and changes of IL-1 and IL-8 may in lungs may play an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Silicon Dioxide ; toxicity ; Silicosis ; blood ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the autophagy of effector cells in lung tissue at different time points when rats were exposed to free SiO2 dust.

METHODSSixty Wistar rats (220∼230 g) were selected and allocated to experimental group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). In the experimental group, a rat silicosis model was established by infusing SiO2 suspension into the trachea of rats. Six rats in each group were sacrificed on days 1, 7, 14, 21, or 28 of dust exposure. Lung tissue samples were collected to prepare lung tissue sections. The pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were observed by HE staining. The proautophagosome, autophagosome, and autophagolysosome in lung tissue sections were observed under a transmission electron microscope.

RESULTSOn day 1 of dust exposure, many proautophagosomes and autophagosomes were seen in both experimental group and control group. On day 7 of dust exposure, the experimental group had more autophagosomes in lung tissue than the control group. On day 14 of dust exposure, the experimental group had fewer autophagosomes than the control group. On days 21 and 28, autophagolysosomes were seen in macrophage plasma in both experimental group and control group; the autophagolysosomes in experimental group showed cloudy swelling and expansion, and some were vacuolated, and these changes were more significant on day 28.

CONCLUSIONFree SiO2 dust can induce autophagy in the lung tissue of rats, with varying degrees at different time points of dust exposure.

Animals ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Dust ; Lung ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Silicon Dioxide ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of hemoperfusion (HP) on tylenol poisoned patients.

METHODSUrgently established the blood access by transfemoral catheterization of femoral vein, we used charcoal hemoperfusion by blood pump and dynamically monitored the plasma concentration of tylenol active ingredients for the 2 patients and the content of tylenol active ingredients in the charcoal was determined.

RESULTSPlasma concentration of tylenol active ingredients of the 2 patients was declined gradually during and after the HP management. The acetaminophen serum concentration of the case 1 was declined from the 13.4 µg/L at the start of HP to the 5.81 µg/L at the end of HP; and the case 2 was declined from 51.1 µg/L to 22.3 µg/L. The adsorption amount of acetaminophen in the blood perfusion device are respectively 119 542 µg of case 1 and 33 2154 µg of case 2.

CONCLUSIONEarly hemoperfusion should be carried out for acute tylenol poisoning patients if there were indications, hemoperfusion can clear the tylenol active ingredients and this is an effective measure to eliminate tylenol active ingredients.

Acetaminophen ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; poisoning ; Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; poisoning ; Drug Overdose ; therapy ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; blood ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo examine risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) deaths in Chinese military elderly men.

METHODSA cohort analytic study was carried out in Xi'an, China. A total of 1268 retired military males aged 55 or older were examined in 1987 and followed for 18 years. Main outcome measures were all causes and COPD deaths.

RESULTSThe total person-years of follow-up from 1987 until June 2005 was 18 766.28. The mean follow-up time was 14.35 years; A total of 491 had died, with 748 alive and 29 lost of follow-up. COPD was the second cause of death in all deaths (16.90%). Results Univariate analysis of Cox model showed that age, number of smoking cigarettes per day, duration of smoking, negative affairs and existing COPD were risk factors of COPD deaths and the relative risks [95% confidence intervals (CI)] were 1.13 (1.09-1.17), 1.04 (1.02-1.06), 1.03 (1.01-1.04), 1.81 (2.85-6.77) and 4.39 (2.85-6.77) respectively. Data from Multivariate analysis of Cox model showed that age, number of smoking cigarettes per day and existing COPD were risk factors of COPD death with relative risks [95% confidence intervals (CI)] as 1.10 (1.06-1.15), 1.03 (1.01-1.06) and 3.07 (1.90-4.98) respectively. The risks for deaths increased significantly with increasing amount and duration of smoking resulting from all causes and COPD. Compared with current smokers, former smokers had lower risks of total mortality(excess risk reduction of 66.67%).

CONCLUSIONCOPD was the second cause among all deaths in this cohort. Age, number of smoking cigarettes per day and existing COPD were the risk factors of COPD deaths which called for further survey to examine the relationship between quitting smoking and COPD deaths in this cohort.

Age Factors ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; mortality ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects