OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets on learning and memory capacity and expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in hippocampus of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia-induced learning and memory dysfunction model.

METHODThe 2-VO method was used to establish sd rat model learning and memory dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral ischemia. The 50 rats in the successfully established model were randomly divided into the model control group, the Dihydroergotoxine Mesylate tablets group (0.7 mg x kg(-1), Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets high dose (7.56 g x kg(-1)), middle dose (3.78 g x kg(-1)) and low dose (1.59 g x kg(-1)) groups and the sham operation group (n = 10) as the control group. The groups were orally given 10 ml x kg(-1) x d(-1) drugs for consecutively 90 days. On the 86th day, Morris water maze was adopted for them. On the 90th day, a leaning and memory capacity test was held. The brain tissues were fixed with 10% formaldehyde and observed for pathomorphism after routine slide preparation and staining. The expression of hippocampal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was detected with immunohistochemistry and image quantitative analysis.

RESULTCompared with the model group, all of Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets groups showed significant decrease in the escape latency at the 5th day in the Morris water maze, and notable increase in the frequency of the first quadrant dwell, the frequency passing the escape platform and the frequency entering effective area (p < 0.05). According to the pathomorphological detection, the control group showed a significantly higher pathological score than the sham operation group (p < 0.01), the middle dose group showed a significantly lower pathological score than the model group (p < 0.05). According to the immunohistochemistical detection, the model control group showed a remarkably lower mean OD value of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase than the sham operation group (p < 0.05), high and middle dose groups showed a significantly higher mean od value than the model control group (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets can improve the learning and memory capacity, reduce pathological changes of hippocampal tissues of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia-induced learning and memory dysfunction model, and promote the expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in hippocampus.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; psychology ; Chronic Disease ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Humans ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tablets ; administration & dosage

Objective To investigate the situation of chronic diseases and the effects on quality of life among different-aged elderly in community and provide evidence for targeted improvement quality of life.Methods During March to July 2015, the elderly who was aged 60 and over as respondents from two communities in Kunming were enrolled. Cross-sectional study and cluster sampling were used based on Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL) and Balthel index.questionnaire was designed and information of chronic disease in the elderly was colected.The effects on Balthel index in different chronic diseases and age groups were analysed.Results A total of 589 subjects were investigated, chronic disease prevalence was93.70％, and the highest prevalence is hypertension that was 27.50％.The quality of life was worse in the elderly who suffered from three kinds of chronic diseases and more older. The quality of life in different age groups elderly was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The quality of life in the community elderly is relate with age and the type of chronic diseases.In order to improve their quality of life health guidance should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo study the genes differentially expressed in the liver of Kkay diabetic and normal mice by genomic-scale gene expression analysis.

METHODScDNA microarray chips containing 8,192 cDNAs were used to explore the gene expression pattern of Kkay mouse liver.

RESULTSOne hundred and fifty-four genes were screened out, including 68 complete cDNAs and expressed sequence tags, and among them 40 genes were up-regulated and 114 genes were down-regulated respectively.

CONCLUSIONMost of the gene expression analysis results were consistent with previous study, and the gene expression pattern of Kkay mouse based on cDNA microarray could be used for high-throughout screening out the genes associated with type 2 diabetes.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism

Guanylate binding protein-1(GBP-1) is an interferon-induced protein. To observe its antiviral effect against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), we constructed an eukaryotic expression vector of human GBP-1(hGBP-1). Full-length encoding sequence of hGBP-1 was amplified by long chain RT-PCR and inserted into a pCR2.1 vector, then subcloned into a pCDNA3.1(-) vector. Recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids and pHBV1.3 carrying 1.3-fold genome of HBV were contransfected into HepG2 cells, and inhibition effect of hGBP-1 against HBV replication was observed. Hela cells transfected with recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids were challenged with CVB3, and viral yield in cultures were detected. The results indicated that recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of hGBP-1 was constructed successfully and the hGBP-1 gene carried in this plasmid could be efficiently expressed in HepG2 cells and Hela cells. hGBP-1 inhibit CVB3 but not HBV replication in vitro. These results demonstrate that hGBP-1 mediates an antiviral effect against CVB3 but not HBV and perhaps plays an important role in the interferon-mediated antiviral response against CVB3.

To establish a replication cellular model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and determine its application in antiviral drug evaluation,we constructed an expression plasmid which contained 1.3 copies of the HBV genome,and measured the level of viral replication after transient transfection in Huh7 cells.We then observed the effect of antiviral drug administration.1.3 fold of the HBV(ayw) gene fragment was cloned into pCR2.1 by PCR and restriction endonuclease digestion.The recombinant plasmid was trans ient transfected into Huh7 cells,HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA in supernatant of Huh7 cells were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR respectively; intracellular HBV replicative intermediates and intracellular HBV transcripts were detected by Southern blot and Northern blot respectively.The antiviral effect of adefovir,a novel anti-HBV nucleotide analogue,was evaluated in this cellular model system.The results indicated that a recombinant plasmid of HBV replicon was constructed successfully; the HBV genome carried in plasmid pHBV1.3 could efficiently replicate and be expressed in Huh 7 cells,adefovir could inhibit HBV replication in this cellular model,and the inhibition was dosage-dependent.The conclusion is HBV replicon,which can initiate viral replication efficiently in hepatoma cells,may be a useful tool in the study of HBV replication and antiviral drug.

Objective　To evaluate the technique and clinical outcomes of modified transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.　Methods　A total of 285 patients received the operation with mean age of 67 years (50-76 years) from January 2008 to April 2012.Mean level of PSA was 15.7 μg/L (1.8 -50.0 μg/L),and mean prostatic volume was 44 ml (26 -74 ml). No lymph node or seminal vesicle involvement was found by CT or MR and radionuclide bone scan revealed no metastasis.271 cases were confirmed diagnosis by prostatic biopsy and 14 were detected through pathological studies of TURP specimens.Gleason score ranged from 6 to 8.14 cases were in clinical stage T1b,29 cases in T1c,214 cases in T2 and 28 cases in T3a.Transperitoneal approach and modified technique involving bladder neck dissection,nervesparing technique and vesicoureteral anastomosis were applied on patients.　Results　Mean operative time was 105 min (55 -150 min).Mean intraoperative estimated blood loss was 240 ml (50-800 ml).Rectal injures occurred in 2 cases and were repaired under laparoscopy.Drainage tube and urinary catheter were removed 48 -72 h and 5 -8 d postoperatively.Postoperative hospital stay was 7 d (5 - 11 d).Positive surgical margin was present in 58 patients.Mean follow-up time was 29 months (3 -50 months).Complete continence were found in 208 patients immediately after catheter removal.68 patient recovered continence within 3 months and 9 patients remained incontinence 3 months after surgery. Normal erection presented in 42 of the 57 cases with nerve-sparing.　Conclusions　Transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is safe and efficient.Higher efficiency and lower complication rate have been achieved through modified laparoscopic technique involving bladder neck dissection,nerve-sparing technique and vesicoureteral anastomosis.

BACKGROUNDPain is a common burden of disease globally; yet, it is not systematically investigated in China, especially in hospitalized patients. This study was aimed at clarifying the epidemiological characteristics of pain and related factors in hospitalized patients in Southwest China.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, severity, and influencing factors of pain and modes of postoperative analgesia in hospitalized patients from 17 hospitals in Southwest China. A prevalidated questionnaire was employed to calibrate all of these items within 3 days from March 18, 2015 to March 20, 2015.

RESULTSA total of 2293 patients were surveyed, the incidence of pain was 57.4% in all hospitalized patients at rest, of which 62.1% were with acute pain and 37.9% had persistent to chronic pain. Among surgical patients, 90.8% of them complained of acute postoperative pain at rest and 97.1% in motion. The incidence of acute postoperative moderate-to-severe pain was 28.8% at rest and 45.1% in motion. Surgical patients reported higher incidences of pain, especially acute and persistent pain compared with nonsurgical patients (P < 0.05). Postoperative pain occurred predominately at surgical sites (95.2%) as compared with nonsurgical sites (4.8%). Agedness, lower education level, surgery, and history of smoking were factors associated with increased duration and severity of postoperative pain and nonsurgical pain (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPain is a common burden of disease in China, of which surgical pain constituted an important component. Surgical patients complained more severe pain than those who did not undergo surgery. Postoperative analgesia still needs to be improved to control pain after surgery. Patients' perception might influence the efficacy of pain management, which should be implemented with a multidisciplinary approach.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Pain Management ; Pain Perception ; Pain, Postoperative ; epidemiology

Objective To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV)deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the ovary and HBV intrauterine infection.Methods HBV DNA and HBV cccDNA were assayed in the ovaries of 33 pregnant women who were positive for HBV DNA,tested by Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR).The level of HBV mark (HBVM) and the content of HBV DNA in peripheral blood of infants were measured by chemoluminescence and FQ-PCR methods respectively.Results The overall positive rate for both HBV DNA and HBV cccDNA in ovarian samples was 51.52％ (17/33).The rate on intrauterine infection among infants was 12.12％ (4/33) and all the 4 infected infants were delivered from mothers with normal hepatic function.When HBV DNA and HBV cccDNA were both positive,the rate of intrauterine infection in infants was significantly higher than those who were with both negative results (P＜0.05).Levels of HBV cccDNA and the rate of positive samples were significantly higher in mothers with infants who appeared to have had intrauterine infection than those did not (P＜0.01 and ＜0.05,respectively).Conclusion HBV infection could be discovered in the human ovary and might be transmitted to the filial generation via ovum.

Shilajit, a medicine herb commonly used in Ayurveda, has been reported to contain at least 85 minerals in ionic form that act on a variety of chemical, biological, and physical stressors. The substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) are involved in orofacial nociceptive processing. Shilajit has been reported to be an injury and muscular pain reliever but there have been few functional studies of the effect of Shilajit on the SG neurons of the Vc. Therefore, whole cell and gramicidin-perfotrated patch clamp studies were performed to examine the action mechanism of Shilajit on the SG neurons of Vc from mouse brainstem slices. In the whole cell patch clamp mode, Shilajit induced short-lived and repeatable inward currents under the condition of a high chloride pipette solution on all the SG neurons tested. The Shilajit-induced inward currents were concentration dependent and maintained in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a voltage gated Na+ channel blocker, CNQX, a non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, and AP5, an NMDA receptor antagonist. The Shilajit-induced responses were partially suppressed by picrotoxin, a GABAA receptor antagonist, and totally blocked in the presence of strychnine, a glycine receptor antagonist, however not affected by mecamylamine hydrochloride (MCH), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Under the potassium gluconate pipette solution at holding potential 0 mV, Shilajit induced repeatable outward current. These results show that Shilajit has inhibitory effects on the SG neurons of Vc through chloride ion channels by activation of the glycine receptor and GABAA receptor, indicating that Shilajit contains sedating ingredients for the central nervous system. These results also suggest that Shilajit may be a potential target for modulating orofacial pain processing.
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione ; Animals ; Brain Stem ; Central Nervous System ; Chloride Channels ; Facial Pain ; Gluconates ; Mecamylamine ; Mice ; Minerals ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons ; Picrotoxin ; Potassium ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Glycine ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; Resins, Plant ; Strychnine ; Substantia Gelatinosa ; Tetrodotoxin

Objective To investigate the association of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9 * 3) (1075A ＞ C) gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to epilepsy and the serum concentration of valproate acid (VPA).Methods DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 245 healthy subjects and 191 patients with epilepsy.The CYP2C9 * 3 genotype was detected by sequenom mass array method.The steady-state serum concentration of VPA was determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay.Results The frequencies of CYP2C9 * 3 alleles in patients with epilepsy and healthy subjects were 4.45％ and 2.04％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The C allele frequency odds ratio was 2.23,C allele increased the risk of epilepsy (P ＜0.05).The steady-state VPA concentration in patients with CYP2C9 * 1/* 1 genotype and patients with CYP2C9 * 1/* 3 genotype were (55.90±21.11) and (67.75 ±21.36)μg· mL-1,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CYP2C9 * 3 significantly increases the risk to develop epilepsy and C allele is a susceptible allele for epilepsy.CYP2C9 * 3 polymorphisms are associated with serum concentrations of VPA in epilepsy patients.