OBJECTIVE: To observe the different tissue distributions of the adriamycin polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle (ADM-PBCA-NP) in the mice body after the injection via lateral tail vein, and to study the liver targeting effects of ADM-PBCA-NP in different diameters on normal mice livers. METHODS: One hundred and eighty mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 30 mice in each group: non-conjugated free ADM (Group 1); (22.3+/-6.2) nm in diameter ADM-PBCA-NP group (Group 2); (48.6+/-9.2) nm ADM-PBCA-NP group (Group 3); (101.9+/-20.3) nm ADM-PBCA-NP group (Group 4); (143.5+/-23.5) nm ADM-PBCA-NP group (Group 5), and (194.2+/-28.4) nm ADM-PBCA-NP group (Group 6). A single dose of either conjugated or free adriamycin equaled 2 mg/kg of body weight was delivered via the tail vein. Five mice in each trail were sacrificed at 5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 5 and 12 hours after the injection, respectively. The adriamycin concentrations in the collected livers, kidneys, spleens, hearts, lungs and plasma were demonstrated using a high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. RESULTS: Compared with that of the control group, adriamycin was hardly detected in the heart muscles of the treatment groups (P<0.05). The nanoparticle-conjugated adriamycin was cleaned up quickly from the kidney tissues. The adriamycin concentrations of the mice liver and spleen in the experimental groups was significantly higher than those in the control group, except for the group with the nanoparticles diameters of (22.3+/-6.2) nm (P<0.05). The ADM-PBCA-NP in (101.9+/-20.3) nm diameter had the highest liver distribution, and the second highest adriamycin distribution in the liver was the group of (143.5+/-23.5) nm diameter (P<0.05). Adriamycin was released slowly in the liver during the detection period in the experimental groups. ADM-PBCA-NP in (22.3+/-6.2) nm diameter was not distributed in the tissues of the livers, kidneys, hearts, spleens, and lungs. CONCLUSION ADM-PBCA-NP with a 100 - 150 nm diameter range has the best liver targeting with slow medicine release. It also decreases the medicine distribution in the heart and other organs. In the treatment of liver cancer, the polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle system has a good liver targeting ability, which increases the anticancer activity and markedly decreases the toxicity of adriamycin.
Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Enbucrilate ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Random Allocation ; Tissue Distribution

BACKGROUNDLiver targeting drug delivery systems can improve the curative effects and relieve the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of liver diseases. Nanoparticles carrying therapeutic drugs are currently under hot investigation with great clinical significance. This study was aimed to investigate the different tissue distribution of the adriamycin polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle (ADM-PBCA-NP) in the mice body after an injection via lateral tail vein, and to study the liver targeting effects of ADM-PBCA-NP in different diameters on normal mice liver.

METHODSOne hundred and eighty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 30 mice in each group (5 treatment groups of ADM-PBCA-NP in the different diameter ranges, non-conjugated free adriamycin injection was employed as the control group). A single dose of either conjugated or free adriamycin equaled 2 mg/kg of body weight was delivered via the tail vein. Five mice in each trail were sacrificed at 5, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 5 and 12 hours postinjection, respectively. The adriamycin concentrations in the respectively collected liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung and plasma were demonstrated using a high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, adriamycin was hardly detected in the heart muscle of the treatment groups (P < 0.05). The nanoparticle-conjugated adriamycin was cleaned up quickly from the kidney tissue. The adriamycin concentrations of the mice liver and spleen in the experimental groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, except for the group with the nanoparticles diameters of (22.3 +/- 6.2) nm (P < 0.05). The ADM-PBCA-NP in (101.0 +/- 20.3) nm diameter had the highest liver distribution, and the second highest adriamycin distribution in liver was the group of (143.0 +/- 23.5) nm diameter (P < 0.05). Moreover, adriamycin was released slowly in the liver during the detection period in the experimental groups. ADM-PBCA-NP in (22.3 +/- 6.2) nm diameter was not distributed in the tissue of the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and lung.

CONCLUSIONSADM-PBCA-NP in 100 - 150 nm diameter range has the best liver targeting with a characteristic of slow medicine release. It also decreases the medicine distribution in the heart, kidney and lung. In the treatment of liver cancer, the polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles system has a good liver targeting ability, which increases the anticancer activity and markedly decreases the toxicity of adriamycin.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Enbucrilate ; administration & dosage ; Liver ; metabolism ; Mice ; Nanostructures ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance and genotyping of acetyltransferase in Escherichia coli.

METHODSResistance phenotypes to 12 antibiotics of 44 Escherichia coli isolates were analyzed using agar dilution method and 3 aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(3)-I, II and aac(6')-I were determined by PCR method.

RESULTSIn 44 clinical isolates, the occurrence of ESBLs was 45.45%, resistance rates were discrepant for amikacin (18.18%), gentamicin (56.82%) and tobramycin (61.36%), the prevalence of phenotype TG (tobramycin and gentamicin) indicative of aac(3)-II production and TGA (tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin) indicative of aac(6')-I production were 36.36% and 18.18%, respectively. The most common aminoglycoside resistance genotype of acetyltransferase was aac(3)-II (52.27%) and aac(6')-I was lower (29.55%), but no aac(3)-I was detected.

CONCLUSIONAt least 2 acetyltransferase genes exist in this area i.e. aac(3)-II and aac(6')-I.

Acyltransferases ; genetics ; Amikacin ; pharmacology ; Aminoglycosides ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Genotype ; Gentamicins ; pharmacology ; Phenotype ; Tobramycin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore an effective method for repairing the large skin and vessel defect of upper arm.

METHODSThe large skin defect was repaired by the free anterolateral thigh flap. The vessel defect was reconstructed with the end branch of descending branch from lateral femoral circumflex artery, or the large muscular branch through bridge-like vascular anastomosis.

RESULTSSince 2003, 5 cases were treated. All the flaps survived completely with a soft tissue texture. They were followed up for 8-24 months. The cosmetic and functional results were both satisfactory with less morbidity in the donor sites. The blood supply of the flap and the end of extremities was not affected by weather.

CONCLUSIONSAnterolateral thigh flap is very suitable for large skin and vessel defect of upper arm.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arm Injuries ; surgery ; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Thigh ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the treatment of colorectal polyps.

METHODEMR was applied in the treatment of colorectal polyps.

RESULTSA total of 3578 polyps in 2609 patients were all completely resected except 2 cases and the integrated rate of samples was 99.6%. Intra- and post-operation complications occurred in 22 cases(0.8%), including 7 intraoperative bleeding, 5 postoperative bleeding, and 10 thermal burn, which were cured by symptomatic treatment. A total of 1530 (58.6%) cases were followed-up with 3-12 months and no relapse was found in former place of excision.

CONCLUSIONEMR can be applied in resection of colorectal polyps effectively and safely.

Aged ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; surgery ; Intestinal Polyps ; surgery ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Recurrence

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of ankle bath by traditional Chinese medicine associated with chiropractic technique on the patients with ankle fractures in later period so as to explore the nursing and its influencing factors.Methods From June 2009 to December 2011,a total of 76 cases with ankle fractures were selected and radomly divided into control group and observation group.Control group took medicine that could activate blood circulation to dissipated blood stasis,bathed ankle in warm water and took functional exercise,while the observation group received Chinese medicine bath and massage followed by functional exercise.Results After 10 days,the difference between observation group and control group in the degree of pain and activity of ankle and joint function appeared ( 14.86 ±7.21vs 8.68 ± 8.98,7.18 ± 1.91vs 4.34 ± 1.66,2.84 ± 1.46 vs 1.97 ± 1.17 ) and the difference was statistically significant ( t =3.31,6.90,2.85 ;P＜0.05).And 20 days later,the improvement rate of observation group was 92.1％ and 71.06％ of control group,and the difference was statistically significant ( u =2.07,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Bath foot by traditional Chinese medicine associated with chiropractic technique can make qi and blood be unobstructed,activate blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis,promote ankle joint swelling and analgetic,and finally enhance joint function to recover.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of re-irradiation with stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT) for treating locally recurrent advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods From 2014 to 2017,7 patients with stage Ⅲ pancreatic cancer were treated by re-irradiated with SBRT at Shanghai Changhai Hospital.SBRT was delivered via the G4 type cyberknife robotic stereotactic radiosurgery system in all the patients.The median dose of the first SBRT was 35Gy/5-7 fx,and the median dose of re-irradiation with SBRT was 31 Gy/5-8 fx.6 patients had undergone sequential chemotherapy either with gemcitabine or S-1 based therapy except one patient who refused the chemotherapy.Results There were 5 male and 2 female patients.The median overall survival (OS) of 7 patients was 30 months.Patients were re-irradiated with SBRT after a median interval of 10 months after the first SBRT.Median OS and locally relapse-free survival (LFRS) from re-irradiation were 13 months and 11 months,respectively.Three months after re-irradiation,3(42.9％) patients had partial remission and 4 patients had stable disease.Pain disappeared in 4 patients at the end of reirradiation and significant pain was alleviated in 2 patients 1 month after re-irradiation.There were no toxicities of grade 3 or higher grade during two courses of SBRT.Conclusions For patient with locally recurrent advanced pancreatic cancer,SBRT re irradiation regimen was associated with acceptable toxicity,which can effectively alleviate the pain,prolong the survival and improve the life quality.

OBJECTIVETo ascertain the genetic characterization and genotype of measles viruses isolated in Shanghai region, in 2005.

METHODSMeasles virus was isolated from throat swab specimens collected from suspected measles cases and 450 bp fragment of C terminus of nucleprotein (N) gene was amplified by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis was conducted to ascertain the genotype and to compare the difference of nucleotide with other measles virus strain published in GenBank.

RESULTS4 measles viruses were isolated from 10 throat swab specimens, and the sequence analysis indicated that they belonged to H1 genotype. The homogeneity of 450 nucleotides in the C terminal of the N gene was at 98%-98.2% as compared to H1 genotype (China93-7). They differed from genotype H2 (China94-1) at 6.4%-6.9% and from genotype A (Edmonston) at 6.7%-6.9%, from measles vaccine (Shanghail91) at 7.6%-8.0%. They differed from the other measles viral strain isolated in China in 1993 - 2005 at 0.2%-3.7%. The variation within 4 isolated measles viruses was at 0.7%-1.3%.

CONCLUSIONIt was H1 genotype measles viruses,which are the native viruses in China that led to the outbreak of measles in Shanghai, in 2005.

China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Genotype ; Humans ; Measles ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Measles virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of anastomoses sequence on the hemodynamics in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and to investigate the strategy to stabilize the hemodynamics.

METHODSFrom March 2005 to March 2007, 67 patients with serious triple-vessel coronary artery lesions (male 45, female 22) with a age range from 44 to 81-years-old were enrolled for off-pump CABG. All the patients underwent left internal mammary artery-left anterior descending branch (LIMA-LAD) anastomose firstly, followed by the foreword anastomose of the other two vessels. According to the anastomose sequence of posterior descending branch (PDA) and obtuse marginal branch (OM), the patients were divided into three groups. Group I (n = 22) did the sequence of PDA-OM-aortic root (Ao). Group II (n = 14) did the sequence of Ao-PDA-OM. Group III (n = 31) did the sequence of Ao-OM-PDA. The hemodynamics markers, including heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), mean artery pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular-stroke work index (LVSWI) and right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI), were analyzed before LIMA-LAD anastomose to serve as baseline. And these markers were re-measured at LIMA-LAD anastomose, immediately after LIMA-LAD anastomose, at PDA anastomose and at OM anastomose.

RESULTSAll the patients survived after off-pump CABG. Compared with the baseline, there were no significant hemodynamic changes when doing LIMA-LAD anastomose. When the anastomose finished, the hemodynamic indices improved significantly. When performing OM anastomose, HR and CVP increased significantly, and MAP, CI, LVSWI and RVSWI decreased remarkably in group I and group III, while there were no significant changes of MAP, CI and RVSWI in group II . When performing PDA anastomose, HR and CVP increased significantly, and MAP, CI, LVSWI and RVSWI decreased remarkably in group I and group II, while there were no significant hemodynamic changes in group III except HR.

CONCLUSIONProximal anastomose first when performing off-pump CABG, followed by distal anastomoses of target vessels is beneficial to those who have hard exposure and difficult anastomose of OM and PDA.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Coronary Vessels ; surgery ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of endothelial cell-targeted therapy to cure post-burn hypertrophic scar.

METHODSA hypertrophic scar animal model was made. Intralesional injecting of VEGF monoclonal antibody was performed for three weeks. The changes of scar in volume and morphology were observed.

RESULTS1. The volume of scar decreased. 2. The number of the capillary, the amount of collagen I and collagen III decreased. 3. Transmission electron microscope examinations demonstrated many dead or apoptotic fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Fibrocytes were seen relatively common.

CONCLUSIONVEGF induces the growth and development of hypertrophic scar in that it induces excessive and uncontrollable angiogenesis, which favors excessive collagen synthesis. Endothelial cell-targeted therapy may be a promising method to cure post-burn hypertrophic scar.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; complications ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Collagen Type I ; Collagen Type III ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells ; Feasibility Studies ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; etiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A