This study aimed to explore the impact of depression caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on in vivo activity of six kinds of CYP450 isoforms in rats. According to 'Katz' method, the model of CUMS was established. Tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, theophylline, midazolam, omeprazole and dextromethorphan were chosen as probe substrates of CYP2C6, CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP3A2, CYP2D1 and CYP2D2 of rats. Plasma concentration of six kinds of CYP450 in control group and model group were determined by LC-MS/MS and computed pharmacokinetic parameters. Consequently, metabolism of theophylline and chlorzoxazone accelerated significantly (P < 0.01), but tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, omeprazole and midazolam had no significant difference. The present study proved that depression caused by CUMS had strong induction to CYP1A2 and medium induction to CYP2E1.
Animals ; Chlorzoxazone ; metabolism ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Depression ; Dextromethorphan ; metabolism ; Liver ; enzymology ; Midazolam ; metabolism ; Omeprazole ; metabolism ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Theophylline ; metabolism ; Tolbutamide ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDTransmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) has been used in the treatment of patients with end-stage coronary artery disease (CAD) since 1990. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of TMLR in patients with diffuse CAD.

METHODSNinety-four consecutive patients underwent TMLR in one center from July 1997 to December 2000. The follow-up data of these patients were obtained through face-to-face, mail questionnaires, or telephone interviews in July 2004 and December 2004. Four cases failed to respond. Mean follow-up time was (5.5 +/- 1.0) years.

RESULTSMean Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina scores of TMLR patients were 3.1 +/- 0.8 at baseline, 1.7 +/- 0.9 at 1 year (P < 0.05), 1.7 +/- 0.9 at 3 years (P < 0.05), and 1.9 +/- 0.9 at 5 years (P < 0.05). At an average of 5 years, 69% of the patients had > or = 1 angina class reduction, mean NYHA class level (1.9 +/- 0.9) ameliorated compared to the baseline (2.5 +/- 0.7, P < 0.001), the rate of re-hospitalization was 2.7 times/person. Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 87% at 1 year, 69% at 3 years and 64% at 5 years. The causes of death were attributed more to heart failure (58.9%) and myocardial infraction (14.7%) after TMLR. The patients with no angina relief, or who died after TMLR, had a higher percentage of preoperative unstable anginas or prior myocardial infraction compared to the survivors. The assorted shapes of myocardial laser channels were detected in some patients by the color Doppler velocity technique.

CONCLUSIONSTMLR provided a long-term improvement in the quality of life, including CCS angina class or NYHA heart functional class for about 70% of Chinese patients with severely disabling angina pectoris. The various myocardial laser channels would always be visible after TMLR. 5-years after TMLR as a sole therapy, the survival rate of the patients was 64%.

Aged ; Coronary Artery Disease ; mortality ; psychology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Revascularization ; methods ; Quality of Life ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVETo compare results of the growth and development of the upper dental arch and the velopharyngeal closure of the cleft patients treated by two methods.

METHODSThe dental cast of patient and X-ray films were measured and the statistical medical records were analyzed.

RESULTSThe transverse distance of upper dental arch was found to be wider in group A than in group B. The anterior-posterior distance of the dental arch in bilateral cleft group was shorter in group A than in group B. The difference of the two groups were gradually lessened as age increases. Bony bridge in alveolar gap was 63% and 83.3% in unilateral and bilateral cleft group respectively. 15% of cases in group A and 35.2% in group B needed pharyngeal flap.

CONCLUSIONSThe stable upper dental arch in group A can opposes the pressure from the lip muscles, this maintains the width of the arch. But A-P distance of upper dental arch in BCLP in group A should be followed up after the age of 9 years. Pharyngeal flap is needed less in group A than in group B.

Alveolar Process ; growth & development ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Palate, Soft ; surgery

To observe the serum samples and the anti-inflammatory effect of Tripterygium wilfordii in treating RA by using the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model, make a correlation analysis on concentration-time and effect-time curves, and explore RORγt, IL-17, STAT3, IL-6 mRNA transcriptional levels in rats by PCR. Methotrexate, tripterine and high-dose T. wilfordii could down-regulate RORγt, IL-17, STAT3, IL-6 mRNA transcriptional levels in AA rat lymph nodes. The study on PK-PD model showed correlations between inflammatory factors and blood concentration of T. wilfordii. T. wilfordii and its main active constituent tripterine could show the inflammatory effect and treat RA by inhibiting IL-17 cytokine.
Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Biomarkers ; Female ; Interleukin-17 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tripterygium ; Triterpenes ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of redo CABG.

METHODSThe outcomes of 42 consecutive patients who underwent redo CABG from January 2002 to December 2010 was analyzed. There were 29 males and 13 females, aging from 46 to 78 years old with a mean of (61.2 ± 2.1) years. Off-pump CABG was applied for 31 patients and on-pump CABG for 11 patients. There were 1 patient underwent concomitant aortic valve replacement and 1 patient underwent aortic root and right aortic arch replacement respectively.

RESULTSThree patients died of right ventricle rupture, heart failure and multiple system organ failure respectively and the perioperative mortality rate was 4.8%. The post-operatively mechanical ventilation time varied from 9 to 27 h with a mean of (17 ± 7) h. There was no residual angina and perioperative myocardial infarction in the remaining patients who were all discharged uneventfully. Intraoperative 6 patients had accepted intraaortic balloon counterpulsation. During the follow-up from 6 months to 4.5 years for 38 patients, which showed no evidence of recurrent angina and postoperative coronary CT angiography in 12 patients showed the patency of grafts is good.

CONCLUSIONSatisfactory outcome of redo coronary artery bypass grafting can be achieved if proper indication were choose and reasonable management were performed.

Aged ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Restenosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reoperation ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) associated lung involvement, concentrating on clinical characteristics, pathological findings of lung involvements, response to treatment, and prognosis.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the characters of the clinical manifestations, thin-section CT and pathological findings of CSS. The study involved 16 patients. Clinical data were obtained by chart review. All patients underwent transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). Six of them underwent surgical lung biopsy as well.

RESULTSThe patients included 7 men and 9 women, aged from 14 to 61 years (median, 47.5 years). Extrathoracic organs involved included nervous system (7/16) and skin (5/16). Respiratory symptoms included cough (12/16), exertional dyspnea (11/16), hemoptysis (4/16), and chest pain (3/16). CT findings included bilateral ground-glass opacities (12/16), bilateral patchy opacities (12/16), and centrilobular nodules (6/16). The pathological findings of TBLB demonstrated increased eosinophils (3/16), vasculitis (3/16), and interstitial pneumonia (16/16). The pathological findings of surgical lung biopsy of 6 cases showed necrotizing vasculitis in 4 cases, capillaries in 5, eosinophilic pneumonia in 3, granulomas in 2, and airway abnormalities in 3. All patients improved in symptoms after therapy during the study period (range, 3 to 51 months; median, 15 months).

CONCLUSIONSAsthma may be present in CSS patient when there is bronchial involvement. Ground-glass opacities and consolidation seen on high-resolution CT reflect the presence of eosinophilic pneumonia, vasculitis, and pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage. TBLB has significant limitations for the diagnosis of CSS. Early diagnosis and therapy can result in satisfactory prognosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asthma ; physiopathology ; Biopsy ; Churg-Strauss Syndrome ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of clopidogrel on the binding rate of ginsenosides with rat serum proteins (RSA).

METHODSEquilibrium dialysis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed to quantify the concentration of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1. The protein-binding rates of Rg1 and Rb1 in the presence or absence of clopidogrel (1.0 mg/L) were determined. A molecular simulation model (consisting of homology modeling and molecular docking interaction) was used to reveal the target protein-compound interactions.

RESULTSThe binding rates of ginsenosides Rg1 (0.4, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L) with RSA were (30.16∓2.82)%, (33.42∓4.21)%, and (34.61∓3.42)%, and those of and Rb1 were (50.13∓2.34)%, (51.23∓3.23)%, and (53.11∓3.26)%, respectively. In the presence of clopidogrel, the binding rates of Rg1 decreased to (22.13∓2.72)%, (21.42∓3.22)%, and (25.45∓3.52)%, and those of Rb1 to (40.13∓3.24)%, (41.25∓4.15)%, and (43.11∓3.31)%, receptively. The molecular docking suggested that these compounds competed to bind with RSA.

CONCLUSIONClopidogrel can competitively bind to RSA with ginsenosides to lower the plasma protein binding rates of ginsenosides.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinic characteristics and effect of surgical repair of ruptured aortic sinus aneurysm.

METHODSFrom September 1997 to September 2007, 43 patients with ruptured aortic sinus aneurysm underwent surgical procedures. There were 32 male and 11 female patients. The age ranged from 11 to 50 years old with a mean of (29.0 +/- 11.5) years old. The origins of rupture were the right coronary sinus in 34 patients and the noncoronary sinus in 9 patients. The aneurysms ruptured into the right ventricle in 30 patients, the right atrium in 8 patients, the right ventricle and right atrium in 3 patients, and the ventricular septum and then the right ventricle in 2 patients. Associated cardiac anomalies included ventricular septal defect in 26 patients, aortic regurgitation in 15 patients, infectious endocarditis in 8 patients, tricuspid regurgitation in 6 patients, atrial septum defect in 4 patients, mitral valve regurgitation in 2 patients, patent ductus arteriosus in 2 patients, and pulmonary valve vegetation in 1 patient. All the patients underwent the repair of ruptured aortic sinus aneurysm and correction of associated anomalies with cardiopulmonary bypass.

RESULTSThere were no deaths after the operation and during the follow-up. The complications, including acute heart failure and III atrioventricular block, occurred in 5 patients. Follow-up was 6 to 120 months with a mean of (68.0 +/- 17.7) months. Two patients underwent reoperation for aortic valve replacement at the 6(th) and 8(th) year after the first operation. There were 2 patients which the aortic regurgitation deteriorated from grade I to II.

CONCLUSIONSRepair of ruptured aortic sinus aneurysm presents a satisfactory result. Aggressive treatment in early time, prevention of post-operative complications and long-term follow-up are recommended in the treatment for patients of ruptured aortic sinus aneurysm with infectious endocarditis and aortic regurgitation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aortic Rupture ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinus of Valsalva ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo identify some closely related Lycoris species and evaluate interspecific relationships among them.

METHODThe cpDNA trnL-F sequence of 20 taxa representing 15 species of Lycoris and Narcissus tazaetta var. chinensis as one out-group were determined by using direct sequencing of PCR product, and they were analyzed by means of the software of CLUSTRAL and MEGA.

RESULTThe length of trnL-F of all taxa was 905 - 1 036 bp. When the gaps were always treated as missing, there were 14 variable sites and 10 parsim-info sites, which could be used to identify some species of Lycoris. Four nucleotides inserteions/deletions were significant different among Lycoris and two species of Narcissus. Phylogeny tree was constructed with the maximum parsimony methods by bootstrap test. Three infrageneric clades of all Lycoris species were resolved. The classification was basically consistent with that of morphology except for L. longituba, L. aurea, and L. straminea.

CONCLUSIONThe tree suggested that L. anhuiensis can not be taken as an independent species, while it may be of a variety or a hybrid of L. longituba. Regarding the hybrid origin species, the materal parent of L. rosea and L. haywardii was revealed to be L. sprengeri. There were some variations in the trnL-F sequence, which were good molecular markers for identification species of Lycoris.

Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Genes, Plant ; genetics ; INDEL Mutation ; Lycoris ; classification ; genetics ; Mutation ; Nucleotides ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatoblastoma ; metabolism ; Humans ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; genetics